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CASE STUDY
3. PARLIAMENT LIBRARY
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4.1 CONNEMARA PUBLIC LIBRARY-CHENNAI
4.1.1 ORIGIN
In recognition of the importance of the Library service, it was decided to establish a first
true public library in Tamil Nadu during the 19th century by an enlightened Administrator
Lord Connemara, the then Governor of Madras during 1886- 1890 . The Foundation
Stone for the Library was laid on 22nd March 1 890 and was formally opened on 05-
12-1896. The Library so founded was named after Lord Connemara to perpetuate his
memory in Madras in recognition of his efforts.
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4.1.3 SITE AND SURROUNDING
The library was as part of a cultural complex that grew in the grounds
of what was once called 'The Pantheon'.
The Government Museum Complex in Egmore houses the Government Museum, the
National Art Gallery. Established in 1851, and the Connemara public library, the museum
consisting of six buildings and 46 galleries covers an area of around 16.25 acres (66,000
m²) of land.
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The entire complex area is approximately 32 acres, out of which
50% space is under green spaces , 22% by the connecting internal
roads, 21% by the built up areas and 7% of the space for parking.
Out of the total site area the Library Block occupies 4% of site area
and ,out of the total built up area it occupies 16% ground coverage.
7%
21% GREEN SPACE
50% TOTAL BUILT UP
ROADS
BUILT UP
22%
PARKING
CIRCULATION SPACE
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2ND PHASE
ANNEXE
OLD BLOCK
4.1.4 GROWTH
Connemara public library grew in 3 –
phases to fulfill the increasing book
NEW BLOCK demands and the population growth of the
city.
1ST PHASE
At present the stock of books in the
library is 6.36 lakhs , 3.32 lakhs users and
97,196 members.
1973 15 %.
BUILT UP
In the year 1973 with the
1999 increase of 2.46 lakh of
books a built up area of
2009 17665 had to be added to
BOOKS
house the books.
0 500000 1000000
GROWTH
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4.1.5 CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES
PHYSICAL CONSERVATION
All the books damaged by human error or by the natural reasons are mended, repaired
and bound in the Binding division. Journals are bound volume wise.
REPROGRAPHIC PRESERVATION
Most of the 19th century Tamil, Telgu ,Malayalam and Kanada manuscripts have already
been microfilmed .
RARE BOOKS COLLECTION
This library has got a good number of rare books and periodicals some of them are:
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4.1.6 STAFF AND SERVICE
The total Staff strength is 112. With this Staff strength, this Library is
providing service to the user community through the following
sections.
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4.1.7 SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
LIBRARY
STAFF UTILITY PUBLIC UTILITY
(staff canteen,) (Gents –ladies toilet)
VERTICAL CIRCULATION
MULTIPURPOSE HALL
LIBRARY SERVICE
(Capacity- 100 people)
(P.C.O, Xerox, scanning,
cyber, videos.)
RECEPTION
ENTRANCE
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4.1.8 GROUND FLOOR PLAN
The spatial organization and the segregation of the departments in the
new library has been done on the experience bases over coming he
flaws of the old library. The sections which were used frequently or which
needed privacy has been segregated to different floors. Ground floor
occupies an area of 25805 sq.ft. The grid of the building is 9’-6” by 20’-
6”. And columns are 1’ by 1’ in size
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On the entrance of the building security checking and luggage
deposit counter has been provide after security check you enter the
library foyer where you have reception for any enquiry regarding the
library service. For efficient circulation the bifurcated staircase has
been provide in the reception lobby.
The ancillary services of the library like the reprography service, internet browsing,
multi purpose hall etc has been provided on the ground floor
For the convenience and supervision of blinds and children's the bralli and the
children's section has been provided on the ground floor.
Public utility services like the toilets and canteen has been provided in the second
lobby which opens to civil /entrance study section which has been segregated with
double door security.
The lobby in the front acts as a buffer zone. For vertical circulation of man and books
recently a lift has been added in the second lobby even for the disables.
Out of the total floor area
reading area occupies the
maximum space .
A seating capacity of 150
people has been provided on the
ground floor.
Out which 15 are carrel provide
for individual study. Total 37
stacks has been provided with a
storage capacity of 22200 books
approximately. The shelf is 3‘in
length and 1’-6” deep.
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FIRST FLOOR
First floor consist of periodical section and the mezzanine floor consist
of the staff office and reference section. The new annexes block and
the way to the old block is assessed through the periodical section.
The new block first floor is used as stack room.
The periodical section has a seating capacity of 136 people at a time. It is used on
daily basis by maximum number of people for reading newspapers and magazines. The
periodical section is well lighted by the natural light from the wall opening. A single wall
of 108 ft consist of 11 windows of 5’ width.
Minimum amount of
artificial lighting is required
as the day lighting is self
sufficient in it self.
.
The tables are arranged centrally
between two column space for linear
arrangement.
The second floor is the replica of
the first floor and houses language
section, binding and digitalization
section.
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THIRD FLOOR
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4.1.9 AREA STATEMENT
Open stacking area on each floor : 3456 sq.ft (15 Rows & 2 Columns)
Each Row : 15’-0” wide and 1’-6” Deep (5 stacks per row)
Each Stack : 3’-0” Wide and 1’-6” Deep (Ht: 6’-0”)
Individual Stack Area :13’-6”sq.ft
Stack Gap : 4’-0”
Aisle : 4’-6” Wide
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4.1.10 INFERENCES
MERITS :
Located in the old museum complex visited by many tourist and weekly visits by the
school trips.
Easily assessable by public convince.
Located on the entrance of the site , can be easily sited.
Parking space provided in front of the library building.
Separate parking provided for two wheelers.
Buffered from the noise of the main road by the set back of more than 100ft .
Spatial organization as per the library standards requirement.
Vertical transportation easily assessable in the entrance foyer.
Security check and baggage deposit counter at the entrance.
Stacks are arranged with proper spacing with the offset of 4 ft fro m the window for proper
lighting.
Minimum artificial lighting used in most of the areas.
DEMERITS :
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4.2 CHANDIGARH STATE LIBRARY
LIBRARY INFORMATION
Visitors 5,18,000
Books Issued/Returned/Consulted 5,60,000
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4.2.2 SITE AND SURROUNDINGS
1 1
9
13
7
11
2
3
6 7
5
12
8 10
1 1
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4.2.3 VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS
The main activities here are classification and cataloguing the documents.
Classification in simple terms means assigning a numerical numbers as minute as
possible according to the subject which it covers.
This helps in arranging all books of one subject in one place rather than making it a
storehouse of books jumbled in one place.
The library has five work stations in the Reference Section for the use of internet.
Members can use the internet for half an hour daily.
The American Corner at the T.S.Central State Library provides a window on life and
culture in the United States and is the first place to visit for accurate and up-to-date
information about political, economic, cultural, educational and social trends in the United
States.
The American Corner has books, Magazines, CD-ROMs with current full text articles.
videos, DVD's and internet access.
CIRCULATION SECTION
This section represents the hub of library activities where lending out of books to
readers is facilitated.
In the circulation Section various functions are undertaken viz. Registration of new
members, lending of books, reminders for overdue books, reservation of books,
renewal of membership cards, records and files, statistics and inter library loans
etc.
Three computers have been installed exclusively for the
members to search books by title author, keywords and subject
through OPAC (On-Line Public Access Catalogue)
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CHILDRENS SECTION
Children Section has been made more attractive to catch the eyes of
the children by adding educational & recreation toys & games
i.e.,soft toys,puzzles, blocks.
More than 50 percent of the readers of this library visit only this section due to the
special facility provided to non members.
About 10 years back record of newspapers is available.
Current issue of the magazines are being displayed on the reading table to make their
maximum use by a large number of readers. About 200 periodicals and 18 newspapers
are received in Hindi, English, Punjabi, English and Urdu Languages.
ADMINISTRATION SECTION
It keeps and maintains the records pertaining to various budgetary provisions of the
library like salary, expenditure and other matters pertaining to physical stock and
infrastructure of the library.
BINDING SECTION
Binding is a very vital affair for the library. Books need to be repaired and bound off and
on.
REPOGRAPHIC SERVICE
Reprographic Service was introduced in the library in 1989 with the purchase of Modi
Xerox Machine, which was set up in the reference section. The readers can get the
material Photostat as and when they require on nominal rates. It has minimized the
mutilation and pilferage of books to a great extent.
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MOBILE LIBRARY
C.D LIBRARY
. It has acquired about 150 CD’s and two pentium based machine. The library will have
various access points to the World Wide Web.
EDUCATION MEDIA CENTRE
An audio-video Aids Educational Media has been set up in the library for which
infrastructure like TV, VCR, VCP, audio cassettes, Double cassette, Deck, speaker,
Overhead Projector, Video Projector with accessories, smart Video Projector with ceiling
mount, Bracket torn 10ft. Diagonal with remote control cable, Automatic slide projector
and cassettes on various educational subjects are played for the comprehension of the
subject like science, geography etc. for school students.
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4.2.4 STAFF AND SERVICE
The total Staff strength is 6 people. With this Staff strength, this
Library is providing service to the user community through the
following sections.
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4.2. 5 LE CORBUSIERS DESIGEN
The circular concrete columns, beams, parapets, deep verandas and undulatory
glazing which are the typical architectural features of the City Centre dominate the
exterior of the building.
However, when a visitor enters the building he appreciates the architect whose skill
and talent combined with an intuitive understanding of the aesthetic and functional
aspects of a library bestow on this piece of architecture grace and serenity.
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4.2.6 GROUND FLOOR
NORTH- EAST
N
22
FIRST AND SECOND FLOOR
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THIRD FLOOR
The floor area of the third floor is 5129 Sq.ft. the last floor consist of
the cafeteria and Acquisition section. The reading area in the second
floor is an open terrace on the last floor . For connecting the last stack
area stairs are provided from the terrace.
THIRD FLOOR
SECOND FLOOR
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4.2.7 AREA STATEMENT
Open stacking area on each floor : 2788 sq.ft (6 Rows & 3 Columns)
Each Row : 15’-0” wide and 1’-6” Deep (5 stacks per row)
Each Stack : 3’-0” Wide and 1’-6” Deep (Ht: 6’-0”)
Individual Stack Area :13’-6”sq.ft
Stack Gap : 3’-0”
Aisle : 4’-6” Wide
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4.2.8 INFERENCES
MERITS :
Located in Sector -17 that is the heart of the city so can be easily located.
Easily assessable by public convince.
Parking space provided in the sectoral parking zone at the back side of the building.
Only two wheeler parking provided in the front of the library.
Spatial organization as per the library standards requirement.
Vertical transportation easily assessable in the entrance foyer.
Security check and baggage deposit counter at the entrance.
Stacks are arranged with proper spacing with the offset of 4 ft fro m the window for
proper lighting.
Separate section provided for children's and Braille library .
Separate service lift and staircase provided at the stacking area .
DEMERITS :
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4.3 PARLIAMENT LIBRARY – DELHI (A Proto-Type Study)
4.3.1 INTRODUCTION
The Parliament Library of India is located at the heart of Lutyens’ urban design for New
Delhi, to the northwest of Baker’s Parliament House.
The Library was expected to be ‘apt for the 21st century’ ,while also complementing the
majestic heritage from the British colonial period.
Responding to the Parliament’s giant colonnade, the Library features a meticulously
ordered cluster of circular forms, organized cross-axially, and configuring an incomplete
square. Inspirations from ancient temples and palaces have been distilled into a
contemporary vocabulary that is shaped and textured by the memory of places and the
geometry of latticework.
building contains basic library functions, parliamentary services and related facilities over
four floors, two of them below ground.
All public spaces on the upper floors are covered by structural lattices of different
patterns, surmounted by shallow bubble domes that create a sculptural landscape on the
roof. 4.3.2 SITE AND SURROUNDINGS
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SITE PLAN
LIBRARY
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4.3.3 PLANNING
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4.3.4 GROUND FLOOR PLAN
The site measures 10 acres with a built up area of 60000 sq.m. The
entire building is planed on a grid of 5 mts.
The three courtyards are symmetrically placed around the central built form
complimenting distinct functions. The height of the building is restricted to the podium
level of the Parliament house.
The building has two basements an two upper floors There are twelve domes of
various sizes, and an auditorium for 1075 persons apart from the stack area for
housing 3 million books which are in the basements.
PUBLIC ENTRY
LIBRARY BLOCK
BPST
MLA
READING REFRENCE
HALL DOCUMENTATION
ENTRY FROM
PARLIAMENT AUDITORIUM
(V.I.P)
RESEARCH
COMMITTEE INFORMATION
ROOM
PRESS RECEPTION
PUBLIC
RELATION
MUSEUM
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GROUND FLOOR LIBRARY
PERIODICAL
Maximum area is occupied
by the stacks to house the 3
million parliament books.
STACKS
The 2nd basement floor is
PERIODICAL completely stacked with
official documents , old
newspapers and books.
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4.3.5 DESIGN CONCEPT
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The focal centre, place of
enlightenment provide natural
light even to two basements.
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4.3.6 BUILDING SERVICES
The auditorium is equipped with the state-of-the-art digital Dolby
surround sound system for 35 mm film projection; a wireless
simultaneous interpretation system for ground plus four language
interpretation; video projection system with high power Xenon
illumination system with an output of 10,000 ANSI lumens; and
stage light system with scanner controlled FOH lights.
The Computer Centre which is centrally air conditioned, is equipped with most modern
facilities such as access control system with magnetic card, glare free lighting,
closed circuit TV, automatic fire detection and fire fighting system in addition to in
built public address system.
Automatic, intelligence fire alarm systems, duly integrated with AHUs, PA system and
Fire Check Doors, for co-ordinated functioning in case of fire.
Non-wet fire-fighting system with NAFS-III gas in computer centre and micro filming
store & CO for Switch Rooms.
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4.3.7 BUILDING FEATURES
LATTICE STRUCTURE
ROOFING THE VIP
ENTRANCE.
35
The focal centre is located at the cross axis of the library complex,.
Externally it is also the highest point of the composition. It is a glass
dome framed with stainless steel structural members in the form of
four petals.
The parabolic forms of the petals are tied together on top to a square
member and laced together underneath with tensile rods.
The extensive roof garden of the library provides a picturesque view of an undulating
landscape punctuated by a series of sculptural domes. In the winter the garden
becomes a public space, where scholars and parliamentarians alike can meet
and discuss the days proceedings; in the summer the sixty centimeters of earth provide
a thermal mass which effectively insulates the floors beneath it. This strategy of using
the earth as an insulating barrier is further exploited by placing two floors below the
natural ground level .
COURT YARDS
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VIEW OF ONE OF THE COURTYARDS. VIEW OF THE COURTYARD WITH WATER
FROM THE SURROUNDING PASSAGE.
MATERIALS
The use of Red and Beige Sandstone in the new building ensures the harmony between
the new library and the existing parliament. The protruding ceiling canopy protects the
glass windows from harsh sun rays.
SANDSTONE CLAD CIRCULAR COLUMNS, HAND CARVED JAALIS GLASS BRICKS ARE USED TO LIGHT UP
AND SANDSTONE PANELS. THE TWO BASEMENTS.
Cutting –edge hi –tech technologies live in perfect harmony with artisan techniques of
ancient origins. The work of engineering and technical skill is used along with
craftsmanship of stone cutters who make jaalis.
HANDCRAFTED STONE
JAALIS ARE USED FOR
AOUSTIC CONSIDERATION
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4.3.8 INFERENCES
Glassed Partitions
Bay Guides
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5. SITE ANALYSIS
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5.1. WHY AT KOTTURPURAM?
ADYAR RIVER
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5.2 SITE INFORMATION
The given site is a very dormant one which is located on the
Kotturpuram Road.
PROPOSED
STATE LIBRARY
RAILWAY STATION
The landmarks that are located near the site are Anna University,
Children's Park, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial, Cancer Hospital,
Indian Institute Of Technology, Birla Planetarium ,Gems Park High
School, Madras Institute Of Mathematics.
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5.3 TRAFFIC SENARIO
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SITE ENTRANCE
SITE OFFICE
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SITE LOCATION : The site is located on Gandhi Mandapam
street,Kotturpuram-Chennai.
PARKING FACILIY : surface parking cars 545 & 183 two wheelers
44
5.6 DEMOGRAPHY
Chennai has a long history since 1639. The Chennai City Corporation
was constituted in 1798. The City extending over an area of 68 sq.km in
1901 had a population of 5.40 lakhs. Since 1941, it had grown rapidly
and the growth of population in Chennai City and other local bodies
within CMA . The present population of the city is 43.34 Lakhs.
Chennai is a city of migrants like any other MADRAS ECONOMICS SCHOOL
metropolitan city in India. According to 2001
Census, migrants to Chennai City from other
parts of Tamil Nadu State constitute 74.5 %,
and the table below shows a downward trend in
the migration to the City from 37.24% in 1961 to
21.57% in 2001. Migrants from other parts of GOVERNMENT
India constitute 23.8% and the remaining 1.71 DATA CENTRE
% of the migrants is from other countries.
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5.7 CHENNAI CLIMATE :WARM AND HUMID CLIMATIC ZONE AS
PER SP -41 CODE:
4. ROOFS: should have large overhangs to avoid rainwater hitting the wall. Roof
should be finished with materials of low thermal conductivity. Top roof surface should
be made reflective by providing whitewashing or any reflective paint / tiles. Proper
slope is essential for effective removal of rainwater.
6. SPECIAL NEEDS: Good rain-water drainage is essential. Desert coolers are not
suitable in these areas.
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5.8 SPECIAL RULES FOR MULTI-STOREYED BUILDINGS
(1) (a) Site Extent:- The minimum extent of site for construction of multi-storeyed
buildings shall not be less than 1500 square metres.
(b) Road width:- The site shall either abut on a road not less than 18 metres in
width or gain access from public road not less that 18 metres
width through a part of the site which can be treated as an
exclusive passage of not less than 18 metres in width.
EXPLANATION:
(i) Road width means the road space as defined in DR no. 2 (35). The qualifying road
width for permitting multi-storeyed building shall be available at least for a stretch
of 500m along the length of the road abutting the site and the stretch from a
junction can be straight or a curve or zigzag or combination of the above.
To cite examples –
a) If the road over its general length is of 18 metres width, but because of some kinks
in front of the site one end is 17.8 metres and the other end is 18.2 metres is
acceptable.
b) If the general road is of width less than 18 metres width, but only widens opposite to
or nearer to the site is more than 18 metres, is not acceptable.
d) If the general road width is less than 18 metres and the site owner merely agrees to
leave enough space to have 18 metres in front of his site only, this is not acceptable.
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(ii) Road width measurements for the above purpose shall be of the
road as designed and laid and the existence of unauthorized
encroachments, for which no patta has been given, will not normally
affect adversely provided the shortage in width in the min. stretch
stated above does not exceed 10% of the min. prescribed width.
However permissibility (in exceptional cases) or otherwise in such
specific situations will be decided case-by-case.
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(1) PARKING AND PARKING FACILITIES:
For the use of the occupants and of persons visiting the premises
for the purposes of profession, trade, business, recreation or any
other activity parking spaces and parking facilities shall be
provided within the site to the satisfaction of the Authority and
conforming to the standards specified in Annexure XVI.
.
Internal Vehicular Access way including passage if any within the site shall have a
clear width of 7.2 m. and such vehicular access shall be available for every
building block in the site. Further, it shall be a clear width of open to sky and no
projection in structure over it is permissible.
The corridor serving as access for units in the development in whichever floor they
may be situated shall not be less than the standards prescribed in Annexure XVII.
(a) The height of basement floor shall not exceed 1.2 metres above ground level and
the headroom shall be minimum 2.4 metres.
(b) No part of the basement shall be constructed in the minimum required set
backspaces required for the movement of snorkel.
(c) In cases where second basement is proposed for parking and incidental uses,
sufficient provision for lighting and ventilation and also for protection from fire to
the satisfaction of Directorate of Fire and Rescue Services shall be made.
(e) During the construction of the basement floor, it shall be sole responsibility of the
planning permission holder to ensure that the building / structure in the adjoining
sites are not weakened / damaged.
(5) FIRE SAFETY, DETECTION AND EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS:
(a) All building in their design and construction shall be such as to contribute to and
ensure individually and collectively and the safety of life from fire, smoke, fumes and
also panic arising from these or similar other causes.
(b) In building of such size, arrangement or occupancy that a fire
may not itself provide adequate warning to occupants, automatic
fire detecting and alarming facilities shall be provided where
necessary to warn occupants or the existence of fires, so that
they may escape, or to facilitate the orderly conduct of fire exit
Drills.
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6. DESIGN CRITERIA
To meet the clients requirements and objectives, including being a
cultural facility and a unique and enjoyable civic place for Chennai and
surrounding districts, such as the open air theatre, exhibition space, sky
courts etc..
Provide adequate space and flexibility for a variety of tasks and for the growth of the
collection and number of users.
Resolution of conflict between lively and reflective spaces. Intercultural and needs-
based considerations, consistent with age-groups, interests etc. To design a library
requires clear purposes, and the judges are examining what they see as the result of
these deliberations.
Ideas: culture, learning, information, leisure zoning and display of space – conceiving
the user close to content -open areas adjacent to heavier stocked areas, use of
cloistered area .
A sense of being in the community, while doing your own thing – the personal and the
community in harmony.
To develop knowledge resources, leisure
space for parents and toddlers, serious
areas deeper in the building or upstairs
Services not just through technology but
through personal contact, the space allowed
for this interaction to take place naturally,
either in adjoining spaces or while walking
around. H.Q
STAFF
RARE BOOK,
PRESRVATION
UNIT
READING ZONE
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
TEXT BOOKS
REFERENCE
PERIODICAL
SEGREGATION OF PUBLIC
& PRIVATE AREAS
50
7. AREA STATEMENT
51