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Umandal, Larison P. Hum 313 Bsaee 3-3 Dr. Manuel Corbo Sentillas SR
Umandal, Larison P. Hum 313 Bsaee 3-3 Dr. Manuel Corbo Sentillas SR
HUM 313
BSAeE 3-3 Dr. Manuel Corbo Sentillas Sr.
INTRODUCTION
EXAMPLES:
Biag ti Maysa a Lakay, Wenno Nakaam-ames a Bales” (“Life of an old Man, or a Dreadful
Revenge”)– Mariano Gaerlan (1909)
“Uray Narigat no Paguimbagan” (“Impovement Despite Obstacles”) – Facundo Madriaga
(1911)
“Apay a Pinatayda ni Naw Simon?” (“Why did they Kill Don Simon?”) - Leon C. Pichay
(1935) – first known detective novel in Iloko
The most important event in the history of Cagayan Valley took place in 1572 when
Spanish Conquistador Don Juan de Salcedo traced the northern coast and landed at
the mouth of the Pamplona River. Before his visit, early Cagayanos reveled in a civilization
of their own.
The Spanish occupation in Cagayan was recorded to have started in 1581 when
Gobernador Gonzalo Ronquillo de Penaloza sent Juan Pablo Carreon to the north to
drive away a Japanese fleet under the command of Taifusa. Carreon succeeded in his
mission and proceeded upriver to look for future pueblo sites and thus making a name
for himself in the process.
Cagayan Valley abounds with natural resources and exudes with development
potentials that consist of rich agricultural areas, forestland and grasslands, inland and
marine resources.
The Ybanags, Itawits and Malawegs are mainly lowland farmers whose agricultural
practices are similar to those of the Ilokanos. The Ybanags used to inhabit the area along
the Cagayan coast but migrated further inland. They conducted trade with neighboring
areas using distinctive seacrafts, and their commercial interests made their language the
medium of commerce throughout the region before the influx of Ilokano migrants. They
are also excellent blacksmiths and continue to make good bolos. The Ybanags are
reputed to be the tallest of all the ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines.
The Itawits are almost indistinguishable from the Ybanags. They build their houses
with separate kitchens, connected by a narrow walkway that is used as washing area for
hands and feet. The Itawits are noted for their pottery and basket-weaving traditions.
The culture of Cagayan is showcased in museums, historical buildings and
archeological sites spread across the province. In Solana, the Neolithic archeological
sites in Lanna have yielded stone tools used as early as 20,000 years back. The Cabarruan
jar burial site, also in the town, features ancient Filipino traditions of taking care of their
dead. The Cagayan Museum is a repository of the province´s cultural heritage. Iron Age
pottery, Chinese Ming and Sung dynasty porcelain pieces as well as Church
paraphernalia are on display together with Paleolithic fossils. The oldest bell in the
country, cast in 1592, still peals from the tower of the church in Camalaniugan. The old
brick works in Tuguegarao lie inside the city and speak of a time when bricks were
extensively used to build the beautiful churches of the Cagayan.
The Ybanag dialect was a very potent factor in the difficult and hazardous
evangelization of the pagan and hostile inhabitants of the Cagayan Valley.
The evangelization and pacification of the valley were difficult because the
communities found by the colonizers were far apart, separated by primeval spans of wild
forests with crocodile-infested rivers to cross or along which the missionaries and soldiers
had to travel. There were also the great calamities--epidemic, locust infestations, floods
and earthquakes--which caused great difficulties and sufferings to the people, and
though to us today the calamities were natural phenomena, the pagan natives blamed
their occurences on the coming of the white people.
The early chronicles of Cagayan Valley , the natives, especially the Irrayas and
Gaddangs, were fierce and warlike. This was so, apparently because living in separate
communities, independent of each other, they cultivated fierce love for freedom. Thus,
they resisted the abuses committed by the officials and their encomienderos, to the
extent of rising a revolt--the history of the province tells of numerous and frequent
insurrections in some of which the native rebels killed all the Spanish officials.
It was always the missionaries who consoled the natives in time of the calamities
and who pacified them when they revolted, for the guns of the Spanish soldiers were
futile against the fury which the natives displayed in defense of their rights and
sense of freedom.
Nu Nunuk Du Tukun, minuhung as The Nunuk on the hill short forth the leaves
kadisi na; and twigs;
Ichapungpung diya am yaken u Then suddenly all its branches fell and I
nilangan na. under it.
Kapatalamaran ava su avang di On what is left I cannot watch the boats on
idaud the sea
Ta miyan du inayebngan na, ta miyan For I stand on the side from the sea.
du inayebngan na.
I weep in my grief?
Nu itanis ko an nu an didien ko; It was the sea that made me an orphan;
Ta nu taw aya u suminbang diyaken; The sad news came to me in the roar of the
Na maliliyak a pahung as maheheyet breakers,
a riyes. From the voice of the mighty sea currents.
U minahey niya diyaken.
Once upon a time, there was a very poor couple who had only one son. His name
was Bernard Carpio. Since this family led only a hand to mouth existence, both husband
and wife had to work for living. Whenever the mother went out to work, she would lock
up the baby in the house. She would just give him something to play with. Upon coming
home, she would find all the toys of the baby broken into small pieces. This happened
everyday until the mother could no longer give the baby anything to play with. So the
baby was lest in the house without any toy, when she came home to feed him, the
mother was surprised that the walls and studs of their house were either destroy or broken.
She remains silent but observant. As soon as these parts of the house had been repaired,
she again left Bernardo Carpio alone. When she came home, she found the same in
shambles. Next time, the mother deliberately gave her son an iron rod to play with. Again
he broke rod into pieces. Now the parents were growing alarmed over the extraordinary
strength of Bernardo. News of it also spread in the neighborhood.
As a child grew up, he was recognized as the strongest boy in the village. He
challenged to fight those who dared him and defeated them all. As man, hid prowess
was also acclaimed in the whole country. This popularity made him very proud. He was
so proud that even he dared challenged God. At first, God gave him the upper hand.
But on the third trial, when God asked him to stop the quarrel between the two big
mountains, Bernardo failed. In a conceited gesture, he impulsively went between the
warring mountains. He extended his arms to stop them but instead, he got between the
two mountains and was buried alive with his head out.
Today, it was believed that whenever Bernardo Carpio struggles to free himself
from the grip of the mountains, the earth quakes. The old folks also say that when he
finally frees himself, that will be the end of the world.
In 1571, when the Spanish took hold of Central Luzon, they renamed the area to
La Pampanga. Central Luzon is mostly composed of 'Tagalog' speaking natives. During
this period of time, many different literary works arose.
Pampanga Literature
A showcase of unique and diverse words of art shaped by rich and colorful
traditions.
Highlights of the local traditions
Giant Lantern Festival – San Fernando Pampanga
Lubenas Angeles City
Lenten Ritual
Self flagellation
Putting up puni
Singing of pasyon
Basulto
march (flute and drums)
Courage, sense of pride, and the moral values of the people of Pampanga are
seen in the often categorized as seditious plays of Aurelio Tolentino.
Holy Angel University - center of Kapampangan studies and with the direction of
Mr. Robby Tantingco an “Outstanding Kapampangan” awardee
Riddles
aeta riddles
Kapampangan riddles
EXAMPLE:
Are you that Someone
by: Lori Ungacta
Rizal's two books "Noli Me Tangere" (Touch Me Not) which he wrote while he was in
Berlin, Germany in 1887 and "El Filibusterismo" (The Rebel) in Ghent, Belgiun in 1891
exposed the cruelties of the Spanish friars in the Philippines, the defects of the
Spanish administration and the vices of the clergy, these books told about the
oppression of the Spanish colonial rule. These two books made Rizal as a marked
man to the Spanish friars.
EXAMPLE
The name of this region is an acronym that combines the names of its provinces:
Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan.
With its National Parks, World Heritage Sites, protected marine areas and even wild
safari parks, the MIMAROPA region is definitely something different. You won’t find big
cities, bustling highways, or traffic jams here. You will find rugged roads, palm-fringed
beaches, and peace and serenity.
There’s an enchantment to this region, especially underwater. Above land you’ll
find simple towns, delicious seafood, and the quiet, laid-back island life that the people
of MIMAROPA have had for centuries.
EXAMPLE:
There was once an old woman who had an only son named Suan. Suan was a
clever, sharp-witted boy. His mother sent him to school. Instead of going to school,
however, Suan climbed up the tree that stood by the roadside. As soon as his mother
had passed by from the market, Suan hurried home ahead of her. When she reached
home, he cried, “Mother, I know what you bought in the market to-day.” He then told
her, article by article. This same thing happened so repeatedly, that his mother began to
believe in his skill as a diviner.
One day the ring of the datu’s daughter disappeared. All the people in the locality
searched for it, but in vain. The datu called for volunteers to find the lost ring, and he
offered his daughter’s hand as a prize to the one who should succeed. Suan’s mother
heard of the proclamation. So she went to the palace and presented Suan to the datu.
“Well, Suan, tomorrow tell me where the ring is,” said the datu. “Yes, my lord, I will tell you,
if you will give your soldiers over to me for tonight,” Suan replied. “You shall have
everything you need,” said the datu.
That evening Suan ordered the soldiers to stand around him in a semicircle. When
all were ready, Suan pointed at each one of them, and said, “The ring is here, and
nowhere else.” It so happened that Suan fixed his eyes on the guilty soldier, who trembled
and became pale. “I know who has it,” said Suan. Then he ordered them to retire. Late
in the night this soldier came to Suan, and said, “I will get the ring you are in search of,
and will give it to you if you will promise me my safety.” “Give it to me, and you shall be
safe,” said Suan.
Very early the next morning Suan came to the palace with a turkey in his arms.
“Where is the ring?” the datu demanded. “Why, sir, it is in this turkey’s intestines,” Suan
replied. The turkey was then killed, and the ring was found inside it. “You have done very
well, Suan. Now you shall have my daughter’s hand,” said the datu. So Suan became
the princess’s husband.
One day the datu proposed a bet with anyone who wished to prove Suan’s skill.
Accordingly another datu came. He offered to bet seven cascos of treasure that Suan
could not tell the number of seeds that were in his orange. Suan did not know what to
do. At midnight he went secretly to the cascos. Here he heard their conversation, and
from it he learned the number of seeds in the orange. In the morning Suan said boastfully,
“I tell you, your orange has nine seeds.” Thus Suan won the whole treasure. Hoping to
recover his loss, the datu came again. This time he had with him fourteen cascos full of
gold. He asked Suan to tell him what was inside his golden ball. Suan did not know what
to say. So in the dead of night he went out to the cascos, but he could learn nothing
there. The next morning Suan was summoned into the presence of the two datus. He had
no idea whatever as to what was in the ball; so he said scornfully, “Nonsense!” “That is
right, that is right!” shouted a man. “The ball contains nine cents.” Consequently Suan
won the fourteen cascos full of gold. From now on, nobody doubted Suan’s merit.