Balmes, Chaira Faith

LUNA GOCO COLLEGES, INC.

HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM

SY 2018-2019
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Put your full name (family name first) in the upper right-hand corner of the document containing your
answers.
2. Please be concise and direct-to-the –point when responding to essay-type questions, Although no limit is
given to the number of words you can have in your responses to these questions, no extra points will be given
for efforts in going-around-the bush.
3. Submit your answers to francismclear@gmail.com one in PDF and the other in WORD. The PDF file will be
for filing purposes while the WORD file is where comments to your answers will be placed. Make sure that the
contents of the PDF and WORD files are exactly the same.
4. The due date for this is on 5:00 PM, February 19, 2019 Tuesday Philippine Standard Time. Although late
submissions will still be accepted, they will be subject to penalties.

Questions:
1. What are the aspects of data quality? How can you say that your data is in good quality?
Data quality refers to the degree to which the data represents reality. Data quality is a perception or
an assessment of data's fitness to serve its purpose in a given context. The more the data mirrors the actual
state of a situation, the stronger the data can be considered. Data quality means that the data does reflect
the real world. The quality of data is determined by its following aspects:
Accuracy. Also known as validity. Accurate data are considered correct; the data measure what they are
intended to measure. Accurate data minimize error (e.g., recording or interviewer bias, transcription error,
sampling error) to a point of being negligible.
Reliability. The data generated by a program’s information system are based on protocols and procedures
that do not change according to who is using them and when or how often they are used. The data are
reliable because they are measured and collected consistently.
Completeness. An information system from which the results are obtained is appropriately inclusive. It
represents the complete list of eligible persons or units and not just a fraction of the list.
Precision. The degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same results.
Timeliness. Data are timely when they are up-to-date (current) and when the information is available on
time. Timeliness is affected by; the rate at which the information system is updated, the rate of change of
actual program activities and when the information is actually used or required.
Integrity. Data generated by an information system are protected from accidental manipulation or
deliberate bias and/or manipulation for political or personal reasons.
Data can be considered as in good quality if it meets and contain all the aspects of data quality. Data
can generally be considered as in good quality if it is fit for its intended uses in operations, decision making
and planning. Alternatively, data is deemed ofgood quality if it correctly represents the real-world
construct to which it refers.
2. When and how is data quality assess?
Assessment of data quality is the process of scientifically and statistically evaluating data in order to
determine whether they meet the quality required for projects or business processes and are of the right
type and quantity to be able to actually support their intended use. It aims to identify incorrect data, to
estimate the impact on the business processes, and to implement corrective action. Data quality can be
assessed at any three points in time: before, during, or after data collection. Before - form design, staff
training on data collection and data quality, during - check data entry for completeness and accuracy, after
- gauge the completeness, timeliness, and accuracy of collected data. Some assessments will look at
different aspects of data quality during these periods. For instance, a form’s design can be assessed before
data is collected to determine if it supports the reliable collection of correct data.
This assessment method are used in formal data quality assurance and data quality control activities.
What, when, and how data quality is assessed usually indicates whether national or program-specific data
quality assurance or data quality control procedures are being followed. For instance, formal data quality
assurance activities, such as data quality audits, take place periodically (quarterly, semi-annually,
annually, etc.). They typically involve assessing data at multiple sites and administrative levels in order
to identify system-related issues or problems. These activities use a set of data quality indicators for each
aspect of data quality as well as specific data quality assessment or audit tools to measure the quality of
data.

3. What users and managers can do to improve data quality?

Users can improve data quality by performing the following guidelines:
 Check data entry before saving the form
 Check that the correct patient record is open before entering data
 Flag paper forms with missing or inaccurate data
 Alert providers or others to complete or correct data when errors are detected
 Collect data using established and consistent protocols and procedures
 Respect time schedules for data entry and reporting as indicated in your facility’s SOPs
 Give feedback and discuss data quality during review meetings, routine staff meetings and CMEs
 Make user manuals and SOPs accessible to staff using the EMR system
Data Managers are those who have the responsibility for correcting the errors that no longer lies with the
user. In addition to the actions taken by users, those who manage data quality may:
 Create a quality assurance plan
 Visually inspect completed forms
 Run EMR system data quality reports to identify missing data
 Make data quality reports available to users
 Routinely (daily, weekly) check EMR system data against a random selection of paper forms
 Correct inaccurate data and fill in incomplete data detected
 Control user correction of data errors
 Give feedback of data quality results and recommendations
 Resolve identified causes of data errors, such as merging duplicate patient records
 Implement identified system changes
 Communicate with users

4. What is the relationship between good quality data and decision making?
Data quality plays an essential role in evidence-based decision making.The quality of the data that is
collected, stored, and managed by an health information system has an impact on the quality of the data
that is reported, analyzed, and used for decision making. Good data quality is important because it is
needed by an individual/management to determine accurate and timely information to manage services
and accountability, good information to handle and perform effective service and to prioritize and ensure
the best use of resources that will lead to a appropriate and standardized outome. Strong/good data quality
supports strong decision making, leading to an increased demand for data.
Good quality data for decision making can result for a good data entry, data quality control, and
assurance mechanisms. Good quality data is determined by optimizing the completeness, reliability and
consistency, accuracy, precision, integrity and timeliness of the data collected. If an
individual/management can have an access and follow the best practices of ensuring high/good data
quality, then an individual or a company can be confident and improve their operational processes and
organizational visibility through informed, data-driven decision.