Name : Septia Dwi Amalia

NPM : 1754221002
Class : Marine Science

The Impacts and Some Indicators of Marine Pollution

Abstrac
Marine pollution is a condition where pollutants enter the sea and cause the sea to be polluted.
This pollution can be caused by biological, chemical and physical factors. Pollution will
certainly occur in the ecosystem in it. If this condition continues, it will disturb the balance of
the ecosystem. Pollution can usually be seen with various environmental indicators.

Islam, M. S., & Tanaka, M. (2004). Impacts of pollution on coastal and marine ecosystems
including coastal and marine fisheries and approach for management: a review and
synthesis. Marine pollution bulletin, 48(7-8), 624-649.
This journal was talking about impacts of pollution on coastal and marine ecosystems. Aquatic
pollution did not take many attention. Today, aquatic pollution upgrade to high level. This
paper described various forms of aquatic pollutions and the impacts on the ecosystem and
organisms. Coastal and marine pollution has already caused major changes in this world’s.
Many organisms like fish has been damaged. To solve this problem we must make an effective
and sustainable management. We have seriously to solve this problem so that ecosystems
balanced.

Fabry, V. J., Seibel, B. A., Feely, R. A., & Orr, J. C. (2008). Impacts of ocean acidification
on marine fauna and ecosystem processes. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65(3), 414-432.

This journal described that oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) is changed
the seawater chemistry of the world’s oceans. The organisms that produced calcareous skeletal
structures is directly impacted by seawater CO2 chemistry. The authors present new
observations based on available data and identify priorities for future research. The authors
knot that ocean acidification can impacts to marine ecosystems, like corals and
coccolithophores. The researchers will still develop research on this issue.

Soualili, D., Dubois, P., Gosselin, P., Pernet, P., & Guillou, M. (2008). Assessment of
seawater pollution by heavy metals in the neighbourhood of Algiers: use of the sea urchin,
Paracentrotus lividus, as a bioindicator. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65(2), 132-139.

This study explained to assess the levels of contamination by heavy metals near the Algiers
metropolis by using sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus as indicator. Chemical were found in
sediments and in sea urchin gonads. The larval of sea urchins was assessed by sediment
toxicity. This article was good, but I think will more complete if the authors give others species
or parameters to be an example. And in this journal the authors not explain how to decrease
pollution of seawaters by the heavy metals.

Todd, V. L., Todd, I. B., Gardiner, J. C., Morrin, E. C., MacPherson, N. A., DiMarzio, N. A.,
& Thomsen, F. (2014). A review of impacts of marine dredging activities on marine
mammals. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 72(2), 328-340.
This journal desribed about marine dredging. Marine dredging is one type of marine pollution.
Marine dredging is an excavation activity carried out worldwide by many industries. Marine
dredging definitely caused the interferences of marine ecosystems. Concern about the impact
dredging has on marine life, including marine mammals exists, but long-term effects are largely
unknown. Dredging has the potential to impact marine mammals with the equipment type. The
effects of the marine dredging not only negative, but have the positive effects too. If
management procedures be better, effects are most likely to be masking and short-term
behavioural alterations and changes to prey availability. This journal was explained the short-
term effects of marine dredging, but not about effects for long-term. I think we need further
studies to this case.

Furness, R. W., & Camphuysen, K. (1997). Seabirds as monitors of the marine

environment. iceS Journal of marine Science, 54(4), 726-737.
This journal was talking about seabirds as monitors of the marine pollution. Seabirds can
detected the oil pollution in seawaters. In this case, the research in Scotland and Iceland
beached bird surveys provide important evidence of geographical and temporal patterns, and
show consistent declines in oil release into the southern North Sea over the last 15 years. This
journal only compared the population of seabirds in Iceland and Scotland. I think the study of
this issue must be continue with other places. And the author not describe how to solve the oil
pollution in oceans.

There are many causes of marine pollution. This pollution certainly impacts on the ecosystem.
We as intelligent human beings must find ways to solve this problem and carry on the study of
bio-indicators of marine pollution.