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In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements To Be Submitted To Engr. Atanacio A. Barajas JR
In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements To Be Submitted To Engr. Atanacio A. Barajas JR
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
Prepared by:
KRISTEN GAIL N. MANLAPAZ
BS ARCHITECTURE 1C
NEXT CENTURY MATHEMATICS BY FERNANDO ORINES 2014
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Age problems are algebra word problems that deal with the ages
of people currently, in the past or in the future.
If the age problem involves the ages of two or more people then
using a table would be a good idea. A table will help you to
organize the information and to write the equations.
Example 1:
Five years ago, John’s age was half of the age he will be in 8 years. How old
is he now?
Solution:
Step 1: Let x be John’s age now. Look at the question and put the relevant
expressions above it.
Isolate variable x
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Example 2:
Ten years from now, Orlando will be three times older than he is today.
What is his current age?
x + 10 = 3x
x- 3x = -10
-2x = -10
x=5
Example 3:
In 20 years, Kayleen will be four times older than she is today. What is her
current age?
x + 20 = 4x
x - 4x = -20
-3x = -20
x = 6 2/3
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John is twice as old as his friend Peter. Peter is 5 years older than Alice. In 5
years, John will be three times as old as Alice. How old is Peter now?
Solution:
John
Peter
Alice
John is twice as old as his friend Peter. Peter is 5 years older than Alice. In 5
years, John will be three times as old as Alice. How old is Peter now?
John 2x 2x + 5
Peter x x+5
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2x + 5 = 3(x – 5 + 5)
2x + 5 = 3x
Isolate variable x
x=5
Example 5:
John’s father is 5 times older than John and John is twice as old as his sister
Alice. In two years time, the sum of their ages will be 58. How old is John
now?
Solution:
John’s father is 5 times older than John and John is twice as old as his sister
Alice. In two years time, the sum of their ages will be 58. How old is John
now?
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Example1 :
Solution:
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120 – 75 = 45
Computation of average speed is a trickier type of average problems. Average speed uses the formula:
Example2:
John drove for 3 hours at a rate of 50 miles per hour and for 2 hours at 60
miles per hour. What was his average speed for the whole journey?
Solution:
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Be careful! You will get the wrong answer if you add the two speeds and
divide the answer by two.
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Example1:
The ten’s digit of a number is three times the one’s digit. The sum of the
digits in the number is 8. What is the number?
Solution:
Step 1: Sentence: The ten’s digit of a number is three times the one’s digit.
Assign variables:
x + 3x = 8
x + 3x = 8
Isolate variable x
4x = 8
x=2
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Solution:
Step 1: Set up a rtd table.
r t d
bus
car
If the bus is traveling at 50 mph and the car is traveling at 55mph, in how
many hours will they be 210 miles apart?
r t d
bus 50 t
car 55 t
r t d
bus 50 t 50t
car 55 t 55t
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105t = 210
Isolate variable t
Solution:
Step 1: Set up a rtd table.
r t d
Case 1
Case 2
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r t d
Case 1 40 t
Case 2 30 7–t
r t d
Case 1 40 t 40t
Case 2 30 7 – t 30(7 – t)
Step 4: Since the distances traveled in both cases are the same, we get the
equation:
40t = 30(7 – t)
Isolate variable t
70t = 210
40t = 120
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Example3:
Flying against a headwind, Abby Lee took 5.5 hours to fly 2750 km to Cebu
City. With no wind change in the wind, the return flight took 5 hours. What
is the wind speed and the speed of the plane?
Solution:
y= wind speed
PLANE r t d
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Step 2:
5.5
(x + y = 550) + (x – y = 500)
2x = 1050
x= 525
Example4:
Solution:
y= current
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BOAT r t d
(x+y=8) + (x-y=4)
2x = 12
x=6
Step 4: SUBSTITUTE THE VALUE OF X IN THE EQUATION
x+y=8
6+y=8
y=2
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Example5:
A bus traveling at an average rate of 50 kilometers per hour made the trip to
town in 6 hours. If it had traveled at 45 kilometers per hour, how many
more minutes would it have taken to make the trip?
Solution:
Step 1: Set up a rtd table.
r t d
Case 1
Case 2
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A bus traveling at an average rate of 50 kilometers per hour made the trip to
town in 6 hours. If it had traveled at 45 kilometers per hour, how many
more minutes would it have taken to make the trip?
r t d
Case 1 50 6
Case 2 45 t
r t d
Case 1 50 6 50 × 6 = 300
Case 2 45 t 45t
Step 4: Since the distances traveled in both cases are the same, we get the
equation:
45t = 300
Isolate variable t
Step 5: Beware - the question asked for “how many more minutes would it
have taken to make the trip”, so we need to deduct the original 6 hours
taken.
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Example6 :
Solution:
Step 1: Set up a rtd table.
r t d
Case 1
Case 2
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r t d
Case 1 40 t
Case 2 30 7–t
Step 3: Fill in the values for d using the formula d = rt
r t d
Case 1 40 t 40t
Case 2 30 7–t 30(7 – t)
Step 4: Since the distances traveled in both cases are the same, we get the
equation:
40t = 30(7 – t)
Isolate variable t
70t = 210
40t = 120
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John has 20 ounces of a 20% of salt solution, How much salt should he add
to make it a 25% solution?
Solution:
concentration
amount
John has 20 ounces of a 20% of salt solution. How much salt should he add
to make it a 25% solution?
concentration
0.2 1 0.25
amount x 20 + x
20
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Amount 20 x 20 + x
0.2 × 20 + 1 × x = 0.25(20 + x)
4 + x = 5 + 0.25x
Isolate variable x
x – 0.25x = 5 – 4
0.75x = 1
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John has 20 ounces of a 20% of salt solution. How much water should he
evaporate to make it a 30% solution?
Solution:
Step 1: Set up a table for water. The water is removed from the original.
original removed Result
concentration
Amount
John has 20 ounces of a 20% of salt solution. How much water should he
evaporate to make it a 30% solution?
amount 20 x 20 – x
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amount 20 x 20 – x
Isolate variable x
x – 0.7x = 16 – 14
0.3x = 2
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Solution:
Step 1: Set up a table for alcohol. The alcohol is replaced i.e. removed and
added.
concentration
amount
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amount 10 x x 10
Step 4: Since the alcohol solution is replaced, we need to subtract and add.
Isolate variable x
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How many pounds of chocolate worth $1.20 a pound must be mixed with
10 pounds of chocolate worth 90 cents a pound to produce a mixture worth
$1.00 a pound?
Solution:
cost
amount
amount 10 x x + 10
amount 10 x x + 10
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Isolate variable x
1.2x – x = 10 - 9
0.2x = 1
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i = prt
i represents the interest earned
p represents the principal which is the number of dollars invested
t represents the time the money is invested which is generally stated in
years or fractions of a year.
A=p+i
A represents what your investment is worth if you consider the total
amount of the original investment (p) and the interest earned (i)
Example1:
James needs interest income of $5,000. How much money must he invest
for one year at 7%? (Give your answer to the nearest dollar)
Solution:
5,000 = p(0.07)1
p = 71,428.57
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d = rt
where d = distance, r = rate and t = time.
Example1:
John and Philip who live 14 miles apart start at noon to walk toward each
other at rates of 3 mph and 4 mph respectively. In how many hours will
they meet?
Solution:
r t d
John 3 x 3x
Philip 4 x 4x
3x + 4x = 14
7x = 14
x=2
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Example2:
In still water, Peter’s boat goes 4 times as fast as the current in the river.
He takes a 15-mile trip up the river and returns in 4 hours. Find the rate of
the current.
Solution:
r t d
down river 4x + x 15 / 5x 15
up river 4x - x 15 / 3x 15
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For example,
If we want to find out what is the fifth term then we get the remainder of 5
÷ 3, which is 2.
The fifth term is then the same as the second term, which is y.
Example1:
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Solution:
Step 2: To find the 45th term, get the remainder for 45 ÷ 4, which is 1
Step 3: The 45th term is the same as the 1st term, which is 2
Example2:
Solution:
Method 1:
The fastest way to solve this would be if you notice that the pattern:
6 × 2 + 1 = 13
13 × 2 + 1 =27
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Method 2:
If you were not able to see the pattern then you can come with two
equations and then solve for n.
6m + n =13 (equation 1)
13m + n = 27 (equation 2)
Isolate n in equation 1
n = 13 – 6m
13m + 13 – 6m = 27
7m = 14
m=2
6(2) + n = 13
n=1
Answer: n=1
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For example,
If two pencils cost $1.50, how many pencils can you buy with $9.00?
The main difficulty with this type of question is to figure out which values
to divide and which values to multiply.
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For example,
If two pencils cost $1.50, how many pencils can you buy with $9.00?
as
Example 1:
Jane ran 100 meters in 15 seconds. How long did she take to run 1 meter?
Example 2:
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Example 3:
A car travels 125 miles in 3 hours. How far would it travel in 5 hours?
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Example4:
It takes 4 men 6 hours to repair a road. How long will it take 7 men to do
the job if they work at the same rate?
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Ratio problems are word problems that use ratios to relate the
different items in the question.
Solution:
Cross Multiply
3 × 120 = 4 × x
360 = 4x
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Isolate variable x
Example 2:
Solution:
Assign variables:
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Direct Variation
There are many situations in our daily lives that involve direct
variation.
or y = kx where k ≠ 0
Example3:
Solution:
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y= x
y= = 27
Example4:
The cost of a taxi fare (C) varies directly as the distance (D) travelled.
When the distance is 60 km, the cost is $35. Find the cost when the
distance is 95 km.
Solution:
35 = 60k ⇒k =
Therefore, C = D
C= 55.42
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The figure below shows a rectangular solid with a fixed volume. Express
its width, w, as a joint variation in terms of its length, l, and height, h.
Solution:
Answer: In other words, the longer the length l or the height h, the
narrower is the width w.
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Solution:
Answer: In other words, the longer the distance or the shorter the time,
the faster is the speed.
Example7:
Solution:
3 × 8 = k ⇒ k = 24
The equation is xy = 24
b) When x = 10, 10 × y = 24 ⇒ y =
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Example:
Solution:
i.e. yx2 = k
b) When x = 3,
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This formula can be extended for more than two persons. It can
also be used in problems that involve pipes filling up a tank.
Example 1:
Peter can mow the lawn in 40 minutes and John can mow the lawn in 60
minutes. How long will it take for them to mow the lawn together?
Solution:
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Answer: The time taken for both of them to mow the lawn together is 24
minutes.
Example 1:
Jane, Paul and Peter can finish painting the fence in 2 hours. If Jane does
the job alone she can finish it in 5 hours. If Paul does the job alone he can
finish it in 6 hours. How long will it take for Peter to finish the job alone?
Solution:
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Answer: The time taken for Peter to paint the fence alone is hours.
Example 1:
A tank can be filled by pipe A in 3 hours and by pipe B in 5 hours. When the
tank is full, it can be drained by pipe C in 4 hours. if the tank is initially
empty and all three pipes are open, how many hours will it take to fill up the
tank?
Solution:
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