Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ekta Belwal
HHM/2013-011
M.Sc. (FN)
Decision Making
“Decision Making is a conscious & Human
Process involving both individual & social
phenomenon based upon factual & value
premises which concludes with a choice of one
behavioural activity among one or more
alternatives with the intention of moving towards
some desired state of affairs.”
- Shull, Delberg & Cumming
“Decision- making is a process of identifying &
choosing alternative courses of action in a manner
appropriate to the demand of the situation. The
act of choosing implies that alternative courses of
action must be weighted & weeded out.”
- Kreitner
Six ‘s of Decision Making
Organisational Issues
Environmental Issues
PERCEPTION ISSUES:
Perception can be described as the way in which individuals interpret their
environment.
Perception can be influenced by the following:
The perceiver
The types of personal characteristics that can affect an individual's
perception include:
Background and experience
Personal values
Personal expectations
Personal interests
The situation: Time, location and other situational factors can influence our
perception of an object. E.g., For example, a Team Leader may notice
team members who work late on the same evenings as the Team
Leader. However, team members who work late on other evenings may
not be noticed by the Team Leader.
The object:
The object, which refers to any person, item or event can
have an impact on the way it is perceived.
For example, when a manager receives a number of reports to read he may
be more inclined to read the one with the most colourful cover as this one stands
out.
Policies
and procedures
Organisational hierarchy
Organisational politics
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Many organisations have formalised policies and
procedures which have been developed to resolve
common problems and to guide managers when
making decisions.
e.g., many organisations have documented
disciplinary procedures which guide managers
through a process of resolving issues with staff
members.
ORGANISATIONAL HIERARCHY
Organisational hierarchy refers to the management
structure of the organisation. Most organisations
have different levels of management which carry
with them different degrees of authority. The degree
of authority directly impacts on the nature of the
decisions an individual can make.
E.g., a Customer Contact Centre Team Leader
cannot make decisions about the overall goals of
the organisation. However, the Team Leader can
make decisions about how their team contributes to
the achievement of the organisation's goals.
ORGANISATIONAL POLITICS
Organisational politics refers to behaviour displayed by
individuals and groups which is designed to influence others.
Individuals and teams will often use politics to:
Advance their careers
Advance their interests and ideas
Increase their rewards
Psychological Cultural
factors
Factors factors
affecting
Decision
making
Information
Social
Factor
Personal factors
Personal Demographics: age, gender, stages
in life cycle, education, occupation, economic
position, etc.
information, should be
authentic, reliable, adequate
and must be available at time.
So enough time must be there
to analyse the problem.
It reduces the uncertainty.
Selective retention
• Availability heuristic – A mental shortcut that occurs when people make judgments about
the probability of events by the ease with which examples come to mind. For example, in
a 1973 Tversky & Kahneman experiment, the majority of participants reported that there
were more words in the English language that start with the letter K than for which K was
the third letter. There are actually twice as many words in the English Language that have
K as the third letter than start with K, but words that start with K are much easier to recall
and bring to mind.
Thank You.