(Ch.

3
Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering
36
(vii) density of population over the catchment area;
(viii) distance between the proposed site and the point of distribution
(ix)
elevation of reservoir level;
facilities of transport for men and materials
(x)
geological conditions of basin of storage area;
nature of land to be acquired;
(xi)
(xii)
|(xi11) possibilities of earthquake occurrences due to the storage of water;
(xiv) quality of water available;
(XV) quality of water likely to come to the reservoir site
(xvi) watertightness of the reservoir area; etc
(2) Storage capacity of the reservoir: Following are the two methods which
are used to compute the storage capacity of reservoir
(i)
Analytical method
(ii)
Graphical or mass curve method.
Analytical method: In this method, an analysis of demand and supply of
water per month of the year is made. Following procedure is adopted:
(a) The average monthly rainfall for every month of year is determined.
(i)
(b) The average coefficient of runoff for different months of year is
worked out by suitable method.
(c) The multiplication of (a) and (b) indicates the total surface flow in
the stream for different months of the year
(d) From the available surface runoff, the quantity representing various
losses such as evaporation loss, penetration loss, etc. is subtracted.
This gives the net supply of water from the stream for different
months of the year.
(e) Now the demand of water for every month of year is worked out.
(f) The surplus or deficiency of water for each month is obtained by
manipulation of above results. When supply is more, it indicates
surplus and when supply is less, it indicates deficiency
(g) The total deficiency during successive months gives the storage
capacity of reservoir
(h) If provision is to be made for two or three successive dry years, the
capacity obtained in (g) above is increased accordingly.
or mass curve method: In this method, the required storage
Graphical
capacity of the reservoir is worked out graphically
(a) The intervals in months are marked along X-axis as shown in fig. 3-6.
For illustration, 12 months of any particular year are taken. It is
desirable to select the worst year for computing storage capacity of
the reservoir
(ii)
as follows
(b) The demand line or draw-off line is then drawn on the graph. For this
purpose, the average demand per month is assumed and for plotting
the demand for successive months is accumulated. For instance, if