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Water Pinch PDF
Water Pinch PDF
WATER PINCH
¨ Low quality water could be used in the initial stages, and high-
quality water used in the final stages. There are many examples
when water with some level of certain contaminants is acceptable
for use rather than using the highest quality water.
Regeneration - Reuse
¨ Regeneration is a term used to describe any treatment
process that regenerates the quality of water such that
it is acceptable for further use.
Process Integration
Water Pinch
Mass Exchange Network
Water Pinch
¨ Water pinch is a systematic technique
¤ foranalyzing water networks
¤ identifying projects to increase the efficient use of water in
industrial processes.
• Data Extraction
Step 2
• Data Extraction
Step 2
• Data Extraction
Step 2
Water Source???
Definition of water source and sink
Water Source and Sink
Technical Constraints
Limiting water data
Flowrate vs load composite
• Data Extraction
Step 2
Fresh Water
PINCH
Water recovery Waste
Water
Less or Over Integration
Water Cascade Analysis Technique
Water Cascade Table
= FC*ΔC
FFW = 0 0+(-0.4) = 0+(-4)
Feasible Water Cascade
General form of Cascade Table
Significant of the pinch region
¨ Region above the pinch:
¤ Require FW
¤ Most constrained part of the network à control overall
flowrate targets
¨ Region below the pinch:
¤ Water sources>demand à WW is produced
¤ Total mass load surplus> total mass load deficit
Significant of pinch point
¨ The pinch point:
¤ Always located at the pinch causing source
¤ The point where the source switches from being below a demand
(i.e. deficit) to being above a demand (i.e. surplus)
¤ Part of the source at the pinc is included in the region above the
pinch and belongs to the region below it
¨ Some golden rules
¤ Water sources above the pinch (including FW) may not feed to
demand below the pinch & may not also mix with the sources that
are below the pinch concentration.
¤ The source at the pinch is an exception, as part of it belongs to
the region below the pinch.
Pinch Causing Stream
Water Network Design
¨ Feed the cleanest demand with the cleanest water
sources
¨ Constraints for the network design between source, i and
demand, j
¤ Demands;
n Flowrate
n Concentration
¤ Sources;
n Flowrate
¨ Arrange stream in ascending of C values
¤ S = Supply
¤ D = demand
m = FC
Polley & Polley Example
20 t/h 30 t/h
35 t/h
F = 50 t/h Δm = 1000 g/h Δm = 1500 g/h
Δm = 3500 g/h
C = 50 ppm
S1
Δm = 2500 g/h
10 t/h 50 t/h
Δm = 1000 g/h Δm = 5000 g/h
F = 100 t/h 40 t/h
S2 C = 100 ppm Δm = 4000 g/h
Δm = 10000 g/h
S1 F = 50 t/h
C = 50 ppm
Δm = 2500 g/h