Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
DESIGN 8:
BINHANGGANI:
Monte, Bulacan
PROPOSED BY:
KAREN NARDO
BS ARCHITECTURE 4-2
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1. Background of the Study………………………………………….….………………5
1.2. Statement of the Problem……………………………………….……………….……6
1.3. Goal and Objectives…………………………………………….……………….……7
1.4. Scope and Delimitation…………………………………………………….…………7
1.5. Justification of the Study………………………………………………………..……8
1.6. Definition of Terms……………………………………………………..….......…9-12
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3.3. Micro Site Data and Analysis
3.3.1. Technical Site Data…………………….….………................................…31
3.3.2 Topographical and Surface Drainage Analysis………………...…….….…32
3.3.4. Visual Analysis Map…………………….….………...…………………...33
3.3.5. Micro- climate Map…………………….….…………………………...…34
3.3.6. Noise Analysis Map……………….…….….……….............................…35
3.3.7. Summary of Site Analysis…………………….….……………….........…36
3.3.8. SWOT Analysis……………………………………………………......37-40
3.4. User Data and Analysis
3.4.1. Estimated data of Expected Users…………………….………….………..41
3.4.2. Organizational Chart…………………….….………..............................…42
3.4.3. Behavioral Pattern…………………….….……………………..….…...…43
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Chapter 7 Design Framework
5.1. Design Philosophy…………………….……………………………....………….…64
5.2. Design concept…………………….….……………..…...…………………...……..65
5.3. Sub- Concept
5.3.1. From Concept……………………………………………………………..65
5.3.2. Function Concept…………………………………………………...…….66
5.3.3. Time Concept……………………………………………………………...67
5.3.4. Economy Concept………………………………………………………....68
5.4. Style Guiding Principles
5.4.1. General Architectural Character…………………………………..………69
5.4.2. Styles to be Adapted………………………………………………………70
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………….…………………………………………...…74-92
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Rice is an edible starchy cereal grain. It comes from a grass specie Oryza sativa, an annual
grass of Graminae family. Around half of the world’s population eat rice, where mostly of these
comes from the East and Southeast Asia whom they consider this crop as staple food. 95% of the
This plant grows about to 1.2 metres (4 feet) in height. It has long and flattened leaves with
panicle made of spikelets bearing flowers that produces grain. It is mostly grown on submerged
land in coastal plains, tidal deltas, and river basins of tropical, semitropical, and temperate regions.
The process of farming rice usually starts with seeds, which are sown in prepared beds and
will rest for 25 to 50 days old. These will soon be transferred or transplanted to a paddy field,
enclosed by levees and submerged in water for under 5 to 10 cm or 2 to 4 inches. (The Editors of
In todays’ generation, more than hundreds of countries started to grow and harvest rice
with farmlands for about 158 million hectares, with 700 million tons of harvest annually. 90% of
these comes from Asian countries, with 640 million tons of harvested rice; followed by the Latin
America, which produces rice for approximate value of 24 million tons; and Sub Saharan Africa,
with 19 million tons harvested rice. (The International Rice Research Institute, 2017)
The Philippines is the 8 largest producer of rice in the world, with an arable land of 5.4
th
million hectares, and 4.4 million hectares of rice area harvested. However, merely 69% of these
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are irrigated, and the rest are probably rainfed. From those areas, 71% of these rice is only
Annually, 10% of the rice consumption in the Philippines are imported from the countries
Thailand and Vietnam. And in 2010 and 2011, the country was ranked as the largest rice importer
with 2.38 million tons of rice, which are mostly produced by the said country. (Maclean, Hardy,
Among the regions in the Philippines, the Central Luzon has the most irrigated rice
farmland. This region is known to be the nation’s rice bowl, for it contributes about 18,7% of the
total rice production. Its provinces were acclaimed as one of the fastest gains in the rice industry
with production increase of 2.8% from 2010 to 2015. (Department of Agriculture. Philippine Rice
Despite the nation’s ranking for the largest rice producer, shortcomings for the needs of
the farmlands, and farmland planning are still undeniable, which can affect the production. The
study aims to uplift the economy through problem identification, which are to be resolved
architecturally.
There is a common set-up in the Philippines, where the research facility are far from the
farmlands which are also parted from the rest. Farming process facilities that can cause an effect
Sub-problem 1: What are the facilities needed for a complete process of rice production from
research to distribution?
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Sub-problem 2: What are the innovations needed for a complete process of rice production from
research to distribution?
The findings of this study will benefit the society of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan since
rice is a staple food in the Philippines and comes deeply with our Filipino culture.
Goal: To design a self-sustained farm where research facility and post-farm process are provided
in one site.
Objective 1: To research and gather information and data relating to the facilities needed in the
Objective 2: To analyze the past studies and similar cases that can be useful for the proposal
Objective 3: To design a self-sustained farm with research facility for better rice cultivation &
The scope of the study includes crops no other than rice, process of trading & distribution
of crops, and innovations that can be applied for the proposal which are architecturally related.
The study will limit the proposal concerning about the economic status rice in the
Philippines, research methods & systems available in the Philippines relating to rice farming
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process, and market place where the product will be distributed. The date limit regarding the case
studies are facts as much as possible, should not exceed 5 year span.
Location Theory- Least Profit Approach of Alfred Weber, where the raw material, manufacturer,
In actual, rice research centers, farming schools, rice farms, and rice post-harvest facilities
are all already existing, merely this study focuses on giving these facilities direct connection with
The purpose of the study gives highlights the following roles: the rice research center
mainly contributes on maximizing rice in terms of innovations; certain innovations will be shared
to the farming school, with educational benefits for the farmers and future farmers; the rice farm
itself, where the innovations and the farmers’ knowledge and skills will be applied; and the post-
harvesting facilities that will give these farmers the opportunity to directly sell their very own
product to the market. In addition, it will give them profit much more than the usual income of
farmers in a common scenario. The design of the houses provided is for the proper settlement of
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
different conducting regions. Due to its mechanical resistance, high dielectric strength, and
selectivity for chemical modification, amorphous silica has also become a key material in
Carbon neutral- having a net zero carbon footprint, refers to achieving net zero carbon emissions
offset, or buying enough carbon credits to make up the difference. It is used in the context of
carbon dioxide releasing processes, associated with transportation, energy production and
collaborations across disciplines. Jeanne Gang expresses her emotions imaginatively and
beautifully through Architecture, through her design solutions that undergone careful research.
Cultivation- There are two types of cultivation, in extensive cultivation, the farmer uses old
methods of cultivation. On the other hand, in intensive cultivation, he uses improved methods of
cultivation like better seeds, fertilisers, timely crop rotation and irrigation, modern tools and
implements, etc.
FTIC (Farmers’ Training and Information Center) - provide information on new farming
Industrial Location Theory- Alfred Weber formulated a theory of industrial location in which an
industry is located where the transportation costs of raw materials and final product is a minimum.
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He singled out two special cases. In one the weight of the final product is less than the weight of
the raw material going into making the product. This is the weight losing case. In the other the
final product is heavier than the raw material that require transport. Usually this is a case of some
ubiquitous (everywhere available) raw material such as water being incorporated into the product.
LED- Stands for "Light-Emitting Diode." An LED is an electronic device that emits light when
an electrical current is passed through it. Early LEDs produced only red light, but modern LEDs
can produce several different colors, including red, green, and blue (RGB) light. Recent advances
in LED technology have made it possible for LEDs to produce white light as well.
Rice Bowl- A large area where wheat grows well; an area where rice is grown extensively and
Rice Fortification- Fortification is the practice of deliberately increasing the content of an essential
micronutrient, i.e. vitamins and minerals (including trace elements) in a food, so as to improve the
nutritional quality of the food supply and provide a public health benefit with minimal risk to health.
Rice- Rice can be fortified by adding a micronutrient powder to the rice that adheres to the grains or
spraying of the surface of ordinary rice grains in several layers with a vitamin and mineral mix to form a
protective coating. Rice can also be extruded and shaped into partially precooked grain-like structures
resembling rice grains, which can then be blended with natural polished rice. Rice kernels can be fortified
with several micronutrients, such as iron, folic acid and other B-complex vitamins, vitamin A and zinc.
Rice husk- Rice husk, also called rice hull, is the coating on a seed or grain of rice. It is formed
from hard materials, including silica and lignin, to protect the seed during the growing season.
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Each kg of milled white rice results in roughly 0.28 kg of rice husk as a by-product of rice
Carbon neutral green- (Adjective) having or resulting in no net addition of carbon dioxide to the
Coaxing- (Noun) persistent gentle persuasion; gently and persistently persuade (someone) to do
Lyricism- (Noun) an artist's expression of emotion in an imaginative and beautiful way; the quality
of being lyrical.
Cultivation - (Noun) the action of cultivating land, or the state of being cultivated; the process of
Delta- (noun) the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet ( Δ, δ ), transliterated as ‘d’; the fourth (usually
fourth brightest) star in a constellation; a code word representing the letter D, used in radio
communication; a difference between two things or values; a change or set of changes made to a
Farming- (Noun) the activity or business of growing crops and raising livestock.
LED- (Noun) a semiconductor diode that emits light when a voltage is applied to it and that is used
Paddy- (Noun) a field where rice is grown; rice before threshing or in the husk; a fit of temper.
Rice bowl- (Noun) a dish out of which rice is eaten; an area in which abundant quantities of rice
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(Rice) fortification- (Noun) an act or process of fortifying; something that fortifies, defends, or
(Rice) husk- (Noun) a usually dry or membranous outer covering (such as a pod or one composed
of bracts) of various seeds and fruits (such as barley and corn) : HULL; a carob pod; an outer layer;
Staple- (noun) a small wire both ends of which are driven through layers of thin and easily
penetrable material (such as paper) and usually clinched to hold the layers together; a town used
as a center for the sale or exportation of commodities in bulk; a place of supply; the sustaining or
principal element.
Swale- (Noun) a low or hollow place, especially a marshy depression between ridges.
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CHAPTER 2: SYSTEMS OF RESEARCH/DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES
(METHODOLOGY)
Research design covers a comprehensive description of the scheme or plan on how the
research will be conducted. It includes effective methods of research in order to attain the main
This study shall use a combination of Qualitative and Quantitative method in finding the
solution to the problem. The two methodologies shall be considered appropriate to the study and
From the chosen project proposal, the researcher uses the method of Qualitative Method
in obtaining data regarding every aspect of the design. Qualitative Method is used by the
researcher, because for her this is the most reliable kind of research method that she can use. This
method gives the overall relationship of the chosen topic/study, it is 100 percent perfect in terms
of gathering data, answering most questions needed by the researcher and it can give the most
Before the researcher starts the gathering of data, the first thing to do is to identify the
problem, identify its background and other things related to the study. After identifying the
problem, formulation of the objectives should be next, from general to more specific ones, stating
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2.3 Subject of the Study
COMMUNITY” has several subjects of the study. Because this will serve as a gateway, the main
users of the project will be the local famers of Dulong Bayan in San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan. The
project is studied together with the use of building by the people, the experience of the subjects.
There were different research techniques that the analyst utilized. Mapping, site
visits, site analysis and archived materials are only some of them. Through these, the
The researchers gathered information the Municipality of San Jose Del Monte to
pick the site that is more advantageous and suitable to the said venture. This kind of
research is essential on the grounds that the assembled information through this can't
be obtained through some other way. Information on location including wind and light
heading, existing water element and different things ought to be considered by the
researcher.
b. Archived Materials
The researcher should start gathering the data that will be a solution to the issue
and will fulfill the objectives formulated. The data gathered were taken from an archive
of information from journals, books, and electronic media. These are the fundamental
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c. World Wide Web
materials whether published or unpublished. In view of the data innovation age, inquire
about through web is extremely useful, effectively available and has a high possibility
After gathering all the data, it will then be analyzed. The researcher then studies and
evaluates its significance to the project, and them uses it in forming a solution to the problem.
Sorting of analyzed data will follow before the preparation of the final data. After the final data
has been gathered, analysis will again make. Synthesis of the analyzed data will take place, creating
major and minor problems. From these problems will derive the design concepts and philosophy.
Miscellaneous topic and computation arise. After all the data and preliminary drawings are
questionnaires to the project users or people concerned in the study. After the researcher gathered
the answers from the questionnaires, they evaluated and analyzed the answers and used in the
studies.
In the Philippines, there is no other food widely used as rice. For Filipinos, rice is the country’s
staple food and is more than a food itself that come deeply with historical and numerous cultural values
that is within Filipino culture. During 1970s until early 1980s, the Philippines has been able to produce
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sufficient amount of rice needed for its country. But according to World Rice Statistics, the Philippines was
the biggest importer of rice in the world for about 1.8 million tons of rice into the country. Thus the demand
According to Flordeliza H. Bordey, Piedad F. Moya, Jesusa C. Beltran, David C. Dawe (2016) in
the book entitled “Competitiveness of Philippines Rice in Asia”, since Philippines is one of the major rice
importer, we can be competitive regarding to the quality of rice we produce compared to imported rice to
lessen rice imports since lower class citizens of the country won’t be able to afford it due to added costs. In
the book entitled “Rice and Risk Decision making among low-income farmers”, Roumasset, J. A. now
discussed the decision-making under certainty by small rice-farmers in order to improve the rice quality by
risky techniques, contractual choice and metayage, risk of investment in nitrogen fertilizer,
optimum fertilizer rates and the role of risk in the demand for fertilizer and implications for
agricultural policy while Amber Heckelman, Sean Smukler, and Hannah Wittman under Cambridge
University Press also studied about climate resilience of agriculture in the Philippines since
Philippines is said to be the most affected by climate change and also since we experience unusual
climate disturbance, and high population density and high dependency on agriculture in order to
know how are can design an effective project for rice development. Because of these continuous
demand of rice supply Luz M. De-Regil, Juan Pablo Pe˜na-Rosas, Arnaud Laillou, and Regina Moench-
Pfanner (2014) said that fortification of staple foods and commonly used condiments with vitamins
and minerals which is considered as one of the most cost- effective interventions to prevent and
control micronutrient. Because of wide local consumption, the World Health organization (WHO)
includes rice fortification with micronutrients. The industrial and regulatory technical
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Though rice cultivation is needed so as rice production, since according to the book entitled
“An Overview of Global Rice Production, Supply, Trade, and Consumption” (2014) there is an
impact between consumer and production ratio since it has its effects on widespread poverty and
other global health issue and the application of technology and the actions of the world trade on
the food commodities, that serve as control and response to the world wide rice issue and crisis
where we should be aware of, like in Kenya which is according to the book “Production and
Marketing of rice in Kenya: Challenges and Opportunities” (2002-2018) that there is an the
positive impact of rice farming on increasing household food security, raising farmer’s income as
well as reducing risks in the years of poor weather conditions in Kenya since the demand for rice
in Kenya outstrips its production, a gap that is filled through imports. Thus, increase of rice
production and productivity in Kenya was badly needed. They believed that in order to integrate,
promote and upgrade their existing agribusiness; there is need for the rice entrepreneurs to have
easy access to financial services that will provide sustainable funds and in order to meet the rice
demand in Kenya which can be applied in the Philippines to help the farmers to integrate, promote
The research has the sole purpose of providing a design that will help rice farmers and
agriculture. Four of the best ways in achieving it is to provide applied knowledge, education, labor,
and a community that will bind them together. Similar to the values that the Gawad Kalinga
Enchanted Farm did, in order to help local farmers and to create wealth on the countryside, the
raise of social entrepreneurship is a must, together with the advantage of the country’s abundancy
with natural resources. The GK Enchanted Farm actually gave the poor and the farmers
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Envisioning a life harmonized with nature is the key solution of Nur Hikmah Kindergarten.
This pre-school located their building along-side the rice field, and it had brought spirit to the
teachers and children, motivating them to take care of the environment. This design and space
allocation does not only bring peace and respect to the nature, but it also helps the school to
This is similar to the idea of the Shenyang Architectural University Camp, where its
campus is located within the rice fields. According to an American Society of Landscape
Architecture jury, this project is both productive and beautiful landscape. Bringing agriculture to
the landscape targets to have a great impact on environment for learning, and it otherwise exposed
culture to the students, given that the China is the primary rice exporters in the world. These two
different school aims to create an awareness to the students and children, the future of this planet,
In order to fulfill the goal of contributing to agriculture and rice farming in particular, a
research institute facility will be provided. The Philippine Rice Research Institute has succeeded
on this, for they have discovered several innovations that will be helpful for this field. The PhilRice
did not only provide equipment and facilities, but they also continue to give trainings and support
Filipino researchers who are soon will contribute to the field of biotechnology. The research
institute facility is consequential in terms of maximizing the richness of the nation’s natural
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CHAPTER 4: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
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3.2 MACRO SITE DATA
province, it is bordered by the cities of Caloocan and Quezon of Metro Manila in the south, by the
town of Rodriguez, Rizal in the east, the towns of Santa Maria and Marilao in the west
The city is home to some of the biggest resettlement areas in the Philippines like the Sapang
Palay resettlement area spread over 36 Barangays, Pabahay 2000 in Barangay Muzon and
Towerville in Barangay Minuyan Proper. Most of the city's population come from former informal
settlers along the creeks, esteros, riverbanks and railway tracks of Metro Manila. (San Jose del
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3.2.2. PHYSICAL PROFILE
3.2.2.1. Topography
Table 2. The table shows the distribution of Slope classes and Areas across the Barangays of Bulacan San Jose del Monte,Bulacan
CLUP, 2017)
The elevation of the City ranges from approximately 40 to 900 meters above sea level; the
relief transitions from warm lowland to cool upland as one goes eastward. This is because the
City is part of the Sierra Madre mountain range. Plains and river valley flats characterize the
western and southwestern quadrant of the City. The central portion and much of its eastern
section is made up of undulating hills with low relief. High relief areas and moderate slopes best
describe its extreme eastern and northwestern quadrant (see Table 2).
Slopes of three to eight percent (3-8%) are extensively found in the City, particularly on the
western half of the area. Slopes of 30 to 50% comprise the smallest portion of the total land area
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3.2.2.2. Geology
The general geology underlying the plains, hills, and mountains of the area are a
combination of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Various types of igneous rocks
from the Oligocene and Paleocene dominate the eastern part of the City. Towards the center are
sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Finally, recent alluvium from sedimentation is more common
towards the west part of the City; this alluvium is usually variants of silt loam and clay loam.
In particular, the geology is composed of seven different rock formations that range from
Recent to Cretaceous-Paleogene. These are namely: fuviatile alluvium, marine and terrestrial
sediments, marine clastics, compacted fine to coarse limestone, reworked pyroclastics, submarine
basaltic to andesitic flows, and andesite/basalt flows in sequence. Reworked pyroclastics comprise
the biggest geologic land area of the City or about 40.87% of its total land area. On the other hand,
marine and terrestrial sediments comprise the second largest or about 40.62% of the City’s total
land area. Limestone deposits in Barangay Minuyan comprise the smallest land area of rock
3.2.2.3. Soil
Pedologic surveys identified three major soil series/categories for City of San Jose Del
Monte. These broad categories include the Novaliches Clay Loam, Novaliches Loam, and the
Sibul Clay. The Novaliches Clay Loam is extensively distributed and covers almost 75% of the
land area. About 20% of the land area is covered by Novaliches Loam, which may be found along
the relatively flat areas in the western section. Sibul Clay coincides with limestone deposits in
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Table 3. The table shows the distribution of Slope, Areas, Percent Distribution and Crops/ Vegetation for San Jose,
Bulacan (San Jose del Monte, Bulacan CLUP, 2017)
On the other hand, record from the Province through PPDO-GIS Division shows about
37% of Kay Bamban clay series mapped in the city of San Jose Del Monte. Kay bamban series
clay classified as very fine, mixed isohyperthermic Typic Tropudalfs and was named after
barangay Kaybanban. It consists of deep well-drained clayey soils that occur on rolling to steep
moderately dissected volcanic foothills and ridges of the hilly landscape. Vegetative cover consists
of orchard trees, diversified upland crops and native trees but the higher slopes (15-25%) are
mostly covered with grasses, brushes, and trees. After that is the Paradise Series, mostly in rolling
sedimentary hills with good drainage and low to medium natural fertility. These soils are primarily
under pasture grass. Some cultivated areas are grown to diversified crops and 34% of the city land
is covered by this soil. Other soil series such as Batia series are classified as fine , mixed Aquatic
Tropudalfs and consists of deep poorly drained fine clayey soils on nearly level to undulating
dissected tuffaceous piedmont footslopes. The surface soil is pale brown clay loam with yellowish
brown mottles, extending down to about 20 cm. 10% of land area covered the city. Novaliches,
mountains and sibul are the least in the table with 12%, 6%, 1% respectively covering the land of
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San Jose Del Monte. (The Soil of the Philippines by: Rodelio B. Carating, Raymundo Calanta and
Clarita Bacatio)(see Table 4). (San Jose del Monte,Bulacan CLUP, 2017)
Table 4. The table shows the distribution of Soil type in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan (San Jose del Monte, Bulacan CLUP,
2017)
3.2.2.4. Climate
In the Modified Corona Climate Classification System, the City is under the Type I climate.
This implies that the dry season of San Jose Del Monte, and the Province in general, is usually
from December to April. On the other hand, the wet season is from May to November. The dry
season usually coincides with cool weather while the wet season is associated with the tropical
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storms and afternoon thunderstorms. Out of all tropical cyclones that pass through the country
classification. This means that there is significant rainfall for the most of the year while the dry
season is relatively shorter than the wet season. With an average annual temperature of 27°C, the
City has mean monthly figures that range from 25.6°C in January and 29.6°C in May. The
climatological factors behind such temperature patterns produce 2,637 mm of annual precipitation
Graph 1. The graph shows the Climate Map of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan (San Jose del Monte, Bulacan CLUP, 2017)
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Graph 2. The graph shows the temperature of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan
Table 5. The table shows the average temperature of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan per Month (San Jose del Monte, Bulacan
CLUP, 2017)
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3.2.2.5. Natural Hazards
Flooding
According to the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB), the city is prone to two types of
geohazards: mass movement and flooding. On the other hand, flooding is more possible in the
northwestern portions of the city where the local drainage systems connected to the Sta. Maria
River traverse; these were classified by the MGB as “low to moderate susceptibility” areas, which
were highlighted in peach color. (San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan CLUP, 2017)
Landslides
The risk of mass movement in the form of landslides covers a large part of the city; the
level of susceptibility associated with the risk was classified by the MGB as “low susceptibility”,
which is highlighted in the map as the yellow-colored areas. Medium to high susceptibility to
landslides (green and red areas) become more common in the northern and eastern sections of the
In the Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ), the seismic situation of the city is greatly connected to
the dynamics of the Valley Fault System (VFS). The VFS runs from the Bulacan portion of the
Sierra Madre mountain range; through the National Capital Region (NCR); and southwards to the
provinces of Laguna, Cavite, and Batangas. According to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology
and Seismology, the fault system is due to move anytime with respect to historical records and
geological studies; an orange circle indicates the relative location of San Jose Del Monte.
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According to the Metro Manila Earthquake Impact Reduction Study (MMEIRS), in the
event of an earthquake along the fault system there shall be a great amount of destruction in Metro
Manila and surrounding cities and municipalities. The ground shaking and liquefaction that the
earthquake shall induce shall have immediate impacts such as loss of life and catastrophic
In relation to seismic movements such as earthquakes, the risk of ground ruptures and
ground shaking is particularly present in the city and surrounding areas. The potential ground
rupture areas are in the east part of the city, the ground-shaking hazard for the city is registered at
Destructive); this means that the earthquake can cause many well-built buildings to collapse. In
addition, bridges and other infrastructure will be severely damaged while cracks and large fissures
Other Hazards
With regard to erosion and siltation, these processes are more observable in the eastern
parts of the city – the hilly and mountainous areas of Barangays San Isidro, Paradise III, San
Roque, Tungkong Mangga, Ciudad Real, Kaybanban, Minuyan Proper, and Sto. Cristo. In those
areas, the combination of the effects of slope angle, lack of vegetative cover, and gravity intensify
the physical/mechanical weathering of the recent alluvium. The sediments are then transformed
into load and carried into the central and northeastern parts of the city towards the higher order
streams and water channels and intensify siltation. In these eastern parts of the city, land cover
change due to suburbanization is the dominant factor in inducing erosion. (San Jose Del Monte,
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3.2.3. CULTURAL
Growing commercial, residential, and light industrial areas, are found all over the
City at major road intersections and along major thoroughfares. However, the bulk of the City's
built-up areas are mostly located west of Quirino Highway at the primary level to gently sloping
08% terrain. Most of the City's schools, government institutions, commercial developments,
industries, and other urban amenities are located within this section. The largest contiguous built-
up area is located at the Sapang Palay Resettlement Project area, followed by the conurbation in
The clusters of built-up land uses found throughout the City are dominated by
residential uses such as those associated with gated communities, socialized housing, and row
houses. These clusters, together with the built-up areas located along primary and secondary
In between the built-up clusters are pockets of agricultural lands, which are
continuously converted into built-up uses. Planted in these agricultural lands are various crops
such as rice and corn. The clustering pattern for both built-up and agricultural uses is also partly
due to the decisions made by the settlers with regard to the hilly conditions that dominate the
City’s topography. Most households in the western half of the City opted to convert their lands
to residential uses while others maintained the farms. This left upland uses, such as those
pertaining to forest use, more common towards the easternmost zones of the City. (San Jose Del
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3.2.3.2. Public Infrastructure
The Infrastructure Sector of SJDM includes roads, bridges, drainage, sewerage, power, and
telecommunications. The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) is the national
government agency mandated to undertake the planning of said infrastructures. As such, DPWH
Regional Office in Bulacan (Region III) has two (2) regional offices to manage their respective
Engineering Districts; 1st and 2nd District Engineering Offices (DEO). The City of San Jose del
Monte belongs to the 2nd DEO, which also comprise Sta. Maria, Norzagaray, and other cities
located on the eastern portion of Bulacan province. The City Engineering Office of SJDM is the
office mandated to undertake infrastructure projects from the barangay to city level.
Roads and bridges are the vital elements in providing mobility, facilitating circulation and
movement in the city. Roads are classified from national roads where it has three subsections
according to Road Data of DPWH. Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Roads, to barangay roads.
National roads serve as linkages of the city to the other major cities and other major institutions.
Provincial Roads or Local Roads connect cities and municipalities without traversing National
Roads. Municipal and City Roads are roads within Poblacion and provide inter-barangay
connections to major municipal and city infrastructure without traversing Provincial Roads. Table
below summarizes the total length of the three road type traversing San Jose del Monte. (San Jose
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3.3. MICRO SITE DATA AND ANALYSIS
Microsite data shows the technical data and site analysis of the chosen site through
diagrams and maps. It includes the different environmental aspects of the site showing the relative
The proposed site in Dulong Bayan, San Jose Del Monte Bulacan have an irregular shaped
lot that has a total area of 384,276 square meters, or 3.84276 hectares (See Figure 2).
31
3.3.2. Topographical Analysis
The chosen site lies on a plain which is good for farming. It also has a sloped terrain area,
for most part of the site and since it is nearby the San Jose River which could be an advantage for
the proposed project and makes the designing of the site much easier. It also has exisitng trees
32
3.3.3. Visual Analysis Map
SUMMARY OF SWOT
The location of the person from the site shows the good and negative scenes from the
existing situation of the site. To the northeast direction of the site mostly located the residential
area and to the southeast direction of the site located the commercial areas, these vistas causes’
33
3.3.4. Micro- climate Analysis
The site face east from the major road, it is tilted in the manner that its longer sides
welcomes prevailing winds and catches most of the sunlight on one of the shorter sides which is a
34
3.3.6. Noise Analysis Map
The noise coming from the residential and commercial area produces moderate to heavy
noise while the noise coming from the San Jose River can be a good noise within the site and can
be considered as advantage for the proposed project. During busy/ peak hours, there is light to
moderate noise coming from vehicular, pedestrian, street vendors, etc. (See Figure 6).
35
3.3.6. Summary of Site Analysis
36
SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS
The area is bounded by roads, making it accessible to users and a service road going to the
site. Also, the site is surrounded by a rich vegetation and a river comparatively good condition of
environmental resources. Also, the site has a potential to provide the rice, fruits and vegetables
37
WEAKNESS
Aside from Lack of concrete roads, regular traffic congestion along intersections due to
their limited road capacity, as well as growth of commercial developments along them. And also,
38
OPPORTUNITY
The site surrounded of residential areas, thus it is advantagious in catchment of people and
churches and a nearby cooperative. In addition, there is a nearby electrical substation in the area
where it will be a big help to the project in rice production. Moreover, there is a near a river, the
San Jose Rive which will play a big role in irrigation of rice farming and surrounded by rich
vegetation which can help in the proponents’ edible rice production and farming. (See Figure 10).
39
THREATS
The site is vulnerable to people from the nearby schools, commercial spaces, residential,
government facilities, churches and a nearby cooperative. There is also a threat in security as it is
exposed to the people who have a bad intentions (See Figure 11).
40
USER DATA AND ANALYSIS
Formula 1:
2015 Ave. rice consumption per person = Total Rice in 2015 ÷ 2015 Philippine Population
Solution 2:
214.095 ⟌ 383,739
41
B. Organizational Structure
42
C. Behavioral Patterns
43
CHAPTER 5: ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
In this chapter, the identification of various elements necessary for the success of the
research will be further discussed. This chapter will also provide qualitatively and quantitatively
analyzation and identify the definition of the spaces and its interrelationships.
Knowing that the project is a rice farming and production facility, the proper designation
of needed zones are important. Thus, the proposed Mula Binhi Hanggang Ani (Research-to-Farm-
Circulation Zone- this refers to where the public, semi- private and private use will be categorized.
Outer Zone- this refers to the publicly used spaces like the cafeteria etc.
Secondary Zone- this refers to the general administrative services from public to semi-private use
Inner Zone- this refers to the research center, post farming and rice production with their own
stations
Agricultural Zone- this refers to the space where rice cultivation and production happens.
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5.1.1. Space Identification
Table 7. The table shows the spaces needed for each facilities
45
5.2. Graphical Spatial Translation
46
47
48
49
5.2.2. General Matrix Diagram
50
51
52
53
CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
Figure 13. The figure shows the difference between a wood masonry wall and brick masonry wall
Wood masonry structures date back at least 100 years, but contemporary masons have little
experience with wood. Through consultation with wood masonry experts, hands-on workshops,
material testing, and detailed design development, Arcus Center became the first institutional
application of the said technique. It can be a good material for rice storage facilities since it is
naturally insect- and rot-resistant. It is cut to length, and allowed to dry for more than a year before
construction. Together with rigid and spray foam insulation, the wood masonry provides a very
high-performance envelope. Because the wood was grown near the site and required minimal
processing and energy expenditure (thus sequestering more carbon dioxide than was emitted in its
production), the project's carbon emissions were significantly lower than traditional brick masonry
construction. The delta between a wood masonry and conventional brick facade is equivalent to
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6.1.2. Casement Windows with Low Emissivity Glass
As it is also possible to achieve air tightening with casement windows (see Figure 30) unlike
jalousie, casement windows, when opened, allows maximum air percentage of 90% in a building
when placed in a proper orientation, jalousie giving about 75% is not bad at all. However, casement
windows can be sealed when air-conditioning is needed, unlike jalousie, where cool are can
Solar street lights are raised light sources which are powered by photovoltaic panels
generally mounted on the lighting structure or integrated in the pole itself. The photovoltaic panels
charge a rechargeable battery, which powers a fluorescent or LED lamp during the night.
Parts:
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6.2.3. Lighting Fixture
Battery store the electricity from solar panel during the day and provide energy to the
fixture during the night. The life cycle of the battery is very important to the lifetime of the light
and the capacity of the battery will affect the backup days of the lights.
Figure 15. The figure shows a rechargeable battery for the light post (Source: google.com)
56
6.3. Mechanical Systems
Application of the concept of irrigation, a mechanical system used for applying water to
the soil uniformly through variations of tubes pipes, pumps, and sprays (Center of Disease Control
and Prevention, 2016). The following irrigation system are applied to the small farms within the
This type of irrigation system involves delivering water onto the soil and near the plant’s
roots at very low rates (2-20liters/hr) from a system of emitters as per National Resources
Management and Environment Department. It is an efficient way of irrigating for row crops such
farmable slope.
Figure 16. The figure shows the Drip Irrigation System Layout (Source: google.com)
components; pump unit, control head, main and sub main lines (13-
uniform distribution on the root zone down to the soil wetting pattern.
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Figure 18. The figure shows the wetting patterns for sand with High and Low discharge rates
Figure 19. The figure shows the wetting patterns for clay soils with high and low discharge rates
PD no. 1185 or Fire Code of The Philippines implemented that fire prevention and
suppression require the adoption of uniform fire safety standards, the incorporation of fire safety
construction and provision of protective and safety devices in buildings and structures (PD
no.1185/Fire Code of the Philippines, august 1977). Building structures should comply and
implement such laws and regulations regarding fire safety to ensure danger prevention and
decrease casualties.
fire hazardous incident. Designing a farming community where in fire lanes and public ways are
58
implemented and co-related in the environment planning to ensure fast and efficient retaliation of
Aside from fire safety constructions such as using flame resistant and fire durable material
in constructing, application of fire protective and fire safety devices; fire alarms, sprinkler systems,
exit signs, curtain boards, dampers, etc. enclosed rooms or area such as vestibules are not being
considered in this housing and building design to prevent fire traps to happen.
A Direct Automatic Alarm (DAA) is also recommendable especially in a rural area. The
installation of DAA is connected to a fire alarm monitoring system connected to a zone, fire station
or dispatch center.
Figure 20. The figure shows how a typical system works (Metropolitan Fire Brigade) (Source: google.com)
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6.5. Sanitary Systems
Well yield is a sustainable rate of water flow, usually expressed in gallons per minute
(gpm), that a well can draw continuously over an extended period. Supplemental water storage can
allow low yield wells to meet peak water use demand, typically occurs in the morning and evening
Sufficient storage can be provided by a storage tank. A storage tank may be reduced in
size, however, or may not be necessary if sufficient storage is available within the well itself. The
typical 6-inch diameter well will hold approximately 1.5 gallons of water per foot of casing. The
height of the water above the pump when it is not operating, multiplied by the gallons of water per
foot of casing approximates the amount of available storage within the well casing. Shallow wells
and wells with slow recovery may not contain reliable storage and caution is advised when
considering their
capacity.
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6.6. Waste Management
husk is also used as a fuel for Figure 22. The figure shows where rice husk ash comes from (Source:
google.com)
(RHA) is about 25% by weight of rice husk when burnt in boilers. It is estimated that about 70
million tons of RHA is produced annually worldwide. This RHA is a great environment threat
causing damage to the land and the surrounding area in which it is dumped. (ricehuskash.com)
During milling of paddy about 78 % of weight is received as rice, broken rice and bran
.Rest 22 % of the weight of paddy is received as husk. This husk is used as fuel in the rice mills to
generate steam for the parboiling process. This husk contains about 75 % organic volatile matter
and the balance 25 % of the weight of this husk is converted into ash during the firing process, is
known as rice husk ash (RHA). This RHA in turn contains around 85 % - 90 % amorphous
silica. (ricehuskash.com).
So for every 1000 kgs of paddy milled, about 220 kgs (22 %) of husk is produced, and
when this husk is burnt in the boilers, about 55 kgs (25 %) of RHA is generated. (ricehuskash.com)
RHA is a carbon neutral green product. Lots of ways are being thought of for disposing
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them by making commercial use of this RHA. RHA is a good super-pozzolan. This super-pozzolan
can be used in a big way to make special concrete mixes. There is a growing demand for fine
amorphous silica in the production of special cement and concrete mixes, high performance
concrete, high strength, low permeability concrete, for use in bridges, marine environments,
nuclear power plants etc. This market is currently filled by silica fume or micro silica, being
imported from Norway, China and also from Burma. Due to limited supply of silica fumes in India
and the demand being high the price of silica fume has risen to as much as US$ 500/ton in India.
(ricehuskash.com)
A range of anaerobic digestion technologies are Figure 23. The figure shows the basic process of anaerobic
digestion (Source: google.com)
converting livestock manure, municipal
wastewater solids, food waste, high strength industrial wastewater and residuals, fats, oils and
grease (FOG), and various other organic waste streams into biogas, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Separated digested solids can be composted, utilized for dairy bedding, directly applied to cropland
or converted into other products. Nutrients in the liquid stream are used in agriculture as fertilizer.
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6.7. Landscape Systems
6.7.1. Bioswale
A bioswale or vegetated swale is a form of bio retention used to partially treat water quality,
attenuate flooding potential and convey storm water away from critical structure (Clark.M., et.al.,
2008). Bioswale is a storm water runoff conveyance system that also serves as a storm sewer.
Swales absorb low flows or carry runoff from rain. It improves water quality by infiltrating the
first flush of storm water. Swales can be enhanced with native plants; thicker and heavier grasses
Figure 24. Cross section (left) and top view (right) of a bioswale system. (Source: University of Florida – Program for Resource
Efficient Communities by Mark Clark, et. al, 2008)
The bioswale section (on the left of the Figure 50) shows a swale with an underdrain, which
is not necessary in naturally well drained soils. Surface runoff from the adjacent impervious area
enters the swale through the gravel strip and then flows through the vegetative buffers along the
edge of the bioswale. The swale can also be designed with swale blocks (see Figure 31 to the right)
if there is a significant slope or to set the discharge elevation of the control structure higher than
63
CHAPTER 7: DESIGN FRAMEWORK
-Jeanne Gang
Jeanne Gang is an American architect known for her innovative responses to issues of
as the use of recycled materials—to conserve resources, decrease urban sprawl, and
increase biodiversity. She is internationally renowned for a design process that foregrounds the
relationships between individuals, communities, and environments. Her architecture and design
firm also creates designs that are effective, sustainable and transformative. Every Studio Gang
project acts as an agent of social change and a laboratory for testing ideas to push the boundaries
of architecture and design. Her diverse body of work spans scales and typologies, expanding
stronger materials to fostering stronger communities. Her approach has resulted in some of today’s
64
most compelling architecture, including Aqua Tower, the Arcus Center for Social Justice
of rice
to showcase how knowledge and opportunities grow and
nurture the farmers and its community and be able to keep up with the fast pacing technology
advancements. And from the root knowledge, the ‘binhi’, it shall grow and shall be able to be
harvest or ‘ani’, which is a metaphor for being marketed and distributed to the Filipinos.
Figure 27. The figure shows the form evolution of the project
65
The form is inspired by the figure of a growth of rice, coming from its seed up to its grains,
which are to be applied to the buildings. The form wanted to present the ‘binhi hanggang ani’
concepts, featuring the research-to-farming-to-market idea. The ‘binhi’ silhouette will serve as the
main entrance for the facilities, while the rest of the figure are the parts that can be a cantilever
and balcony, giving spaces that will blend the outside and inside environment.
The proposed study aims to provide facilities needed for a rice farming industry; from
research-to-farming-to-market. The research building would be the place for studies and
innovations that will be significant and helpful for the rice production. The innovations would be
possible if these are to be taught to the farmers, that is why a farming school is an important
facility. More than that, the farming school aims to teach every generation the relevance of rice
66
The innovations learned by the farmers, plus their traditional knowledge would be applied
to the rice farm. These can helpful for the improvement of the rice production in terms of its quality
and efficiency. The facilities for the post-harvesting system is also included in the site, so right
away, the farmers can easily post-process their goods, readily available to the market.
Future
Rice
Farming
Industry
Research-to-
Farming-to-
Market
System
Prototype Following
for other Generation
crop for
farming Farmers
The proposal where the research-to-production-to-market facilities are not just a pioneer
study, but it can be also a prototype study which can be feasible to other rice farms as well as other
crop farms. The presence of the post-harvesting system in a field is important, so that all of the
harvested goods can be easily produced and sell to the market; the over-production is possible to
be lessened. Also, the farmers can now have the opportunity to sell their own products and that
67
The inclusion of the farming school can also have considered timeless because it aims to
produce more farmers for the following generation. The school, which also has a demonstration
field, helps the future farmers to be more productive. This will not only provide farmers formal
education about farming and marketing, but it will also keep them up to date with the latest
technologies.
Research
Farmers
Market & Future
Farmers
Rice
Production
Post-
School
Harvest
Farm
Economic issues regarding the rice industry are the primary relevance of the study. The
of quality, quantity, and efficiency. Firstly, the goods are biologically studied, and the products
are economically strategized. Also, the transportation expenses can be lessened when the goods
are transferred from the farm to the post-harvesting facility. And lastly, every qualified harvested
crops will be easier to be post-harvested by the farmers, which will not only give them more
68
productive source of livelihood, but it will also maximize the amount of production that can be
COAXING LYRICISM
Jeanne Gang have been known with her habit of
Incorporating these two words, coaxing and lyricism, it would be defined as giving
expressions of emotions when creating in an imaginative way, while designing in a reasonable and
logical manners. And by means of habit of coaxing lyricism out of rigor, it must be done strictly.
69
7.4.2. Architectural Style details to be adapted
can also serve the purpose of the brise soleil. Although Jeanne Figure 30. Exterior façade to be
adopted
Gang’s designs are mostly vertical, this inspiration are to be applied to the proposed horizontal
buildings.
70
MANNER OF FINANCING
The land to be used for the proposal of the rice cultivation research center and
farming production is owned by the local government which means that the value of land
acquisition shall not have any effect on the total cost of the proposed project.
The computation of the project initial building construction cost will be based from the
estimated gross floor area multiplied by the cost per square meter based on Construction Cost
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8.2.3. Land Development Cost
The land development cost of the project shall be placed approximately at around 30% of
the projected total building cost. This includes landscaping, parking, road construction and other
The total cost of furnishing and equipment is estimated to be approximately 25% of the
Based on the SPP Doc. 202, the proposed project belongs to Group 3 which is are structures
According to the architect’s guideline, the minimum professional fee is Php. 11,500,000.00
72
Table 8.5. Projected professional fee
73
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Title: Toward a More Resilient and Competitive Philippine Rice Industry: Lesson
Relevance: The book covers the potential for a sustained and mutually beneficial
Agriculture (DA) and the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the light
of the national and global challenges faced by the Philippine rice sector. In this
context, the paper examines the National Rice Program and sector performance
74
Relevance: This book talks about how Philippines’ is one of the major rice importer,
and how we can be competitive regarding the quality of rice we produce compared
to imported rice. The book gave an overview of the rice industry in the Philippines
throughout the decades and studied what factors might be affecting the rice sector.
It is one of our projects goal, to improve rice quality, to lessen rice imports and this
book will be a good reference to know the possibilities for the development of rice
in the Philippines.
Title: The Nigerian Rice Economy: Policy 0ptions for transforming Production,
Source:
Relevance: Production, Marketing, and Trade, these are the three keywords that are
focused on this book. In this book, it was explained how Nigeria is one with the
most population in Africa, and is a major rice importer. This sounds familiar
75
Title: The Future Rice Strategy for India
Relevance: This book contains insights for the future of the rice sector in India, to
develop its sustainability. The book talks about different factors that may affect the
food etc, and what possible strategies to solve those problems. This book will be
helpful for our proposed project as we might use or adapt some strategies and like
in this book, we aim to cover multiple aspects from cultivation, rice production to
Relevance: This second edition of a text-book focused on the two major purposes: to
76
in the culture of crop plants and to develop the ability to apply these principles in
Publisher: Elsevier
Relevance: The book is about how the farmers’ participatory approach was used to
evaluate the reduction of pesticide sprays, seed rates in crop establishment and
nitrogen fertilizer in rice production. Nine hundred and fifty one (951) volunteer
participants found that the reduced inputs had little effect on yields and gave them
higher incomes. Pesticide spray reduction also meant reducing workdays used for
spraying thus providing more incentives for the reduction of seeds and fertilizers.
Author/s: Roumasset, J. A.
77
Publisher: North Holland Publ. Comp. Amsterdam
Relevance: This book deals with decision-making under uncertainty by small rice-
farmers. It describes the decision theory and appropriate models of choice under
uncertainty for peasant farmers, risky techniques, contractual choice and metayage,
risk of investment in nitrogen fertilizer, optimum fertilizer rates and the role of risk
Relevance: This book describes the components of water use in rice-based production
systems and identifies water used during land preparation, and seepage and
percolation during crop growth as important sources of water `loss' from the system.
78
Title: Chinese Rice Production Area Adaptations to Climate Changes, 1949–2010
Author/s: Zhengguo Li, Zhenhuan Liu, Weston Anderson, Peng Yang, Wenbin Wu, Huajun
Relevance: Climate change has great impact on cropping system. The book tackles
about how the rice production system has historically responded to external forces,
both natural and anthropogenic, will provide critical insights into how the system is
likely to respond in the future. The observed historic rice movement provides
insights into the capability of the rice production system to adapt to climate
changes. While the major driving forces of the rice relocation are such social
policy changes, climate plays a significant role as well. We found that temperature
has been a significant and coherent influence on moving the rice center in China
and precipitation has had a significant but less spatially coherent influence.
79
Publisher: 2015 China National Rice Research Institute Production
Relevance: The book covers the use of improved high yielding crop varieties is an
important avenue for reducing hunger and food insecurity in developing countries.
Using cross-sectional data obtained from a survey conducted during 2013 crop
season, they performed a probit model to determine the probability of adopting new
improved rice varieties (NIRVs) by smallholder farmers particularly from two main
agro-ecological regions (hills and tropical plain terai regions) of Central Nepal.
Farm and field characteristic variables such as farm size, endowment of favorable
land type (e.g. lowlands), and animal power (e.g. oxen) are the key factors
influencing the probability of adopting NIRVs. Given the significant role played by
programs to popularize new rice varieties and enhance their adoption rate are
behavior which are necessary to enhance adoption rate, production and food
80
Academic Journals: Local [2]
Title: The role of Culture in Farmer Learning & Technology Adoption: A Case
Philippines
Keyword: Collective learning; Culture; Experiential learning; Farmer field school; Integrated
Relevance: The article is about how culture, norms and values of local rice farmers are
applied to the Farming Field School (FFS). The culture and behavior of these
farmers are used as one of the fundamental aspects for the technology-based and
innovative farming practices and learnings that will be relevant to the study.
Author/s: Alvin Chandra, Paul Dargusch, Karen E. McNamara, Ana Maria Caspe, Dante
Dalabajan
81
Publisher: Elsevier
resiliency field schools in Mindanao are observed and examined to test its
towards climate change and vice versa, which are generally favored for the
can be applied to the technology-based and innovative practices and learning in the
82
Source: Google Scholar
Keywords: global rice production; milling; consumption; trade; fortification; vitamin and
mineral deficiency
Relevance: This is an overview of the global situation of rice industry, and its impact to
the majority of rice consumers in the world. It mainly tackles about the consumer
and production ratio and its effects on widespread poverty and other global health
issue. The application of technology and the actions of the world trade on the food
commodities, that serve as control and response to the world wide rice issue and
crisis are also evaluated in this paper. The awareness of this issue as well as the
processes on how the world cope with it is relevant to the study, so that possible
83
Relevance: The current rice production of Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh is
drastically far from the amount of supply needed. Therefore, the journal discusses
about the effectivity of technology in achieving higher rice production, and how
Relevance: This tackles about various processing methods are used in the food industry
methods of different rice type and its implication in industrial rice processing
84
methods. This article reviews up-to-date research on rice industrial processing
consultation
Author/s: Luz M. De-Regil, Juan Pablo Pe˜na-Rosas, Arnaud Laillou, and Regina Moench-
Pfanner
Relevance: The article is about the fortification of staple foods and commonly used
condiments with vitamins and minerals which is considered as one of the most cost-
it as a public health strategy and assuring equitable access and universal coverage
85
Title: Energy comparison of two Rice Cultivation Systems
experiment conducted in Ramhormiz, Iran, the energy input of the direct seeding
system was lower than that of the transplanting system, resulting in a higher energy
ratio, which suggests that the direct seeding system would increase energy
in the study.
86
Issue No.: Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 153-159
Relevance: The article is about the water-wise rice production that justifies whether less
water affects rice production. They conducted an experiment where rice plants
were cultivated under four different water regimes, T1: flooding at 5 cm depth, T2:
and dry (AWD). Yield and yield parameter, plants physiological, and soil chemical
properties were evaluated. The result of the experiment shows that saturated to 1
which might not affect rice production, plant and soil characters which is relevant
to the study.
87
Source: Google Scholar
Relevance: The article is about the positive impact of rice farming on increasing
household food security, raising farmer’s income as well as reducing risks in the
years of poor weather conditions in Kenya since the demand for rice in Kenya
outstrips its production, a gap that is filled through imports. Thus, increase of rice
production and productivity in Kenya was badly needed. They believed that in order
to integrate, promote and upgrade their existing agribusiness; there is need for the
rice entrepreneurs to have easy access to financial services that will provide
sustainable funds and in order to meet the rice demand in Kenya which can be
applied in the Philippines to help the farmers to integrate, promote and upgrade the
88
Relevance: This article is about a study about climate resilience of agriculture.
unusual climate disturbance, and high population density and high dependency on
agriculture. This article also assesses using participatory approach on the difference
typography and other factors. This study also serves as our guide on how we can
Landscape Planting)
Year: 2004
Province, China
Area: 3 Hectare
89
Award/Prize: 2005 ASLA Honor Award of Design (The American Society of Landscape
Architecture)
Project Description:
environment for learning. China is one of the primary rice exporters in the Rice
crops, mainly, and other native plants were used to raise the awareness of the
Year: 2017
90
Owner/Client: Architecture Sans Frontières Indonesia (ASF-ID)
Project Description:
available material in Western Java. The kindergarten is situated along-side the rice
fields, located on the once a busy road of Tasikmalaya. The project’s goal is to have
a vision of living with harmony with nature, considering the material used for
construction, and as the architects’ thought, it ‘has brought a new spirit to teachers,
Year: 2013
Competition
Project Description:
Due to the several failures in planning land use and zoning in the
Philippines, the rice industry is now having trouble with scarcity of farm lands. The
solution proposed by Jin Ho Kim is to have vertical rice farms in the cities, with the
91
use of aeroponic growing technologies. With this, rice can be grown with lower
demands on water while supplying enough food for the area where it will be located.
Enchanted Farm
Year: 2013
Project Description:
restaurants, training centers, and other types of facilities that will fulfill their goal
the Philippines.
92