A.

Background
in understanding the English language we have to learn
therules in the preparation of the word. sentences that are
arrangede ectively and can be understood both in reading and
incommunicating directly. because in practice we strongly support
thedirect and easier for us to read, listen to information, which
isrooted in English. bene ts we study the gerund form so that we
can put theverb (verb) and coupled with the su x (su x) ing
which thenserves as a noun (noun).
 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. The Difinition of Gerund

A gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing." The gerund form of the verb
"read" is "reading." You can use a gerund as the subject, the complement, or the
object of a sentence. Gerund is a verb (Verb) used but changed its function as a
noun (Noun). or it can also be said that the gerund is a verb into a noun (Verbal
Noun).

Gerund adalah kata benda yang berasal dari kata kerja ditambah –ing, misalnya
swimming, eating, fishing, shopping, dancing, dan singing.

Bentuk dari Gerund adalah: VERB 1 + ING

Contohnya: swimming, shopping, talking, playing, sleeping, eating, etc.

B. The Function of Gerund

Dalam kalimat, gerund berfungsi sebagai;

a) subjek (subject)
b) pelengkap subjek (subjective complement)
c) objek langsung (direct object)
d) objek preposisi (object of preposition)

C. Kinds of Gerund

1. Subject
Gerund as subject use when want use verb as the subject of a sentence or phrase.

Example :

 Your singing is very beautiful.

 Studying needs time and patience.
 Playing tennis is fun.
2. Subjective Complement
Gerund sebagai pelengkap subjek dalam kalimat biasanya selalu didahului to be
yang terletak di antara subject dan subjective complement, contoh:
- My favorite sport is running.
- My favorite activity is reading.

3. Direct Object
Gerund sebagai objek langsung dalam kalimat, contoh:
- I enjoy dancing.
- She likes dancing.
- Thank you for coming.
- I hate arguing.

4. Object of Preposition
Ada dua kemungkinan jika Gerund digunakan sebagai Object, yakni Object
of Preposition (ObjectKata Depan) dan Object of Verb (Object Kata Kerja).

o Menggunakan Gerund Sebagai Object of Preposition (Object Preposisi)

Formula: Preposition + Gerund (Verb + Ing)

Contoh:

We talk about going to Bali for our vacation.

She is not interesting in looking for a new job.

Thank you for helping me carry the bag.

B. Reported Speech
Reported Speech is a way how we report what someone has said by
changing some of the words said, but retaining the same meaning.

Reported speech is when you tell somebody else what you’re a person said
before.

Different Types of Sentences

When you use reported speech, you either report:

a. Stements
b. Questions
c. Other Types
 a. Statements

When transforming statements, check whether you have to change:

1. Pronouns
In reported speech, you often have to change the pronoun depending on
who says what.
Example : She says, “My dad likes roast chicken.” She says that her dad
likes roast chicken
2. Tenses
a. If the sentence starts in the present, there is no backshift of tenses in
reported speech
b. If the sentence starts in the past, there is often backshift of tenses in
reported speech
Example :
No backshift: He says that he writes poems
Backshift : He said that wrote poems

b. Questions

When transforming questions, check whether you have to change:

1. Pronouns
2. Place and time expressions
3. Tenses

Also note that you have to:

1. Transform the question into an indirect question

2. Use the question word (where, when, what, how) or if / whether

c. Other Transformations
1. Expression of advice with must, should and ought are usually reported
using advise / urge
Example: “You must read this book”
He advised / urged me to read that book.
2. The expression let’s is usually reported using suggest. In this case, there
are two possibilities for reported speech: gerund or statements with should
Example:
“Lets go to the cinema”
1. He suggested going to the cinema
2. He suggested that we should go to the cinema
3. Reported speech with gerund :
We usually use a gerund structure to report thanking,
apologies,accusations, and so on.
Ex: “Sorry, I’m late”
She apologized for being late
Ex:” I didn’t do that”
She denied doing that

Form:
V+(O)+Preposition+(not)+ V-ing Using object + preposition +
gerund after these verbs :
accuse ( of), congratulate ( on ), forgive ( for ), prevent( from ), stop
(from), suspect (of), thank ( for ), warn (against) ...

Ex: “ You tell lies” said they

→They accused me of telling lies
“ Don’t buy this car”
→They prevented us from buying that car
Apologize to somebody on doing something

Ex: “ I am sorry that I made you wait last night”

→She apologized to me on making me wait the previous night

Suggest, Stop, Admit, Deny, Mention, Propose , Look Forward

To+ V-ing

Ex: “ Why don’t we go on picnic tomorrow ?”

→She suggested going on picnic the following day
Insist on , Dream of + V-ing

Ex : “ I will pay for the meal”

→ Lucy insisted on paying for the meal
 refrence

http://puspitafajerin.blogspot.com/2013/05/makalah-grammar-3-gerund.html

www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-reported-speech.php