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WeldDesignwith Symbols PDF
WeldDesignwith Symbols PDF
Specification
Jim Glancey, PE
Depts. of Bioresources Engineering
& Mechanical Engineering
University of Delaware
jglancey@udel.edu
http://udel.edu/~jglancey
1000 ft
4 in
1/4”
6 in
1
Factors in Weld Design
Static Strength
Stress (σ)
L
F yield ultimate
= (tensile)
A
F
∆L
Strain (ε) = L
2
Shear Strength
3
Static Strength of Welds
Butt
F
F F Normal = w*h
F
1/8
Shear = w*h
3/8
75o
Fillet
1/4
F
F Max Normal = 0.618w * h
2F
F F
Max Shear =
0.707w * h
h = throat size!
Butt
1/8
3/8
75o
Fillet
1/4
4
Fatigue Strength
Static Tensile Strength
Fatigue Endurance
Strength Limit
Low High
Cycle Cycle Infinite
Life
1 1000 1,000,000
Cycles of Loading
5
Endurance Limit
I For Steel:
• Endurance Limit = 0.5 * Tensile Strength
or 100 kpsi, which ever is lower.
I For Aluminum:
• No endurance limit (cannot have an infinite
life)
6
Factors for Fatigue Stress Analysis
7
Strength Considerations
8
Effects of Welding on Metallurgy
9
Reducing Distortion
I Prevent overwelding
I Intermittent welding
I Minimize number of passes
I Place welds near the neutral axis of the part
I Balance welds around the neutral axis
I Anticipate shrinkage forces
I Residual stress relief
10
Neutral Axis
11
12
13