Aluminium Alloy

5/2/2019 Aluminium alloy - Wikipedia
Aluminium alloy
Aluminium alloys (or aluminum alloys; see spelling differences) are alloys in which aluminium
(Al) is the predominant metal. The typical alloying elements are copper, magnesium, manganese,
silicon, tin and zinc. There are two principal classifications, namely casting alloys and wrought alloys,
both of which are further subdivided into the categories heat-treatable and non-heat-treatable. About
85% of aluminium is used for wrought products, for example rolled plate, foils and extrusions. Cast
aluminium alloys yield cost-effective products due to the low melting point, although they generally
have lower tensile strengths than wrought alloys. The most important cast aluminium alloy system is
Al–Si, where the high levels of silicon (4.0–13%) contribute to give good casting characteristics.
Aluminium alloys are widely used in engineering structures and components where light weight or
corrosion resistance is required.[1]
Welded aluminium alloy bicycle frame,
Alloys composed mostly of aluminium have been very important in aerospace manufacturing since the made in the 1990s.
introduction of metal-skinned aircraft. Aluminium-magnesium alloys are both lighter than other
aluminium alloys and much less flammable than alloys that contain a very high percentage of
magnesium.[2]
Aluminium alloy surfaces will develop a white, protective layer of aluminium oxide if left unprotected by anodizing and/or correct painting procedures.
In a wet environment, galvanic corrosion can occur when an aluminium alloy is placed in electrical contact with other metals with more positive
corrosion potentials than aluminium, and an electrolyte is present that allows ion exchange. Referred to as dissimilar-metal corrosion, this process can
occur as exfoliation or as intergranular corrosion. Aluminium alloys can be improperly heat treated. This causes internal element separation, and the
metal then corrodes from the inside out.
Aluminium alloy compositions are registered with The Aluminum Association. Many organizations publish more specific standards for the manufacture
of aluminium alloy, including the Society of Automotive Engineers standards organization, specifically its aerospace standards subgroups,[3] and ASTM
International.
Contents
Engineering use and aluminum alloys properties
Aluminium alloys versus types of steel
Heat sensitivity considerations
Household wiring
Alloy designations
Temper designation
Wrought alloys
1000 series
2000 series
3000 series
4000 series
5000 series
6000 series
7000 series
8000 series
Mixed list
Cast alloys
Named alloys
Applications
Aerospace alloys
Aluminium–Scandium
List of aerospace aluminium alloys
Marine alloys
Cycling alloys
Automotive alloys
Air and gas cylinders
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_alloy 1/17
Engineering use and aluminum alloys properties

Aluminium alloys with a wide range of properties are used in engineering structures. Alloy systems are
classified by a number system (ANSI) or by names indicating their main alloying constituents (DIN and
ISO). Selecting the right alloy for a given application entails considerations of its tensile strength, density,
ductility, formability, workability, weldability, and corrosion resistance, to name a few. A brief historical
overview of alloys and manufacturing technologies is given in Ref.[4] Aluminium alloys are used extensively
in aircraft due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. On the other hand, pure aluminium metal is much too
soft for such uses, and it does not have the high tensile strength that is needed for airplanes and helicopters.
Aluminium alloy bicycle wheel.

Aluminium alloys versus types of steel 1960s Bootie Folding Cycle
Aluminium alloys typically have an elastic modulus of about 70 GPa, which is about one-third of the elastic
modulus of most kinds of steel and steel alloys. Therefore, for a given load, a component or unit made of an aluminium alloy will experience a greater
deformation in the elastic regime than a steel part of identical size and shape. Though there are aluminium alloys with somewhat-higher tensile
strengths than the commonly used kinds of steel, simply replacing a steel part with an aluminium alloy might lead to problems.
With completely new metal products, the design choices are often governed by the choice of manufacturing technology. Extrusions are particularly
important in this regard, owing to the ease with which aluminium alloys, particularly the Al–Mg–Si series, can be extruded to form complex profiles.
In general, stiffer and lighter designs can be achieved with Aluminium alloy than is feasible with steels. For instance, consider the bending of a thin-
walled tube: the second moment of area is inversely related to the stress in the tube wall, i.e. stresses are lower for larger values. The second moment of
area is proportional to the cube of the radius times the wall thickness, thus increasing the radius (and weight) by 26% will lead to a halving of the wall
stress. For this reason, bicycle frames made of aluminium alloys make use of larger tube diameters than steel or titanium in order to yield the desired
stiffness and strength. In automotive engineering, cars made of aluminium alloys employ space frames made of extruded profiles to ensure rigidity. This
represents a radical change from the common approach for current steel car design, which depend on the body shells for stiffness, known as unibody
design.
Aluminium alloys are widely used in automotive engines, particularly in cylinder blocks and crankcases due to the weight savings that are possible. Since
aluminium alloys are susceptible to warping at elevated temperatures, the cooling system of such engines is critical. Manufacturing techniques and
metallurgical advancements have also been instrumental for the successful application in automotive engines. In the 1960s, the aluminium cylinder
heads of the Corvair earned a reputation for failure and stripping of threads, which is not seen in current aluminium cylinder heads.
An important structural limitation of aluminium alloys is their lower fatigue strength compared to steel. In controlled laboratory conditions, steels
display a fatigue limit, which is the stress amplitude below which no failures occur – the metal does not continue to weaken with extended stress cycles.
Aluminium alloys do not have this lower fatigue limit and will continue to weaken with continued stress cycles. Aluminium alloys are therefore sparsely
used in parts that require high fatigue strength in the high cycle regime (more than 107 stress cycles).
Heat sensitivity considerations

Often, the metal's sensitivity to heat must also be considered. Even a relatively routine workshop procedure involving heating is complicated by the fact
that aluminium, unlike steel, will melt without first glowing red. Forming operations where a blow torch is used can reverse or remove heat treating,
therefore is not advised whatsoever. No visual signs reveal how the material is internally damaged. Much like welding heat treated, high strength link
chain, all strength is now lost by heat of the torch. The chain is dangerous and must be discarded.
Aluminium is subject to internal stresses and strains. Sometimes years later, as is the tendency of improperly welded aluminium bicycle frames to
gradually twist out of alignment from the stresses of the welding process. Thus, the aerospace industry avoids heat altogether by joining parts with rivets
of like metal composition, other fasteners, or adhesives.
Stresses in overheated aluminium can be relieved by heat-treating the parts in an oven and gradually cooling it—in effect annealing the stresses. Yet
these parts may still become distorted, so that heat-treating of welded bicycle frames, for instance, can result in a significant fraction becoming
misaligned. If the misalignment is not too severe, the cooled parts may be bent into alignment. Of course, if the frame is properly designed for rigidity
(see above), that bending will require enormous force.
Aluminium's intolerance to high temperatures has not precluded its use in rocketry; even for use in constructing combustion chambers where gases can
reach 3500 K. The Agena upper stage engine used a regeneratively cooled aluminium design for some parts of the nozzle, including the thermally critical
throat region; in fact the extremely high thermal conductivity of aluminium prevented the throat from reaching the melting point even under massive
heat flux, resulting in a reliable, lightweight component.
Household wiring
Because of its high conductivity and relatively low price compared with copper in the 1960s, aluminium was introduced at that time for household
electrical wiring in North America, even though many fixtures had not been designed to accept aluminium wire. But the new use brought some
problems:
The greater coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminium causes the wire to expand and contract relative to the dissimilar metal screw connection,
eventually loosening the connection.
Pure aluminium has a tendency to creep under steady sustained pressure (to a greater degree as the temperature rises), again loosening the
connection.
Galvanic corrosion from the dissimilar metals increases the electrical resistance of the connection.
All of this resulted in overheated and loose connections, and this in turn resulted in some fires. Builders then became wary of using the wire, and many
jurisdictions outlawed its use in very small sizes, in new construction. Yet newer fixtures eventually were introduced with connections designed to avoid
loosening and overheating. At first they were marked "Al/Cu", but they now bear a "CO/ALR" coding.
Another way to forestall the heating problem is to crimp the aluminium wire to a short "pigtail" of copper wire. A properly done high-pressure crimp by
the proper tool is tight enough to reduce any thermal expansion of the aluminium. Today, new alloys, designs, and methods are used for aluminium
wiring in combination with aluminium terminations.
Alloy designations
Wrought and cast aluminium alloys use different identification systems. Wrought aluminium is identified with a four digit number which identifies the
alloying elements.
Cast aluminium alloys use a four to five digit number with a decimal point. The digit in the hundreds place indicates the alloying elements, while the
digit after the decimal point indicates the form (cast shape or ingot).
Temper designation
The temper designation follows the cast or wrought designation number with a dash, a letter, and potentially a one to three digit number, e.g. 6061-T6.
The definitions for the tempers are:[5][6]
-F
As fabricated
-H
Strain hardened (cold worked) with or without thermal treatment
-H1
Strain hardened without thermal treatment
-H2
Strain hardened and partially annealed
-H3
Strain hardened and stabilized by low temperature heating
Second digit
A second digit denotes the degree of hardness
-HX2 = 1/4 hard
-HX4 = 1/2 hard
-HX6 = 3/4 hard
-HX8 = full hard
-HX9 = extra hard
-O
Full soft (annealed)
-T
Heat treated to produce stable tempers
-T1
Cooled from hot working and naturally aged (at room temperature)
-T2
Cooled from hot working, cold-worked, and naturally aged
-T3
Solution heat treated and cold worked
-T4
Solution heat treated and naturally aged
-T5
Cooled from hot working and artificially aged (at elevated temperature)
-T51
Stress relieved by stretching
-T510
No further straightening after stretching
-T511
Minor straightening after stretching
-T52
Stress relieved by thermal treatment
-T6
Solution heat treated and artificially aged
-T7
Solution heat treated and stabilized
-T8
Solution heat treated, cold worked, and artificially aged
-T9
Solution heat treated, artificially aged, and cold worked
-T10
Cooled from hot working, cold-worked, and artificially aged
-W
Solution heat treated only
Note: -W is a relatively soft intermediary designation that applies after heat treat and before aging is completed. The -W condition can be extended at
extremely low temperatures but not indefinitely and depending on the material will typically last no longer than 15 minutes at ambient temperatures.
Wrought alloys
The International Alloy Designation System is the most widely accepted naming scheme for wrought alloys. Each alloy is given a four-digit number,
where the first digit indicates the major alloying elements, the second — if different from 0 — indicates a variation of the alloy, and the third and fourth
digits identify the specific alloy in the series. For example, in alloy 3105, the number 3 indicates the alloy is in the manganese series, 1 indicates the first
modification of alloy 3005, and finally 05 identifies it in the 3000 series.[7]
1000 series are essentially pure aluminium with a minimum 99% aluminium content by weight and can be work hardened.
2000 series are alloyed with copper, can be precipitation hardened to strengths comparable to steel. Formerly referred to as duralumin, they were
once the most common aerospace alloys, but were susceptible to stress corrosion cracking and are increasingly replaced by 7000 series in new
designs.
3000 series are alloyed with manganese, and can be work hardened.
4000 series are alloyed with silicon. Variations of aluminium-silicon alloys intended for casting (and therefore not included in 4000 series) are also
known as silumin.
5000 series are alloyed with magnesium, and offer superb corrosion resistance, making them suitable for marine applications. Also, 5083 alloy has
the highest strength of not heat-treated alloys. Most 5000 series alloys include manganese as well.
6000 series are alloyed with magnesium and silicon. They are easy to machine, are weldable, and can be precipitation hardened, but not to the
high strengths that 2000 and 7000 can reach. 6061 alloy is one of the most commonly used general-purpose aluminium alloys.
7000 series are alloyed with zinc, and can be precipitation hardened to the highest strengths of any aluminium alloy (ultimate tensile strength up to
700 MPa for the 7068 alloy). Most 7000 series alloys include magnesium and copper as well.
8000 series are alloyed with other elements which are not covered by other series. Aluminium-lithium alloys are an example.[8]
1000 series
1000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications

Al
Alloy Alloying elements Uses and refs
contents
Drawn tube,
1050 99.5 - chemical
equipment
1060 99.6 - Universal
Thick-wall drawn
1070 99.7 -
tube
Universal,
1100 99.0 Cu 0.1
holloware
1145 99.45 - Sheet, plate, foil
1199 99.99 - Foil[9]

1230
Si 0.3; Fe 0.3; Cu 4.8–5.8; Mn 0.4–0.8; Mg 0.05; Zn 0.1; Ti 0.15; Li 0.9–1.4; Cd 0.1–0.25 Tu-144 aircraft[10]
(VAD23)#
Electrical
1350 99.5 -
conductors
Electrical
1370 99.7 -
conductors
1420# 92.9 Mg 5.0; Li 2.0; Zr 0.1 Aerospace
1421# 92.9 Mg 5.0; Li 2.0; Mn 0.2; Sc 0.2; Zr 0.1 Aerospace[11]

Si 0.08; Fe 0.1; Mn 0.1–0.25; Mg 4.7–5.2; Zn 0.4–0.7; Li 1.5–1.8; Zr 0.07–0.1; Be 0.02–0.2; Sc 0.05–
1424# [10]
0.08; Na 0.0015
Si 0.1; Fe 0.15; Cu 1.4–1.8; Mn 0.3–0.5; Mg 2.3–3.0; Zn 0.5–0.7; Ti 0.01–0.1; Li 1.5–1.9; Zr 0.08–
1430# [10]
0.14; Be 0.02–0.1; Sc 0.01–0.1; Na 0.003; Ce 0.2–0.4; Y 0.05–0.1
Si 0.02–0.1; Fe 0.03–0.15; Cu 1.2–1.9; Mn 0.05; Mg 0.6–1.1; Cr 0.05; Ti 0.02–0.1; Li 2.1–2.6; Zr
1440# [10]
0.10–0.2; Be 0.05–0.2; Na 0.003
Be-103 and Be-
Si 0.08; Fe 0.12; Cu 1.5–1.8; Mn 0.001–0.010; Mg 0.7–1.1; Ti 0.01–0.07; Ni 0.02–0.10; Li 1.8–2.1; Zr
1441# 0.04–0.16; Be 0.02–0.20
200
hydroplanes[10]
1441K# [10]
0.04–0.16; Be 0.002–0.01
1445# [10]
0.04–0.16; Be 0.002–0.01; Sc 0.005–0.001; Ag 0.05–0.15; Ca 0.005–0.04; Na 0.0015
Si 0.1; Fe 0.15; Cu 2.6–3.3; Mn 0.1; Mg 0.1; Cr 0.05; Zn 0.25; Ti 0.01–0.06; Li 1.8–2.3; Zr 0.08–0.14; An-124 and An-
1450#
Be 0.008–0.1; Na 0.002; Ce 0.005–0.05 225 aircraft[10]
Si 0.1; Fe 0.03–0.15; Cu 2.6–3.3; Mg 0.05; Ti 0.01–0.05; Li 2.0–2.4; Zr 0.08–0.13; Na 0.002; Sc
1460# Tu-156 aircraft[10]
0.05–0.14; B 0.0002–0.0003
Si 0.8; Fe 0.01–0.1; Cu 2.5–2.95; Mn 0.2–0.6; Mg 0.05–0.6; Cr 0.01–0.05; Zn 0.2–0.8; Ti 0.05; Ni
V-1461# [10]
0.05–0.15; Li 1.5–1.95; Zr 0.05–0.12; Be 0.0001–0.02; Sc 0.05–0.10; Ca 0.001–0.05; Na 0.0015
Si 0.03–0.08; Fe 0.03–0.10; Cu 3.25–3.45; Mn 0.20–0.30; Mg 0.35–0.45; Ti 0.01–0.03; Li 1.55–1.70;
V-1464# [10]
Zr 0.08–0.10; Sc 0.08–0.10; Be 0.0003–0.02; Na 0.0005
Si 0.1; Fe 0.12; Cu 3.2–4.5; Mn 0.003–0.5; Mg 0.1–0.5; Li 1.0–1.5; Zr 0.04–0.20; Sc 0.04–0.15; Ag
V-1469# [10]
0.15–0.6
# Not an International Alloy Designation System name
2000 series

Al
contents
2004 93.6 Cu 6.0; Zr 0.4 Aerospace
2011 930.7 Cu 5.5; Bi 0.4; Pb 0.4 Universal
2014 93.5 Cu 4.4; Si 0.8; Mn 0.8; Mg 0.5 Universal
2017 94.2 Cu 4.0; Si 0.5; Mn 0.7; Mg 0.6 Aerospace
2020 93.4 Cu 4.5; Li 1.3; Mn 0.55; Cd 0.25 Aerospace
2024 93.5 Cu 4.4; Mn 0.6; Mg 1.5 Universal, aerospace[12]
2029 94.6 Cu 3.6; Mn 0.3; Mg 1.0; Ag 0.4; Zr 0.1 Alclad sheet, aerospace[13]
2036 96.7 Cu 2.6; Mn 0.25; Mg 0.45 Sheet
2048 94.8 Cu 3.3; Mn 0.4; Mg 1.5 Sheet, plate
Cu 3.7; Zn 0.5; Li 1.1; Ag 0.4;Mn 0.2; Mg 0.3; Zr
2055 93.5 Aerospace extrusions,[14]
0.1
2080 94.0 Mg 3.7; Zn 1.85; Cr 0.2; Li 0.2 Aerospace
2090 95.0 Cu 2.7; Li 2.2; Zr 0.12 Aerospace
2091 94.3 Cu 2.1; Li 2.0; Mg 1.5; Zr 0.1 Aerospace, cryogenics
Si 0.12; Fe 0.15; Cu 4.4–5.2; Mn 0.25; Mg 0.25–
2094 0.8; Zn 0.25; Ti 0.10; Ag 0.25–0.6; Li 0.7–1.4; Zr [10]
0.04–0.18
2095 93.6 Cu 4.2; Li 1.3; Mg 0.4; Ag 0.4; Zr 0.1 Aerospace
Si 0.12; Fe 0.15; Cu 2.5–3.1; Mn 0.10–0.6; Mg [10]
2097
0.35; Zn 0.35; Ti 0.15; Li 1.2–1.8; Zr 0.08–0.15
Si 0.12; Fe 0.15; Cu 2.3–3.8; Mn 0.35; Mg 0.25–
2098 0.8; Zn 0.35; Ti 0.10; Ag 0.25–0.6; Li 2.4–2.8; Zr [10]
0.04–0.18
Cu 2.53; Mn 0.3; Mg 0.25; Li 1.75; Zn 0.75; Zr
2099 94.3 Aerospace[15]
0.09
2124 93.5 Cu 4.4; Mn 0.6; Mg 1.5 Plate
aerospace,[16][17] Space Shuttle Super Lightweight external

2195 93.5 Cu 4.0; Mn 0.5; Mg 0.45; Li 1.0; Ag 0.4; Zr 0.12 tank,[18] and the SpaceX Falcon 9[19] and Falcon 1e second stage
launch vehicles.[20]
Si 0.12; Fe 0.15; Cu 2.5–3.3; Mn 0.35; Mg 0.25–
2196 0.8; Zn 0.35; Ti 0.10; Ag 0.25–0.6; Li 1.4–2.1; Zr Extrusion
0.08–0.16[10]
Si 0.10; Fe 0.10; Cu 2.5–3.1; Mn 0.10–0.50; Mg [10]
2197
0.25; Zn 0.05; Ti 0.12; Li 1.3–1.7; Zr 0.08–0.15
2198 Sheet
2218 92.5 Cu 4.0; Mg 1.5;Ni 2 Forgings
2219 93.0 Cu 6.3; Mn 0.3;Ti 0.06; V 0.1; Zr 0.18 Universal, Space Shuttle Standard Weight external tank
Si 0.10; Fe 0.10; Cu 2.5–3.1; Mn 0.10–0.50; Mg [10]
2297
0.25; Zn 0.05; Ti 0.12; Li 1.1–1.7; Zr 0.08–0.15
Si 0.10; Fe 0.10; Cu 2.5–3.1; Mn 0.10–0.50; Mg
2397 0.25; Zn 0.05–0.15; Ti 0.12; Li 1.1–1.7; Zr 0.08– [10]
0.15
2224&2324 93.8 Cu 4.1; Mn 0.6; Mg 1.5 Plate[12]

2319 93.0 Cu 6.3; Mn 0.3; Ti 0.15; V 0.1; Zr 0.18 Bar and wire
2519 93.0 Cu 5.8; Mg 0.2; Ti 0.15; V 0.1; Zr 0.2 Aerospace armor plate
2524 93.8 Cu 4.2; Mn 0.6; Mg 1.4 Plate, sheet[21]

2618 93.7 Cu 2.3; Si 0.18; Mg 1.6; Ti 0.07; Fe 1.1; Ni 1.0 Forgings
3000 series

Alloy Al contents Alloying elements Uses and refs
3003 98.6 Mn 1.2; Cu 0.12 Universal, sheet, rigid foil containers, signs, decorative
3004 97.8 Mn 1.2; Mg 1 Universal, beverage cans[22]

3005 98.5 Mn 1.0; Mg 0.5 Work-hardened
3102 99.8 Mn 0.2 Work-hardened[23]

3103&3303 98.8 Mn 1.2 Work-hardened
3105 97.8 Mn 0.55; Mg 0.5 Sheet
3203 98.8 Mn 1.2 Sheet, high strength foil
4000 series

4006 98.3 Si 1.0; Fe 0.65 Work-hardened or aged
4007 96.3 Si 1.4; Mn 1.2; Fe 0.7; Ni 0.3; Cr 0.1 Work-hardened
4015 96.8 Si 2.0; Mn 1.0; Mg 0.2 Work-hardened
4032 85 Si 12.2; Cu 0.9; Mg 1; Ni 0.9; Forgings
4043 94.8 Si 5.2 Rod
4047 85.5 Si 6.0; Fe 0.8; Cu 0.3; Zn 0.2; Mn 0.15; Mg 0.1 Sheet, cladding, fillers
4543 93.7 Si 6.0; Mg 0.3 architectural extrusions
5000 series

5005 & 5657 99.2 Mg 0.8 Sheet, plate, rod, cubesats
5010 99.3 Mg 0.5; Mn 0.2;
5019 94.7 Mg 5.0; Mn 0.25;
5024 94.5 Mg 4.6; Mn 0.6; Zr 0.1; Sc 0.2 Extrusions, aerospace[24]

5026 93.9 Mg 4.5; Mn 1; Si 0.9; Fe 0.4; Cu 0.3
5050 98.6 Mg 1.4 Universal
5052 & 5652 97.2 Mg 2.5; Cr 0.25 Universal, aerospace (cubesats), marine
5056 94.8 Mg 5.0; Mn 0.12; Cr 0.12 Foil, rod, rivets
5059 93.5 Mg 5.0; Mn 0.8; Zn 0.6; Zr 0.12 rocket cryogenic tanks
5083 94.8 Mg 4.4; Mn 0.7; Cr 0.15 Universal, welding, marine
5086 95.4 Mg 4.0; Mn 0.4; Cr 0.15 Universal, welding, marine
5154 & 5254 96.2 Mg 3.5; Cr 0.25; Universal, rivets[25]

5182 95.2 Mg 4.5; Mn 0.35; Sheet
5252 97.5 Mg 2.5; Sheet
5356 94.6 Mg 5.0; Mn 0.12; Cr 0.12; Ti 0.13 Rod, MIG wire
5454 96.4 Mg 2.7; Mn 0.8; Cr 0.12 Universal
5456 94 Mg 5.1; Mn 0.8; Cr 0.12 Universal
5457 98.7 Mg 1.0; Mn 0.2; Cu 0.1 Sheet, automobile trim[26]
5557 99.1 Mg 0.6; Mn 0.2; Cu 0.1 Sheet, automobile trim[27]

5754 95.8 Mg 3.1; Mn 0.5; Cr 0.3 Sheet, Rod
6000 series

6005 98.7 Si 0.8; Mg 0.5 Extrusions, angles
6009 97.7 Si 0.8; Mg 0.6; Mn 0.5; Cu 0.35 Sheet
6010 97.3 Si 1.0; Mg 0.7; Mn 0.5; Cu 0.35 Sheet
6013 97.05 Si 0.8; Mg 1.0; Mn 0.35; Cu 0.8 Plate, aerospace, smartphone cases[28][29]
6022 97.9 Si 1.1; Mg 0.6; Mn 0.05; Cu 0.05; Fe 0.3 Sheet, automotive[30]

6060 98.9 Si 0.4; Mg 0.5; Fe 0.2 Heat-treatable
6061 97.9 Si 0.6; Mg 1.0; Cu 0.25; Cr 0.2 Universal, structural, aerospace (cubesats)[31]
6063 & 6463 98.9 Si 0.4; Mg 0.7 Universal, marine, decorative
6063A 98.7 Si 0.4; Mg 0.7; Fe 0.2 Heat-treatable
6065 97.1 Si 0.6; Mg 1.0; Cu 0.25; Bi 1.0 Heat-treatable
6066 95.7 Si 1.4; Mg 1.1; Mn 0.8; Cu 1.0 Universal
6070 96.8 Si 1.4; Mg 0.8; Mn 0.7; Cu 0.28 Extrusions
6081 98.1 Si 0.9; Mg 0.8; Mn 0.2 Heat-treatable
6082 97.5 Si 1.0; Mg 0.85; Mn 0.65 Heat-treatable
6101 98.9 Si 0.5; Mg 0.6 Extrusions
6105 98.6 Si 0.8; Mg 0.65 Heat-treatable
6113 96.8 Si 0.8; Mg 1.0; Mn 0.35; Cu 0.8; O 0.2 Aerospace
6151 98.2 Si 0.9; Mg 0.6; Cr 0.25 Forgings
6162 98.6 Si 0.55; Mg 0.9 Heat-treatable
6201 98.5 Si 0.7; Mg 0.8 Rod
6205 98.4 Si 0.8; Mg 0.5;Mn 0.1; Cr 0.1; Zr 0.1 Extrusions
6262 96.8 Si 0.6; Mg 1.0; Cu 0.25; Cr 0.1; Bi 0.6; Pb 0.6 Universal
6351 97.8 Si 1.0; Mg 0.6;Mn 0.6 Extrusions
6463 98.9 Si 0.4; Mg 0.7 Extrusions
6951 97.2 Si 0.5; Fe 0.8; Cu 0.3; Mg 0.7; Mn 0.1; Zn 0.2 Heat-treatable
7000 series

Al
contents
7005 93.3 Zn 4.5; Mg 1.4; Mn 0.45; Cr 0.13; Zr 0.14; Ti 0.04 Extrusions
7010 93.3 Zn 6.2; Mg 2.35; Cu 1.7; Zr 0.1; Aerospace
Fe 0.5max; Si 0.5max;Zn 4.3–5.2; Mg 2.6–3.7; Mn 0.1–0.4; Cu 0.5–1.0; Cr 0.1–

7022 (variable) (experimental)[32]
0.3; Zr 0.2max; Ti 0.2max
Ultimate tensile strength 750
7034 85.7 Zn 11.0; Mg 2.3; Cu 1.0
MPa[33]
7039 92.3 Zn 4.0; Mg 3.3; Mn 0.2; Cr 0.2 Aerospace armor plate
7049 88.1 Zn 7.7; Mg 2.45; Cu 1.6; Cr 0.15 Universal, aerospace
7050 89.0 Zn 6.2; Mg 2.3; Cu 2.3; Zr 0.1 Universal, aerospace
7055 87.2 Zn 8.0; Mg 2.3; Cu 2.3; Zr 0.1 Plate, extrusions, aerospace[34]
7065 88.5 Zn 7.7; Mg 1.6; Cu 2.1; Zr 0.1 Plate, aerospace[35]

Aerospace, Ultimate tensile strength
7068 87.6 Zn 7.8; Mg 2.5; Cu 2.0; Zr 0.12
710 MPa
7072 99.0 Zn 1.0 Sheet, foil
7075 & Universal, aerospace (cubesats),
90.0 Zn 5.6; Mg 2.5; Cu 1.6; Cr 0.23
7175 forgings
7079 91.4 Zn 4.3; Mg 3.3; Cu 0.6; Mn 0.2; Cr 0.15 -
7085 89.4 Zn 7.5; Mg 1.5; Cu 1.6 Thick plate, aerospace[36]

7093 86.7 Zn 9.0; Mg 2.5; Cu 1.5; O 0.2; Zr 0.1 Aerospace
7116 93.7 Zn 4.5; Mg 1; Cu 0.8 Heat-treatable
7129 93.2 Zn 4.5; Mg 1.6; Cu 0.7 -
7150 89.05 Zn 6.4; Mg 2.35; Cu 2.2; O 0.2; Zr 0.1 Aerospace
7178 88.1 Zn 6.8; Mg 2.7; Cu 2.0; Cr 0.26 Universal, aerospace
7255 87.5 Zn 8.0; Mg 2.1; Cu 2.3; Zr 0.1 Plate, aerospace[37]

7475 90.3 Zn 5.7; Mg 2.3; Si 1.5; Cr 0.22 Universal, aerospace
8000 series

Al
content
8006 98.0 Fe 1.5; Mn 0.5; Universal, weldable
High-temperature
8009 88.3 Fe 8.6; Si 1.8; V 1.3
aerospace[38]
8011 98.7 Fe 0.7; Si 0.6 Work-hardened
8014 98.2 Fe 1.4; Mn 0.4; universal[39]

8019 87.5 Fe 8.3; Ge 4.0; O 0.2 Aerospace
Si 0.05; Fe 0.06–0.25; Cu 0.20; Mg 0.05; Cr 0.18; Zn 0.50; Ti 0.005–0.02; Li 3.4–4.2; Zr [10]
8025
0.08–0.25
8030 99.3 Fe 0.5; Cu 0.2 wire[40]

Si 0.20; Fe 0.30; Cu 1.0–1.6; Mn 0.10; Mg 0.6–1.3; Cr 0.10; Zn 0.25; Ti 0.10; Li 2.2–2.7; Zr [10]
8090
0.04–0.16
8091
0.08–0.16
8093
0.04–0.14
8176 99.3 Fe 0.6; Si 0.1 electrical wire[41]
Mixed list
Wrought aluminium alloy composition limits (% weight)
Limits††
Alloy Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn V Ti Bi Ga Pb Zr Al
Each Total
1050[42] 0.25 0.40 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 99.5 min
1060 0.25 0.35 0.05 0.028 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.028 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.028 99.6 min
0.05–
1100 0.95 Si+Fe 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.15 99.0 min
0.20
1199[42] 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.002 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.002 0.005 0.002 99.99 min
0.50– 3.9– 0.40– 0.20–

2014 0.7 0.10 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 remainder
1.2 5.0 1.2 0.8
3.8– 0.30– 1.2–
2024 0.50 0.50 0.10 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 remainder
4.9 0.9 1.8
5.8– 0.20– 0.05– 0.02– 0.10–
2219 0.2 0.30 0.02 0.10 0.05 0.15 remainder
6.8 0.40 0.15 0.10 0.25
0.05– 1.0–
3003 0.6 0.7 0.10 0.05 0.15 remainder
0.20 1.5
1.0– 0.8–
3004 0.30 0.7 0.25 0.25 0.05 0.15 remainder
1.5 1.3
0.05–
3102 0.40 0.7 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.05 0.15 remainder
0.40
4.5–
4041 0.80 0.30 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.05 0.15 remainder
6.0
0.5-
5005 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.25 0.05 0.15 remainder
1.1
2.2– 0.15–
5052 0.25 0.40 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.15 remainder
2.8 0.35
0.40– 4.0– 0.05–
5083 0.40 0.40 0.10 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 remainder
1.0 4.9 0.25
0.20– 3.5– 0.05–
5086 0.40 0.50 0.10 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 remainder
0.7 4.5 0.25
3.10– 0.15–
5154 0.25 0.40 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.05 0.15 remainder
3.90 0.35
4.50– 0.05– 0.06–
5356 0.25 0.40 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.15 remainder
5.50 0.20 0.20
0.50– 2.4– 0.05–
5454 0.25 0.40 0.10 0.25 0.20 0.05 0.15 remainder
1.0 3.0 0.20
0.50– 4.7– 0.05–
5456 0.25 0.40 0.10 0.25 0.20 0.05 0.15 remainder
1.0 5.5 0.20
2.6–
5754 0.40 0.40 0.10 0.50 0.30 0.20 0.15 0.05 0.15 remainder
3.6
0.6– 0.40–
6005 0.35 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.15 remainder
0.9 0.6
0.50– 0.40–
6005A† 0.35 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.15 remainder
0.9 0.7
0.30– 0.10– 0.35–
6060 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.15 remainder
0.6 0.30 0.6
0.40– 0.15– 0.8– 0.04–
6061 0.7 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 remainder
0.8 0.40 1.2 0.35
0.20– 0.45–
6063 0.35 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.15 remainder
0.6 0.9
0.9– 0.7– 0.6– 0.8–
6066 0.50 0.40 0.25 0.20 0.05 0.15 remainder
1.8 1.2 1.1 1.4
1.0– 0.15– 0.40– 0.50–
6070 0.50 0.10 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 remainder
1.7 0.40 1.0 1.2
0.7– 0.40– 0.60–
6082 0.50 0.10 0.25 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.15 remainder
1.3 1.0 1.2
0.6– 0.45–
6105 0.35 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.15 remainder
1.0 0.8
0.40– 0.7–
6162 0.50 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.25 0.10 0.05 0.15 remainder
0.8 1.1
0.40– 0.15– 0.8– 0.04– 0.40– 0.40–
6262 0.7 0.15 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 remainder
0.8 0.40 1.2 0.14 0.7 0.7
6351 0.7– 0.50 0.10 0.40– 0.40– 0.20 0.20 0.05 0.15 remainder
1.3 0.8 0.8
0.20– 0.45–
6463 0.15 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.15 remainder
0.6 0.9
0.20– 1.0– 0.06– 4.0– 0.01– 0.08–
7005 0.35 0.40 0.10 0.05 0.15 remainder
0.70 1.8 0.20 5.0 0.06 0.20
0.50– 0.10– 2.60– 0.10– 4.30–
7022 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.05 0.15 remainder
1.00 0.40 3.70 0.30 5.20
1.60– 2.20– 7.30– 0.05–
7068 0.12 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.15 remainder
2.40 3.00 8.30 0.15
0.8–
7072 0.7 Si+Fe 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.15 remainder
1.3
1.2– 2.1– 0.18– 5.1–
7075 0.40 0.50 0.30 0.20 0.05 0.15 remainder
2.0 2.9 0.28 6.1
0.40– 0.10– 2.9– 0.10– 3.8–
7079 0.3 0.40 0.10 0.05 0.15 remainder
0.80 0.30 3.7 0.25 4.8
0.50– 0.8– 4.2–
7116 0.15 0.30 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.15 remainder
1.1 1.4 5.2
0.50– 1.3– 4.2–
7129 0.15 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.15 remainder
0.9 2.0 5.2
1.6– 2.4– 0.18– 6.3–
7178 0.40 0.50 0.30 0.20 0.05 0.15 remainder
2.4 3.1 0.28 7.3
0.03– 0.40–
8176[41] 0.10 0.03 0.05 0.15 remainder
0.15 1.0
Limits††
Alloy Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn V Ti Bi Ga Pb Zr Al
Each Total
†Manganese plus chromium must be between 0.12–0.50%.
††This limit applies to all elements for which no other limit is specified on a given row, because no column exists or because the column is blank.
Cast alloys
The Aluminum Association (AA) has adopted a nomenclature similar to that of wrought alloys. British Standard and DIN have different designations. In
the AA system, the second two digits reveal the minimum percentage of aluminium, e.g. 150.x correspond to a minimum of 99.50% aluminium. The
digit after the decimal point takes a value of 0 or 1, denoting casting and ingot respectively.[1] The main alloying elements in the AA system are as
follows:[43]
1xx.x series are minimum 99% aluminium

2xx.x series copper
3xx.x series manganese
4xx.x series silicon
5xx.x series magnesium
6xx.x series magnesium and silicon
7xx.x series zinc
8xx.x other elements
9xx.x Unused series
Minimum tensile requirements for cast aluminium alloys[44]

Alloy type
Temper Tensile strength (min) in ksi (MPa) Yield strength (min) in ksi (MPa) Elongation in 2 in %
ANSI UNS
201.0 A02010 T7 60.0 (414) 50.0 (345) 3.0
204.0 A02040 T4 45.0 (310) 28.0 (193) 6.0
O 23.0 (159) N/A N/A
242.0 A02420
T61 32.0 (221) 20.0 (138) N/A
A242.0 A12420 T75 29.0 (200) N/A 1.0
T4 29.0 (200) 13.0 (90) 6.0
T6 32.0 (221) 20.0 (138) 3.0
295.0 A02950
T62 36.0 (248) 28.0 (193) N/A
T7 29.0 (200) 16.0 (110) 3.0
F 23.0 (159) 13.0 (90) 1.5
319.0 A03190 T5 25.0 (172) N/A N/A
T6 31.0 (214) 20.0 (138) 1.5
F 25.0 (172) 14.0 (97) 1.0
328.0 A03280
T6 34.0 (234) 21.0 (145) 1.0
T6 32.0 (221) 20.0 (138) 2.0
355.0 A03550 T51 25.0 (172) 18.0 (124) N/A
T71 30.0 (207) 22.0 (152) N/A
C355.0 A33550 T6 36.0 (248) 25.0 (172) 2.5
F 19.0 (131) 9.5 (66) 2.0
T6 30.0 (207) 20.0 (138) 3.0
356.0 A03560 T7 31.0 (214) N/A N/A
T51 23.0 (159) 16.0 (110) N/A
T71 25.0 (172) 18.0 (124) 3.0
T6 34.0 (234) 24.0 (165) 3.5
A356.0 A13560
T61 35.0 (241) 26.0 (179) 1.0
443.0 A04430 F 17.0 (117) 7.0 (48) 3.0
B443.0 A24430 F 17.0 (117) 6.0 (41) 3.0
512.0 A05120 F 17.0 (117) 10.0 (69) N/A
514.0 A05140 F 22.0 (152) 9.0 (62) 6.0
520.0 A05200 T4 42.0 (290) 22.0 (152) 12.0
535.0 A05350 F 35.0 (241) 18.0 (124) 9.0
705.0 A07050 T5 30.0 (207) 17.0 (117)† 5.0
707.0 A07070 T7 37.0 (255) 30.0 (207)† 1.0
710.0 A07100 T5 32.0 (221) 20.0 (138) 2.0
712.0 A07120 T5 34.0 (234) 25.0 (172)† 4.0
713.0 A07130 T5 32.0 (221) 22.0 (152) 3.0

T5 42.0 (290) 38.0 (262) 1.5
T51 32.0 (221) 27.0 (186) 3.0
771.0 A07710 T52 36.0 (248) 30.0 (207) 1.5
T6 42.0 (290) 35.0 (241) 5.0
T71 48.0 (331) 45.0 (310) 5.0
850.0 A08500 T5 16.0 (110) N/A 5.0
851.0 A08510 T5 17.0 (117) N/A 3.0
852.0 A08520 T5 24.0 (165) 18.0 (124) N/A
†Only when requested by the customer
Named alloys
Alferium an aluminium-iron alloy developed by Schneider, used for aircraft manufacture by Société pour la Construction d'Avions Métallique
"Aviméta"
Alclad aluminium sheet formed from high-purity aluminium surface layers bonded to high strength aluminium alloy core material[45]
Birmabright (aluminium, magnesium) a product of The Birmetals Company, basically equivalent to 5251
Duralumin (copper, aluminium)
Hindalium (aluminium, magnesium, manganese, silicon) product of Hindustan Aluminium Corporation Ltd, made in 16ga rolled sheets for cookware
Pandalloy Pratt&Whitney proprietary alloy, supposedly having high strength and superior high temperature performance.
Magnalium
Magnox (magnesium, aluminium)
Silumin (aluminium, silicon)
Titanal (aluminium, zinc, magnesium, copper, zirconium) a product of Austria Metall AG. Commonly used in high performance sports products,
particularly snowboards and skis.
Y alloy, Hiduminium, R.R. alloys: pre-war nickel-aluminium alloys, used in aerospace and engine pistons, for their ability to retain strength at
elevated temperature. These are replaced nowadays by higher-performing iron-aluminium alloys like 8009 capable to operate with low creep up to
300C.
Applications
Aerospace alloys
Aluminium–Scandium
The addition of scandium to aluminium creates nanoscale Al3Sc precipitates which limit the excessive grain
growth that occurs in the heat-affected zone of welded aluminium components. This has two beneficial
effects: the precipitated Al3Sc forms smaller crystals than are formed in other aluminium alloys[46] and the
width of precipitate-free zones that normally exist at the grain boundaries of age-hardenable aluminium
alloys is reduced.[46] Scandium is also a potent grain refiner in cast aluminium alloys, and atom for atom, the
most potent strengthener in aluminium, both as a result of grain refinement and precipitation strengthening.
An added benefit of scandium additions to aluminium is that the nanoscale Al3Sc precipitates that give the
alloy its strength are coarsening resistant at relatively high temperatures (~350 °C). This is in contrast to Parts of the Mig–29 are made from
typical commercial 2xxx and 6xxx alloys, which quickly lose their strength at temperatures above 250 °C due Al–Sc alloy.[46]
to rapid coarsening of their strengthening precipitates.[47]
The effect of Al3Sc precipitates also increase the alloy yield strength by 50–70 MPa (7.3–10.2 ksi).
In principle, aluminium alloys strengthened with additions of scandium are very similar to traditional nickel-base superalloys, in that both are
strengthened by coherent, coarsening resistant precipitates with an ordered L12 structure. However, Al-Sc alloys contain a much lower volume fraction
of precipitates and the inter-precipitate distance is much smaller than in their nickel-base counterparts. In both cases however, the coarsening resistant
precipitates allow the alloys to retain their strength at high temperatures.[48]
The increased operating temperature of Al-Sc alloys has significant implications for energy efficient applications, particularly in the automotive
industry. These alloys can provide a replacement for denser materials such as steel and titanium that are used in 250-350 °C environments, such as in or
near engines. Replacement of these materials with lighter aluminium alloys leads to weight reductions which in turn leads to increased fuel
efficiencies.[49]
Additions of erbium and zirconium have been shown to increase the coarsening resistance of Al-Sc alloys to ~400 °C. This is achieved by the formation
of a slow-diffusing zirconium-rich shell around scandium and erbium-rich precipitate cores, forming strengthening precipitates with composition
Al3(Sc,Zr,Er).[50] Additional improvements in the coarsening resistance will allow these alloys to be used at increasingly higher temperatures.
Titanium alloys, which are stronger but heavier than Al-Sc alloys, are still much more widely used.[51]
The main application of metallic scandium by weight is in aluminium-scandium alloys for minor aerospace industry components. These alloys contain
between 0.1% and 0.5% (by weight) of scandium. They were used in the Russian military aircraft Mig 21 and Mig 29.[46]
Some items of sports equipment, which rely on high performance materials, have been made with scandium-aluminium alloys, including baseball
bats,[52] lacrosse sticks, as well as bicycle[53] frames and components, and tent poles. U.S. gunmaker Smith & Wesson produces revolvers with frames
composed of scandium alloy and cylinders of titanium. [54]
List of aerospace aluminium alloys

The following aluminium alloys are commonly used in aircraft and other aerospace structures:[55][56]
1420
2004; 2014; 2017; 2020; 2024; 2080; 2090; 2091; 2095; 2219; 2224; 2324; 2519; 2524
4047
6013; 6061; 6063; 6113; 6951;
7010; 7049; 7050; 7055; 7068; 7075; 7079; 7093; 7150; 7178; 7475;
8009;
Note that the term aircraft aluminium or aerospace aluminium usually refers to 7075.[57][58]
4047 alumunium is a unique alloy used in both the aerospace and automotive applications as a cladding alloy or filler material. As filler, aluminum alloy
4047 strips can be combined to intricate applications to bond two metals.[59]
6951 is a heat treatable alloy providing additional strength to the fins while increasing sag resistance; this allows the manufacturer to reduce the gauge of
the sheet and therefore reducing the weight of the formed fin. These distinctive features make aluminum alloy 6951 one of the preferred alloys for heat
transfer and heat exchangers manufactured for aerospace applications.[60]
6063 aluminium alloys are heat treatable with moderately high strength, excellent corrosion resistance and good extrudability. They are regularly used
as architectural and structural members.[61]
The following list of aluminium alloys are currently produced, but less widely used:
2090 aluminium
2124 aluminium
2324 aluminium
6013 aluminium
7050 aluminium
7055 aluminium
7150 aluminium
7475 aluminium
Marine alloys
These alloys are used for boat building and shipbuilding, and other marine and salt-water sensitive shore applications.[62]
5052 aluminium alloy

4043, 5183, 6005A, 6082 also used in marine constructions and off shore applications.
Cycling alloys
These alloys are used for cycling frames and components
2014 aluminium
6061 aluminium
6063 aluminium
7005 aluminium
7075 aluminium
Scandium aluminium
Automotive alloys
6111 aluminium and 2008 aluminium alloy are extensively used for external automotive body panels, with 5083 and 5754 used for inner body panels.
Bonnets have been manufactured from 2036, 6016, and 6111 alloys. Truck and trailer body panels have used 5456 aluminium.
Automobile frames often use 5182 aluminium or 5754 aluminium formed sheets, 6061 or 6063 extrusions.
Wheels have been cast from A356.0 aluminium or formed 5xxx sheet. [63]
Cylinder blocks and crankcases are often cast made of aluminium alloys. The most popular aluminium alloys used for cylinder blocks are A356, 319 and
to a minor extend 242.
Air and gas cylinders

6061 aluminum and 6351 aluminium [64] are widely used in breathing gas cylinders for scuba diving and SCBA alloys.
See also
References
1. I. J. Polmear, Light Alloys, Arnold, 1995
2. Hombergsmeier, Elke (2007). "Magnesium for Aerospace Applications" (http://www.materials.manchester.ac.uk/pdf/research/latest/magnesium/elke
_hombergsmeier_AEROMAG%20Paper_07.pdf) (PDF). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150906101435/http://www.materials.manchester.a
c.uk/pdf/research/latest/magnesium/elke_hombergsmeier_AEROMAG%20Paper_07.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved
1 December 2012.
3. SAE aluminium specifications list (http://www.sae.org/servlets/product?PROD_TYP=STD&PARENT_BPA_CD=AERO&TECH_CD=ALUMI),
accessed 8 October 2006. Also SAE Aerospace Council (http://www.sae.org/about/board/committees/arsp.htm) Archived (https://web.archive.org/w
eb/20060927041504/http://www.sae.org/about/board/committees/arsp.htm) 27 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 8 October
2006.
4. R.E. Sanders, Technology Innovation in aluminium Products, The Journal of The Minerals, 53(2):21–25, 2001. Online ed. (http://www.tms.org/pubs/j
ournals/JOM/0102/Sanders-0102.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120317025747/http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0102/Sande
rs-0102.html) 17 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
5. "Sheet metal material" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090615063211/http://www.precisionsheetmetal.com/home/materials.htm). Archived from the
original (http://www.precisionsheetmetal.com/home/materials.htm) on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
6. Degarmo, E. Paul; Black, J T.; Kohser, Ronald A. (2003). Materials and Processes in Manufacturing (9th ed.). Wiley. p. 133. ISBN 0-471-65653-4.
7. "Understanding the Aluminum Alloy Designation System" (http://www.esabna.com/us/en/education/blog/understanding-the-aluminum-alloy-designat
ion-system.cfm). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160729223543/http://www.esabna.com/us/en/education/blog/understanding-the-aluminu
m-alloy-designation-system.cfm) from the original on 29 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
8. "8xxx Series Alloys" (http://aluminium.matter.org.uk/content/html/eng/default.asp?catid=214&pageid=2144417087). aluMATTER.org. Archived (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20140505105418/http://aluminium.matter.org.uk/content/html/eng/default.asp?catid=214&pageid=2144417087) from the
original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
9. Davis, J.R. (2001). "Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys" (https://materialsdata.nist.gov/dspace/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11115/173/Aluminum%20and%2
0Aluminum%20Alloys%20Davis.pdf) (PDF). Alloying: Understanding the Basics. pp. 351–416. doi:10.1361/autb2001p351 (https://doi.org/10.1361%
2Fautb2001p351). ISBN 0-87170-744-6. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170210003957/https://materialsdata.nist.gov/dspace/xmlui/bitstre
am/handle/11115/173/Aluminum%20and%20Aluminum%20Alloys%20Davis.pdf?sequence=3) (PDF) from the original on 10 February 2017.
10. Grushko, Ovsyannikov & Ovchinnokov 2016 (Chapter 1. Brief History of Aluminum-Lithium Alloy Creation)
11. Toropova, L.S.; Eskin, D.G.; Kharakterova, M.L.; Dobatkina, T.V. (1998). Advanced Aluminum Alloys Containing Scandium Structure and
Properties. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. ISBN 90-5699-089-6. Table 49
12. ALLOY 2324-T39 PLATE (https://www.arconic.com/mill_products/catalog/pdf/alloy2324-t39techsheet.pdf)
13. Aluminum alloy Alclad 2029-T8 (https://www.arconic.com/mill_products/catalog/pdf/AAP2029-factsheet.pdf)
14. "Archived copy" (https://www.arconic.com/adip/catalog/AFE2055-factsheet.pdf) (PDF). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20171026053904/http
s://www.arconic.com/adip/catalog/AFE2055-factsheet.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
15. Effect of Mg and Zn Elements on the Mechanical Properties and Precipitates in 2099 Alloy (http://www.icaa-conference.net/ICAA12/pdf/P140.pdf)
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170406020553/http://www.icaa-conference.net/ICAA12/pdf/P140.pdf) 6 April 2017 at the Wayback
Machine
16. Precipitation of T1 and θ0 Phase in Al-4Cu-1Li-0.25Mn During Age Hardening: Microstructural Investigation and Phase-Field Simulation (http://ww
w.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/2/117/pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170404042920/http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/2/117/pdf) 4 April
2017 at the Wayback Machine
17. 2195 Aluminum Composition Spec (http://matls.com/search/DataSheet.aspx?MatGUID=4363dafc7f5545688506d8b4af1e9468&ckck=1)
18. Super Lightweight External Tank (http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/113020main_shuttle_lightweight.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20131123113509/http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/113020main_shuttle_lightweight.pdf) 23 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine,
NASA, retrieved 12 Dec 2013.
19. "Falcon 9" (https://www.webcitation.org/63btGA0Bq?url=http://www.spacex.com/falcon9.php). SpaceX. 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.
spacex.com/falcon9.php) on 1 December 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
20. Bjelde, Brian; Max Vozoff; Gwynne Shotwell (August 2007). "The Falcon 1 Launch Vehicle: Demonstration Flights, Status, Manifest, and Upgrade
Path" (http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1456&context=smallsat). 21st Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites
(SSC07 ‐ III ‐ 6). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131215202541/http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1456&context=
smallsat) from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
21. Aluminum alloy 2524-T3 (https://www.arconic.com/mill_products/catalog/pdf/alloy2524techsheet.pdf)
22. Kaufman, John Gilbert (2000). "Applications for Aluminium Alloys and Tempers". Introduction to aluminum alloys and tempers (https://books.google.
com/?id=idmZIDcwCykC&pg=PA93). ASM International. pp. 93–94. ISBN 978-0-87170-689-8.
23. 3102 (AlMn0.2, A93102) Aluminum (http://www.makeitfrom.com/material-properties/3102-AlMn0.2-A93102-Aluminum) Archived (https://web.archiv
e.org/web/20170331115707/http://www.makeitfrom.com/material-properties/3102-AlMn0.2-A93102-Aluminum) 31 March 2017 at the Wayback
Machine
24. [1] (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271892151_Microstructural_evolution_in_a_5024_aluminum_alloy_processed_by_ECAP_with_and_w
ithout_back_pressure)
25. https://www.stanleyengineeredfastening.com/fasteners/rivets/pop-micro POP® Micro Rivets]
26. ASM Handbook, Volume 5: Surface Engineering C.M. Cotell, J.A. Sprague, and F.A. Smidt, Jr., editors, p. 490 DOI: 10.1361/asmhba0001281 (http
s://materialsdata.nist.gov/bitstream/handle/11115/221/Anodizing.pdf?sequence=1)
27. Woldman’s Engineering Alloys, 9th Ed. (#06821G) ALLOY DATA/17 (https://www.asminternational.org/documents/10192/3459682/06821G_Alloy_D
ata.pdf/f6efdcbb-9457-45bb-85df-d5ed9b0441aa)
28. ALLOY 6013 SHEET HIGHER STRENGTH WITH IMPROVED FORMABILITY (https://www.arconic.com/mill_products/catalog/pdf/alloy6013techsh
eet.pdf)
29. New, Sleeker Samsung Smartphone Built Stronger with Alcoa’s Aerospace-Grade Aluminum (https://www.arconic.com/global/en/news/news_detail.
asp?pageID=20150604000278en&newsYear=2015)
30. ALLOY 6022 SHEET Higher Strength with Improved Formability (https://www.arconic.com/mill_products/catalog/pdf/Alloy6022TechSheet_rev2.pdf)
31. Cubesat design Specifications Ref. 13 (http://www.cubesat.org/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120204073030/http://www.cubesat.org/) 4
February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
32. Placzankis, Brian E. (September 2009). General Corrosion Resistance Comparisons of Medium- and High-Strength Aluminum Alloys for DOD
Systems Using Laboratory-Based Accelerated Corrosion Methods (https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA516812) (Report). U.S. Army Research
Laboratory. DTIC ADA516812; ARL-TR-4937. Retrieved 11 August 2018 – via Internet Archive.
33. RSP alloys datasheet (http://www.rsp-technology.com/site-media/user-uploads/rsp-technology-high-strength.pdf)
34. 7055 ALLOY-T7751 PLATE AND-T77511 EXTRUSIONS (https://www.arconic.com/mill_products/catalog/pdf/alloy7055-t7751techsheet.pdf)
35. Aluminum alloy 7065 (https://www.arconic.com/mill_products/catalog/pdf/alloy7065factsheet.pdf)
36. Aluminum alloy 7085 High strength, high toughness, corrosion-resistant thick plate (https://www.arconic.com/mill_products/catalog/pdf/AAP7085-fa
ctsheet.pdf)
37. Aluminum alloy 7255-T7751 Very high strength, fatigue-resistant plate (https://www.arconic.com/mill_products/catalog/pdf/AAP7255-factsheet.pdf)
38. Y. Barbaux, G. Pons, "New rapidly solidified aluminium alloys for elevated temperature applications on aerospace structures", Journal de Physique
IV Colloque, 1993, 03 (C7), pp.C7-191-C7-196 (https://hal.inria.fr/file/index/docid/251932/filename/ajp-jp4199303C729.pdf)
39. R.B. Ross, "Metallic Materials Specification Handbook", p.1B-11
40. Aluminum 8030 Alloy (UNS A98030) (https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8785)
41. "Aluminum 8176 Alloy (UNS A98176)" (https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=8788). AZO materials. 20 May 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
42. ASM Metals Handbook Vol. 2, Properties and Selection of Nonferrous Alloys and Special Purpose Materials, ASM International (p. 222)
43. Gilbert Kaufman, J (2000). "3". Introduction to Aluminum Alloys and Tempers (https://books.google.com/books/about/Introduction_to_Aluminum_All
oys_and_Temp.html?id=idmZIDcwCykC). ASM International. p. 25. ISBN 9781615030668.
44. ASTM B 26 / B 26M – 05
45. Parker, Dana T. Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II, p. 39, 118, Cypress, CA, 2013. ISBN 978-0-
9897906-0-4.
46. Ahmad, Zaki (2003). "The properties and application of scandium-reinforced aluminum". JOM. 55 (2): 35. Bibcode:2003JOM....55b..35A (http://adsa
bs.harvard.edu/abs/2003JOM....55b..35A). doi:10.1007/s11837-003-0224-6 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11837-003-0224-6).
47. Marquis, Emmanuelle (2002). "Precipitation strengthening at ambient and elevated temperatures of heat-treatable Al(Sc) alloys". Acta Materialia.
50 (16): 4021. doi:10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00201-X (https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1359-6454%2802%2900201-X).
48. Vo, Nhon (2016). "Role of silicon in the precipitation kinetics of dilute Al-Sc-Er-Zr alloys". Materials Science and Engineering: A. 677 (20): 485.
doi:10.1016/j.msea.2016.09.065 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.msea.2016.09.065).
49. "Heat Resistant Superalloys" (http://www.nanoal.com/publications.html). NanoAl. 2016. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161112022057/htt
p://www.nanoal.com/publications.html) from the original on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
50. Vo, Nhon (2014). "Improving aging and creep resistance in a dilute Al-Sc alloy by microalloying with Si, Zr, and Er". Acta Materialia. 63 (15): 73.
doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2013.10.008 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.actamat.2013.10.008).
51. Schwarz, James A.; Contescu, Cristian I.; Putyera, Karol (2004). Dekker encyclopedia of nanoscience and nanotechnology (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=aveTxwZm40UC&pg=PA2274). 3. CRC Press. p. 2274. ISBN 0-8247-5049-7. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170128215800/
https://books.google.com/books?id=aveTxwZm40UC&pg=PA2274) from the original on 28 January 2017.
52. Bjerklie, Steve (2006). "A batty business: Anodized metal bats have revolutionized baseball. But are finishers losing the sweet spot?". Metal
Finishing. 104 (4): 61. doi:10.1016/S0026-0576(06)80099-1 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0026-0576%2806%2980099-1).
53. "Easton Technology Report : Materials / Scandium" (http://www.eastonbike.com/downloadable_files_unprotected/r&d_files/R&D-03%20Scandium.p
df) (PDF). EastonBike.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20081123043549/http://www.eastonbike.com/downloadable_files_unprotected/
r%26d_files/R%26D-03%20Scandium.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 23 November 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2009.
54. "Small Frame (J) – Model 340PD Revolver" (http://www.smith-wesson.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?storeId=10001&catalogId=11
101&langId=-1&productId=14765&tabselected=tech&isFirearm=Y&parent_category_rn=15704). Smith & Wesson. Archived (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20071030222256/http://www.smith-wesson.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?storeId=10001&catalogId=11101&langId=-1&pro
ductId=14765&tabselected=tech&isFirearm=Y&parent_category_rn=15704) from the original on 30 October 2007. Retrieved 20 October 2008.
55. Fundamentals of Flight, Shevell, Richard S., 1989, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-339060-8, Ch 18, pp 373–386.
56. Winston O. Soboyejo, T.S. Srivatsan, "Advanced Structural Materials: Properties, Design Optimization, and Applications", p. 245 Table 9.4. -
Nominal composition of Aluminium Aerospace Alloys
57. "Aluminum in Aircraft" (http://www.aluminum.org/Content/NavigationMenu/TheIndustry/TransportationMarket/Aircraft/default.htm). Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20090421062405/http://www.aluminum.org/Content/NavigationMenu/TheIndustry/TransportationMarket/Aircraft/default.htm)
from the original on 21 April 2009. Retrieved 21 April 2009.
58. Wagner, PennyJo (Winter 1995). "Aircraft aluminum" (http://nlites.com/article_aircraft_aluminum.htm). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20090
405011408/http://nlites.com/article_aircraft_aluminum.htm) from the original on 5 April 2009. Retrieved 21 April 2009.
59. "Aluminum Alloy 4047" (http://lynchmetals.com/aluminum-alloy-4047). Lynch Metals, Inc. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170227044549/ht
tp://lynchmetals.com/aluminum-alloy-4047) from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
60. "Aluminum Alloy 6951" (http://lynchmetals.com/aluminum-alloy-6951). Lynch Metals, Inc. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20170227044433/ht
tp://lynchmetals.com/aluminum-alloy-6951) from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
61. Karthikeyan, L.; Senthil Kumar, V.S. (2011). "Relationship between process parameters and mechanical properties of friction stir processed
AA6063-T6 aluminum alloy". Materials and Design. 32: 3085–3091. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2010.12.049 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.matdes.2010.1
2.049).
62. Boatbuilding with aluminium, Stephen F. Pollard, 1993, International Marine, ISBN 0-07-050426-1
63. Kaufman, John (2000). Introduction to aluminum alloys and tempers (http://www.asminternational.org/pdf/spotlights/6180_pg87-118_web.pdf)
(PDF). ASM International. pp. 116–117. ISBN 0-87170-689-X. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20111215154542/http://www.asminternational.
org/pdf/spotlights/6180_pg87-118_web.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 15 December 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2011.
64. "A short Review of 6351 Alloy Aluminum Cylinders" (http://www.psicylinders.com/inspectors/library/18-a-short-review-of-6351-alloy-aluminum-cylind
ers). Professional Scuba Inspectors. 1 July 2011. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131210111922/http://www.psicylinders.com/inspectors/lib
rary/18-a-short-review-of-6351-alloy-aluminum-cylinders) from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
Bibliography
Grushko, Olga; Ovsyannikov, Boris; Ovchinnokov, Viktor (2016). Eskin, D. G. (ed.). Aluminum-Lithium Alloys: Process Metallurgy, Physical
Metallurgy, and Welding (https://www.google.com/books/edition/Aluminum_Lithium_Alloys/YDCLDQAAQBAJ). Advances in metallic alloys. 8. CRC
Press/Taylor & Francis Group. doi:10.1201/9781315369525 (https://doi.org/10.1201%2F9781315369525). ISBN 9781498737173.
OCLC 943678703 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/943678703). Lay summary (https://www.crcpress.com/Aluminum-Lithium-Alloys-Process-Metallur
gy-Physical-Metallurgy-and-Welding/Grushko-Ovsyannikov-Ovchinnokov/p/book/9781498737173).
External links
Aluminium alloys for die casting according to the Japanese Standards, China National Standards, U.S. Standards and German Standards (http://w
ww.gwp-ag.com/media/www.gwp-ag.com/org/med_645/804_aluminum_alloys_for_die_casting.pdf)
Aluminium alloys for chill casting and low pressure casting according to the Japanese, Chinese, American and German industrial standard (http://w
ww.gwp-ag.com/media/www.gwp-ag.com/org/med_645/803_aluminum_alloys_for_chill_casting_and_low_pressure_casting.pdf)
Aluminium alloys for extrusion according to the German Standards (http://www.gwp-ag.com/media/www.gwp-ag.com/org/med_645/805_aluminum_
alloys_for_extrusion.pdf)
The Aluminium Association's chemical composition standards for wrought aluminium (http://www.aluminum.org/sites/default/files/Teal_Sheets.pdf)
"The EAA Alumatter" computer-based reference database containing technical information on the most widely used aluminium alloys, their
mechanical, physical and chemical properties (http://www.aluminium.matter.org.uk/aluselect/)
"Applications for Aluminium Alloys and Tempers. (http://www.pa-international.com.au/images/stories/Applications-for-Aluminum-Alloys-and-Temper
s.pdf)
Influence of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloy (http://www.pa-international.com.au/images/stories/Heat-Treatment-M
echanical-Properties-Aluminium-Alloy-6066.pdf)
Aluminium: physical properties, characteristics and alloys (http://www.alueurope.eu/talat/lectures/1501.pdf)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_alloy&oldid=893684773"
This page was last edited on 22 April 2019, at 23:16 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of
Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

Aluminium Alloy

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Aluminium Alloy

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

5/2/2019 Aluminium alloy - Wikipedia

Engineering use and aluminum alloys properties

Aluminium alloy bicycle wheel.

Heat sensitivity considerations

1000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications

1199 99.99 - Foil[9]

1420# 92.9 Mg 5.0; Li 2.0; Zr 0.1 Aerospace

1421# 92.9 Mg 5.0; Li 2.0; Mn 0.2; Sc 0.2; Zr 0.1 Aerospace[11]

# Not an International Alloy Designation System name

2000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications

2024 93.5 Cu 4.4; Mn 0.6; Mg 1.5 Universal, aerospace[12]

aerospace,[16][17] Space Shuttle Super Lightweight external

2224&2324 93.8 Cu 4.1; Mn 0.6; Mg 1.5 Plate[12]

2524 93.8 Cu 4.2; Mn 0.6; Mg 1.4 Plate, sheet[21]

3000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications

3004 97.8 Mn 1.2; Mg 1 Universal, beverage cans[22]

3102 99.8 Mn 0.2 Work-hardened[23]

4000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications

5000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications

5024 94.5 Mg 4.6; Mn 0.6; Zr 0.1; Sc 0.2 Extrusions, aerospace[24]

5154 & 5254 96.2 Mg 3.5; Cr 0.25; Universal, rivets[25]

5457 98.7 Mg 1.0; Mn 0.2; Cu 0.1 Sheet, automobile trim[26]

5557 99.1 Mg 0.6; Mn 0.2; Cu 0.1 Sheet, automobile trim[27]

6000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications

6022 97.9 Si 1.1; Mg 0.6; Mn 0.05; Cu 0.05; Fe 0.3 Sheet, automotive[30]

7000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications

Fe 0.5max; Si 0.5max;Zn 4.3–5.2; Mg 2.6–3.7; Mn 0.1–0.4; Cu 0.5–1.0; Cr 0.1–

7055 87.2 Zn 8.0; Mg 2.3; Cu 2.3; Zr 0.1 Plate, extrusions, aerospace[34]

7065 88.5 Zn 7.7; Mg 1.6; Cu 2.1; Zr 0.1 Plate, aerospace[35]

7085 89.4 Zn 7.5; Mg 1.5; Cu 1.6 Thick plate, aerospace[36]

7255 87.5 Zn 8.0; Mg 2.1; Cu 2.3; Zr 0.1 Plate, aerospace[37]

8000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications

8014 98.2 Fe 1.4; Mn 0.4; universal[39]

8030 99.3 Fe 0.5; Cu 0.2 wire[40]

8176 99.3 Fe 0.6; Si 0.1 electrical wire[41]

Wrought aluminium alloy composition limits (% weight)

0.50– 3.9– 0.40– 0.20–

1xx.x series are minimum 99% aluminium

Minimum tensile requirements for cast aluminium alloys[44]

705.0 A07050 T5 30.0 (207) 17.0 (117)† 5.0

707.0 A07070 T7 37.0 (255) 30.0 (207)† 1.0

710.0 A07100 T5 32.0 (221) 20.0 (138) 2.0

712.0 A07120 T5 34.0 (234) 25.0 (172)† 4.0

713.0 A07130 T5 32.0 (221) 22.0 (152) 3.0

to rapid coarsening of their strengthening precipitates.[47]

List of aerospace aluminium alloys

5052 aluminium alloy

Air and gas cylinders

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_alloy&oldid=893684773"

This page was last edited on 22 April 2019, at 23:16 (UTC).

You might also like