Art.

3-111
Sources of Water Supply
43
3-11. FORMS OF UNDERGROUND SOURCES
Following are the four forms in which underground sources are found
Infiltration galleries
(1)
Infiltration wells
(2)
(3)
Springs
Wells
(4)
Each of the above form of the underground sources will now be separately
discussed in brief
(I) Infiltration galleries: An infiltration gallery is a horizontal or nearly
horizontal
tunnel which is constructed through water bearing strata It is sometimes referred
to as the horizontal well
The gallery is usually constructed of brick walls with slab roof as shown in
fig 3-11. The gallery obtains its water from the water bearing strata by various
porous drain pipes. These pipes are covered with gravel, pebble, etc
prevent the entry of very fine material into the pipe.
So as to
Water table
Sandy river bank
R.C.C slab
Brick
Infiltration
gallery
Loose material
River or Stream
wall
Porous
drain pipes
Foundation
Infiltration gallery
FIG. 3-11
The gallery is laid at a
sump from where it is pumped and supplied to consumers after proper treatment
The manholes are provided along the infiltration gallery for the purposes of
deaning and inspection
slope and the water collected in the gallery is led to a
The infiltration galleries are useful as source of water supply when ground
water is avalable in sufficient quantity just below ground level or so. The
galleries
are usually constructed at depth of about 5 to 10 metres from the ground level
In another form, the gallery assumes the form of an outlet pipe having
perforations all around its surface. These perforations are covered with gravel,
pebble,
etc., and they work as filters. Such construction is known as the infiltration
pipes
and it
adopted when quantity of available ground
water
ma
(2) Infiltration wells: In order to obtain large quantities of water, the
infiltration
wells are sunk in series in the banks of river. The wells are closed at top and
open at bottom. They are constructed of brick masonry with open joints as shown
in fig. 3-12