INTRODUCTION "Development of an IoT System with

Smart Charging Current Control for

Electric cars came into existence in
Electric Vehicles”. This paper
early 20th century, when electricity
presents the development and test of
was preferred in automobile industry.
an Internet of Things (IoT) system for
Further the global economic recession
monitoring and control of electric
of late 2000s called to abandon the
vehicles. The IoT architecture, which
fuel inefficient SUVs, in favour of
was developed using the Firebase
small cars, hybrid cars and electric
platform, allows the synchronization
cars. Electric vehicle has gained more
of the vehicles' data to the online
interest from the past years and the
server, as well as the access to the
number of electric vehicle is
data outside of the vehicle, though the
increasing around the world. The
Internet. The smart charging system
electric vehicles are user friendly. The
proposed in this paper allows the
main problem in using electric vehicle
control of the electric vehicle's battery
is the battery voltage level is
charging current in real time, based on
unknown and no idea about the
the demand at the residence (home
nearest charging station. In electric
current), which is measured using a
vehicles the voltage level in batteries
residential wireless sensor network
can be detected using voltage sensor
(WSN). An Android mobile app was
circuit which is connected to Arduino.
developed to access the vehicle's data.
With the Arduino programming the
This app communicates with the
voltage level is sensed and the output
wireless sensor nodes of an intra-
is given to Arduino. LED indicates
vehicular wireless sensor network
the voltage level which is regarded as
(IVWSN), which was developed
alert. LCD displays the voltage level.
using the Bluetooth Low Energy
Then using android app application
(BLE) protocol. A real time
the nearest charging station is
notification system was also
identified.
implemented to alert users about
LITERATURE SURVEY
certain events, such as low battery and
R. A. Sousa, V. Monteiro, J. C. full battery charge. The main features
Ferreira, A. A. Nogueiras Melendez, of the proposed IoT system are
J. L. Afonso and J. A. Afonso,

1
validated through experimental
results.
F. Zhang, X. Zhang, M. Zhang and A.
S. E. Edmonds, "Literature review of
electric vehicle technology and its
applications". This paper reviews the
technical background of electric
vehicle technology and its
applications. A number of important
concepts frequently used in this field
are explained, and the technical
details, including the theoretical
principles, are given alongside
practical systems pertaining to several
kinds of electric charging piles. It
critically appraises a number of state-
of-the-art research progresses in this
field developed within the last ten
years. Finally, it points out the future
potential research directions regarding
electric vehicle technology and its
applications, especially of charging
techniques. By reading this review
paper, readers will not only grasp a
technical background of electric
vehicle technology, but also gain a
full picture of the research field.
X. Chen, W. Shen, T. T. Vo, Z. Cao
and A. Kapoor, "An overview of
lithium-ion batteries for electric
vehicles. Lithium ion battery is the
most preferable battery. It fulfills the
minimum goals of the United States
2
Advanced Battery Consortium
(USABC) for usage of Electric
vehicles. Although there are various
types of lithium-ion batteries have
been widely used to power the EVs,
the performance characteristics of
these batteries are not clearly
specified in a more comparable way.
There are four types of lithium ion
battery and their specification
analysis, capabilities and suitability as
the energy source in EVs is taken into
account. Results can be used as
medium for selecting lithium-ion
batteries for battery management
system (BMS) design in EVs.
METHODOLOGY
ARDUINO UNO
The arduino Uno is a small
microcontroller board. It can powered
by the USB connection or with an
external power supply. The power
source is selected automatically. The
pin may supply below 5v and the
board is unstable and above 12v the
voltage regulator may overheat and
damage the board. The committed
range is 5v to 12v.

Figure 3.1 Arduino Uno (ATmega 328)
VIN: The input voltage to the
Arduino board when it’s using an
external power source as a 5v.
5V: The regulated power supply used
to power the microcontroller and the
other components on the board.
GND: Ground pins.
RX AND TX: Used to receive(RX)
and transmit(TX) serial data. These
pins are connected to
corresponding pins of the arduino to
the serial chip.
EXTERNAL INTERRUPTS (2 and
3): These pins can be configured to
trigger an interrupt on a low value, a
rising and falling edge, or a change in
value.
PWM (3,5,6,9,10 and 11): Provide 8-
bit PWM output with analog write
function.
PIN 10,11,12,13: These pins support
SPL communication, which although
provided by the underlying hardware,
is not currently included in the
aurdino language.
LED 13B: These is a built in LED
connected to digital pin 13.
AREF: Reference voltage for the
analog input.
RESET: Bring this line LOW to reset
the microcontroller. Typically used to
add a rest button to shields which
block the one on the board.
The ATmega328 UART TTL (5V)
serial communication, which is
available on the digital pins 0 (RX)
and 1 (TX). The arduino software
allows simple textual data to be sent
to and from the arduino board. The
RX and TX pins on the board will
light when data is being transmitted
via the USB to serial chip and USB
connection to the computer. The
Atmel 8- bit AVR RISC- Based
the
microcontroller combines 32 Kb ISP
flash memory with read – while-write
capabilities , 1 Kb EEPROM ,2 Kb
SRAM , 23 general purpose working
input output lines ,a byte-oriented 2 –
wire serial interface , SPI serial port ,
6- channel 10 bit A/D converter and
five software selectable power saving
modes. The device operates between
1.8-5.5 volts.
The ATmega-328 has 1 Kb
electrically erasable programmable
read only memory (EEPROM). This
property shows if the electrical supply
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supplied to the micro controller is
removed , even then it can store the
data and can provide results after
providing it. ATmega -328 has
several different features which make
it the most popular device today’s
market. These features consists of
advanced RISC archietecture , good
performance , low power
consumption , real timer counter
having separate oscillator,6 PWM
pins , programmable serial USART,
programming lock for software
security , throughput upto 20 MIPS
etc. ATmega – 328 is mostly used in
arduino. ATmega-328 is an 8- bit
micro controller. It can handle data
sized of upto 8- bit it is an AVR based
microcontroller. It’s built in internal
memory around 32Kb. It operates
ranging from 3.3 – 5. It has an ability
to
store the data even when the electrical
supply is removed from its biasing
terminals its excellent features include
the cost efficiency, low power
dissipation, programming lock for
security purpose, real- timer counter
with oscillator . It’s normally used in
embedded
PortA consists of the pins from PA0
– PA7. These pins serve as analog
input to analog to digital converter. If
analog to digital converter is not used
4
port A acts as an 8 bit bidirectional
input or output port.
PortB consists of the pins from PB0 –
PB7.This port is an 8 bit bidirectional
port having an internal pull- up
register.
PortC consists of the pins from PC0 –
PC7. The output buffers of port c has
symmetrical drive characteristics with
source capability as well high sink.
Port D consists of the pins from PD0
– PD7.
ATmega328 Architecture
Architecture of a device presents each
information about the particular
device.
ATmega328 Memory
ATmega328 has three types of
memories e.g. EEPROM, SRAM etc.
The capacity of each memory is
explained
 Flash memory has 32 KB
capacity. It has an address
of 15 bits. It is a
programmable read only
memory. It is non volatile
memory.
 SRAM stands for static
random access memory. It
is a volatile memory i.e.
data will be removed after
 removing the power VOLTAGE SENSOR
supply. A voltage sensor can measure the
supply of voltage. It can measure AC
ATmega328 Registers
level and/or DC level. The input to
ATmega328 has 32 general
the voltage sensor is the voltage itself
purpose registers. These all of the
and the output can be analog voltage
registers are the part of static random
signals, switches, audible signals,
access memory.
analog current level, frequency or
ATmega328 packages
even frequency modulated outputs. In
The different version of the same
voltage sensors is based on the
device are denote by different
voltage divider. The used type of the
package of the device. Each package
voltage sensor is resistive type voltage
has different dimensions in order to
sensor.
differentiate easily.
Vout = (R2 / (R1 + R2)) *Vin
ATmega328 Features
In the resistive network we have two
To perform any task we can
resistors R1 and R2 which are
select a device on the basic of its
220Ohm and 100Ohm. The midpoint
features i.e. whether its features match
of branch is taken to measurement as
to obtain the desired result or not
an analog input to Aurdino.
.some of the main features of the
AVR microcontroller ATmega328 are
GLOBALPOSITIONING
Applications
SYSTEMS
A complete package including
Each satellite continually
ATmega328 can be used in several
transmits message that include
different real life applications
 The time the message was
 It can be used in embedded
transmitted
system projects and robotics.
 Precise orbital information
 Quad – copter and even small
aero plane can also be deigned
The receiver utilizes he messages it
through it.
receives to determine the transmit
 Power monitoring and
time of each message and computes
management system can also be
the distance to each satellite. Along
prepared using the device.
with the satellite’s locations the
distance are used with aid of
trilateration, depending on which
5
algorithm is used, to compute the
position of the receiver. This position
is then displayed, perhaps with the
moving map display or latitude and
longitude; elevation information may
be included.
Three satellites have enough
position, since space has three
dimensions and a position near the
earth surface can be assumed.
However, even a very small clock
error multiplied by the very large
speed of light at which satellite signal
propagates results in a large positional
error. The very accurately computed
time is effectively hidden by most
GPS application, which uses only the
location. A few specified GPS
applications do however use the time;
these include time transfer, traffic
signal timing and synchronizations
of cell phone base stations.
Figure no. 3.2 GPS
REGULATOR
Voltage regulator IC’s are available
with fixed (typically 5V, 12V)
6
or variable output voltages. They can
also rated by the maximum current
they can pass.
The LM78XX series is a three
terminal regulator. It is available with
serial fixed output voltages which
makes them useful in a wide range of
application. One of these is local on
cord regulation, eliminating the
distribution problems associated with
single point regulation. As fixed
voltage regulators these device can be
used with external components to
obtain adjustable voltage and current.
Many of the fixed voltage regulators
IC’s has three leads and look like
power transistor, such as the 7805 and
7812 as +5v and +12v.
Figure no.3.3 Regulator
LEAD ACID BATTERY
The battery used is lead acid battery
which has the conversion of the
chemical energy into electrical power.
The lead acid battery is used in the
power stations and substations
because it has higher cell voltage and
lower cost.
Construction of Lead Acid Battery
The main part of the lead acid battery
are the container and plates. The
chemical energy is converted into
electrical energy in the container by
the help of the plates.
1. Container – The container is
made of glass, lead lined wood,
ebonite, the hard rubber of bituminous
compound, ceramic materials or
moulded plastics and are seated at the
top to avoid the discharge of
electrolyte. At the bottom of the
container, there are four ribs, on two
of them rest the positive plate and the
others support the negative plates.
The prism serves as the support for
the plates and at the same time protect
them from a short circuit. The
material by which the battery
containers are made should be
resistant to sulfuric acid, should not
deform , or contain impurities which
damage the electrolyte.
2. Plate – The plate of the lead-acid
cell is of diverse design and they all
consist of some form of a grid which
is made up of lead and the active
material. The grid is essential for
conducting the electric current and for
7
distributing the current equally on the
active material.
Figure no. 3.4 Lead acid battery
The grids are made up of an
alloy of lead and antimony. These are
usually made with the transverse rib
that crosses the places at a right angle
or diagonally. The grid for the
positive and negative plates are of the
same design, but the grids for the
negative plates are made lighter
because they are not as essential for
the uniform conduction of the current.
3. Active Material – The material
which takes active participation in a
chemical reaction during charging or
discharging is called the active
material of the cell. The active
elements of the lead acid are
1. Lead peroxide (PbO2) – It forms the
positive active material. The PbO2are
dark chocolate broom in color.
2. Sponge lead – Its form the negative
active material. It is grey in color.
3. Dilute Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) – It is and moved towards the electrodes
used as an electrolyte. It contains connected to the positive terminal of
31% of sulfuric acid. the supply main (i.e., anode).
4. Separators – The separators are
thin sheets of non-conducting
material made up of chemically
treated lead wood, porous rubbers, or
mat of glass fiber and are placed
between the positive and negative to
insulate them from each other.
Separators are grooved vertically on
one side and are smooth on the other
side.
5. Battery Terminals – There
are two terminals in battery, Figure no.3.5 Charging of lead acid
the positive and the negative. battery
The positive terminal with a
diameter of 17.5 mm at the top Each hydrogen ion takes one
is slightly larger than the electron from the cathode, and each
negative terminal which is 16 sulphates ions takes the two negative
mm in diameter. ions from the anodes and react with
water and form sulfuric and hydrogen
WORKING PRINCIPLE acid.
When the sulfuric acid
dissolves, its molecules break up into The oxygen react with lead oxide and
positive hydrogen ions (2H+) and form lead peroxide (PbO2.) Thus,
sulphate negative ions (SO4—) and during charging the lead cathode
move freely. If the two electrodes are remain as lead, but lead anode gets
immersed in solutions and connected converted into lead peroxide,
to DC supply then the hydrogen ions chocolate in colour.
being positively charged and moved
towards the electrodes and connected If the DC source of supply is
to the negative terminal of the supply. disconnected and if the voltmeter
The SO4— ions are negatively charged connects between the electrodes, it

8
will show the potential difference
between them. If wire connects the
electrodes, then current will flow
from the positive plate to the negative
plate through external circuit i.e. the
cell is capable of supplying electrical
energy.

CLOUD COMPUTING
Figure no. 3.6 Cloud computing

Cloud computing involves in

delivering hosted services over the
Internet. These are three types of
services.They are: Infrastructure-as-a-
Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service
(PaaS) and Software-as-a-Service
(SaaS). The name cloud computing
came from the cloud symbol which is
often used to represent the Internet in
flowcharts and diagrams.
Cloud computing can be public and
private or both. Public cloud services
are services which provide their
services over the internet for a fee.
Private cloud services,are the services
on the other hand, only provide
services to a certain number of
people. These services are a system of
networks for host people. There is
also another option called hybrid
option, which combines both the
public and private services.
Cloud Computing Deployment
Models
There are many types of clouds, each
of the cloud is different from the
other.
• Public clouds are clouds which
provide their services on servers and
storage on the internet. These clouds
are operated by third-party
companies,and handle, control all the
hardware, software, and the general
infrastructure. Clients access services
through accounts can be accessed by
anyone.
• Private clouds are clouds which
are reserved for specific client,
usually for one business or
organization. The firm's data service
center hosts the cloud computing
service. Many private cloud

9
computing services are also provided
on a private network.
• Hybrid clouds are the clouds as
the name implies, a combination of
public and private services. This type
of cloud allows the user more
flexibility and helps optimize the
user's infrastructure and security.
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE
COMMUNICATION
Global system for
communication (GSM) is one of the
most trustable wireless
communication systems that can be
accessed and used very easily. The
price of its transceiver module and
subscription fee of its service is very
low. The term GSM modem can be
used as a generic term to refer any
modem that supports one or more of
the protocols in the GSM evolutionary
family, including the 2.5G
technologies GPRS and EDGE, as
well as the 3G technologies
WCDMA, UMTS, HSDPA and
HSUPA
Figure no. 3.7 GSM
10
GSM Modem
A GSM modem is a wireless
modem which works with help of a
GSM wireless network. A wireless
modem always behaves like a dial-up
modem. A big difference is present
between the modem. The dial-up
modem always sends and receives
data through only fixed telephone
line. a wireless modem always sends
and receives data through only radio
waves. GSM modem is a special type
of modem which accepts only a SIM
card, and operates over a subscription
to a mobile operator. From the mobile
operator look, a GSM modem looks
like a mobile phone.
SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY
MODULE (SIM)
GSM has a key feature which is the
Subscriber Identity Module and is
commonly known as a SIM card. The
SIM is a detachable smart card. It
contains the user's subscription
information and phone book which
allows the user to retain his or her
information after switching handsets.
Alternatively, the user can also
change the operators while retaining
the handset by simply changing the
SIM. Some operators will also block
this by allowing the phone to use only of light which is passing through the
a single SIM card, or only a SIM molecule of the polarized glass and
issued by them; this practice is known also cause a change in the angle of the
as SIM locking and is illegal in some top polarizing filter. As a result a little
countries. light is allowed to pass the polarized
3.9 LCD DISPLAY glass through a particular area of
LCD. Thus compared to other area, a
particular area will become dark. The
LCD mainly works on the principle of
blocking light. While constructing the
LCD’s, a reflected mirror is always
Figure no. 3.8 LCD arranged at the back. An electrode
plane is made of indium-tin oxide.It
Liquid crystal displays are used is kept on the top. A polarized glass
similar applications where LEDs are with a polarizing film is also added on
used. the bottom of the device. The
These complete region of the LCD always
applic have to be enclosed by a common
ations electrode and it should be the liquid
of crystal matter.
LCD are display of numeric and
alphanumeric characters in dot matrix
and segmental displays. The liquid
crystal material exhibits optical
properties of a crystal through they
remain in liquid form. Liquid crystal
is layered between glass sheets with
transparent electrodes deposited on
the inside faces this phenomenon is
called dynamic scattering.
There is a principle behind the LCDs.
The principle is that when an
electrical current is applied to the
liquid crystal molecule, the molecule
tends to untwist. This causes the angle
11
PROPOSED SYSTEM

BLOCK DIAGRAM

BATTERY

VOLTAGE
SENSOR ARDUINO
UNO GSM AND
GPS

LCD WEB LINK

A12 V Lead acid battery is CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

used to give supply to GSM, Arduino
UNO, Voltage sensor. Two resisters
of value 100 ohm and 220 ohm are
used. And their Vo is given analog
pin A0. The TX of arduino is given
RX of GSM. The TX of GPS is given
to Arduino RX. The potentiometer is
connected to Vss, Vdd, V0. The Read
and write pins of LCD are given to
3and 4 digital pins of arduino. The WORKING
D4, D5, D6, D7 of LCD are given to The working of the project is
digital pins of Arduino. The GPS is to consist of a 12 V Lead acid battery is
used to track the location of charging used because it is more efficient when
station nearby and it is supplied with compared with other battery. GSM,
5V. Arduino UNO, Voltage sensor are
supplied with 12V by Lead battery.
Two resisters of value 100 ohm and
220 ohm are used which are

12
connected in parallel to form voltage lcd.setCursor(0,0);
sensor. And their Vo is given analog lcd.print(“HOSPITALTRACKING”);
pin A0. The TX of arduino is given lcd.setCursor(0,1);
RX of GSM. The TX of GPS is given lcd.print(“ SYSTEM “);
to Arduino RX. The potentiometer is delay(2500);
connected to Vss, Vdd, V0. The Read lcd.clear();
and write pins of LCD are given to Serial.print(“AT”);
3and 4 digital pins of arduino. The Serial.write(13);
D4, D5, D6, D7 of LCD are given to Serial.write(10); delay(1000);
digital pins of Arduino. The GPS is to lcd.setCursor(0,0);
used to track the location of charging lcd.print(“Network Init.....”);
station nearby and it is supplied with Serial.print(“AT+SAPBR=3,1,\”Cont
5V. ype\”,\”GPRS\””);
Serial.write(13);
SOFTWARE USED Serial.write(10); delay(1000);
PROGRAM CODE: Serial.print(“at+sapbr=3,1,\”apn\”,\”ai
rtelgprs.com\””);///////////////////////www
#include <LiquidCrystal.h> Serial.write(13);
Serial.write(10); delay(1000);
LiquidCrystal lcd(2,3,4,5,6,7); Serial.print(“AT+SAPBR =1,1”);
String inputString = “”; // a delay(2000);
string to hold incoming data Serial.write(13);
13oolean stringComplete = false; // Serial.write(10); delay(1000);
whether the string is complete Serial.print(“AT+SAPBR=2,1”);
unsigned char Serial.write(13);
I,j,ser=0x00,st=0x01,data_cap=0x00,t Serial.write(10); delay(1000);
=0; Serial.print(“AT+HTTPINIT”);
unsigned char gpsdata[70]; Serial.write(13);
int a=20; Serial.write(10); delay(1000);
int BatVoltagePin = A0; Serial.print(“AT+HTTPPARA=\”CID
int BatVoltageValue = 0; \”,1”);
void setup() Serial.write(13);
{ Serial.write(10); delay(1000);
Serial.begin(9600); lcd.clear();
lcd.begin(16, 2); }
13
 Serial.write(‘”’);
Serial.write(13);
Serial.write(10); delay(2000);
void loc_finder() lcd.clear();
{ lcd.print(“process finish”);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(“post data”); Serial.print(“AT+HTTPACTION=0”)
Serial.print(“AT+HTTPPARA=\”UR ;
L\”,\”flextrontech.atwebpages.com/ch Serial.write(13);
arging_station/getdata.php?lat=”); Serial.write(10);
for(j=18;j<22;j++) delay(2000);delay(2000);delay(2000);
{ lcd.clear();
Serial.print(gpsdata[j]-0x30); data_cap=0x00;
delay(20); st=0x01;
} i=0x00; j=0;gpsdata[j]=0;
Serial.print(‘.’); }
for(j=23;j<27;j++) void gps()
{ {
Serial.print(gpsdata[j]-0x30); if(i>40)
delay(20); {
}
Serial.print(“&lon=0”); if(gpsdata[1]==’G’&&gpsdata[2]==’
for(t=0,j=31;j<35;j++,t++) N’&&gpsdata[3]==’G’&&gpsdata[4]
{ ==’G’&&gpsdata[5]==’A’)
Serial.print(gpsdata[j]-0x30); {
delay(20); lcd.setCursor(0,0);
}
Serial.print(‘.’); lcd.print(“LAT:”);lcd.setCursor(4,0);
for(j=36;j<40;j++) for(j=18;j<22;j++)
{ {
lcd.print(gpsdata[j]-0x30);
Serial.print(gpsdata[j]-0x30); Serial.print(gpsdata[j]-0x30);
delay(20); delay(20);
} }
// Serial.print(“&s=345”); lcd.setCursor(8,0);
14
 lcd.print(‘.’); }
Serial.print(‘.’);lcd.setCursor(9,0); void loop()
for(j=23;j<27;j++) {
{ gps();
lcd.print(gpsdata[j]-0x30);
Serial.print(gpsdata[j]-0x30); }
delay(20); void serialEvent()
} {
lcd.setCursor(0,1); while (Serial.available())
{
lcd.print(“LON:”);lcd.setCursor(4,1); char inChar = (char)Serial.read();
Serial.print(“&lon=0”);
ser=inChar;
for(t=0,j=31;j<35;j++,t++) if((ser==0x24)&&(st==0x01))
{ {
lcd.print(gpsdata[j]-0x30);
Serial.print(gpsdata[j]-0x30); data_cap=0x01;
delay(20); st=0x00;
} }
lcd.setCursor(8,1); if((data_cap==0x01)&&(i<65))
lcd.print(‘.’);lcd.setCursor(9,1); {
Serial.print(‘.’);
for(j=36;j<40;j++) gpsdata[i]=ser;
{ i=i+1;
lcd.print(gpsdata[j]-0x30);
Serial.print(gpsdata[j]-0x30);
delay(20);
}delay(2000);
loc_finder();
ARDUINO IDE
} The open source arduino software
(IDE) makes it easy to write code and
ser=0x00;st=0x01;data_cap=0x00;i=0 upload it on the board. Arduino IDE
runs on various platforms. The
;gpsdata[i]=0;
arduino integrated development
}
15
environment (IDE) is a cross platform
application which is written in the
programming language called as java.
The arduino IDE also supplies a
software library from the wiring
project, which provides many
common input and output procedures.
Screenshot of arduino IDE is shown
below.
LOADING PROGRAM INTO
THE MICROCONTROLLER
The following steps are to be
followed to upload program in the
microcontroller:
1.Connect Arduino using the
USB cable.
The square end of the USB
cable connects to Arduino and
the flat end connects to a USB
port on computer.
2.ChooseTools→Board→Arduino
16
Uno to find board in the Arduino
menu.
And can also find all boards
through this menu, such as the
Arduino MEGA 2560 and
Arduino Leonardo.
3.Choose the correct serial port for
board.
Find a list of all the available serial
ports by choosing
Tools→SerialPort→ comX or
/dev/tty.usbmodemXXXXX. X marks
a sequentially or randomly assigned
number. In Windows, if just
connected Arduino, the COM port
will normally be the highest number,
such as com 3 or com 15.Many
devices can be listed on the COM port
list, and if plug in multiple Arduinos,
each one will be assigned a new
number. On Mac OS X, the
/dev/tty.usbmodem number will be
randomly assigned and can vary in
length, such as
/dev/tty.usbmodem1421 or
/dev/tty.usbmodem262471. Unless
have another Arduino connected, it
should be the only one visible.
4.Click the Upload button.The button
points to the right in the Arduino
environment. And can also use the
keyboard shortcut Ctrl+U for
Windows or Cmd+U for Mac
 RESULT
The result is scalable,
implementable technology that have
tested and validated numerically by
using proposed system that can find
where the charging station is located.

Figure no. 6.1 Proposed model

OUTPUT

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CONCLUSION AND FUTURE
ENHANCEMENT
CONCULSION
In the advanced system it is
designed for identifying the location
of nearest charging station. The
arduino uno is interfaced with voltage
sensor which is used to sense the
charge level of the battery. The sensed
battery level is displayed in the LCD
which is placed on the car dash board.
When the battery level goes below
20% the using cloud computing
nearby charging station can detected.
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The Global Positioning System
which sense the position of vehicle
and location of charging station with
latitude and longitude.
FUTURE ENCHANCEMENT
In future, there is a massive
possibility for implementing large
number of charging station across the
country. The cost effectness and also
reduced system complexity with
advancement in cloud computing is
important to implementing the future
work.
REFERENCES
1. AnMierlo, J. Blast from the
Past: The 1979 Brussels
Electric Vehicle Experiment.
2018.Available online:
http://mobi.vub.ac.be/mobi/new
s/blast-from-the-past-the-1979-
brussels-electric-vehicle-
experiment/ (accessed on 25
April 2018).
2. Omar, N.; Daowd, M.;
Bossche, P.; Hegazy, O.;
Smekens, J.; Coosemans, T.;
Mierlo, J. Rechargeable Energy
Storage Systems for Plug-in
 Hybrid Electric Vehicles—
Assessment of Electrical
Characteristics.Energies
3. Berckmans, G.; Messagie, M.;
Smekens, J.; Omar, N.;
Vanhaverbeke, L.; Van Mierlo,
J. Cost Projection of State of
the Art Lithium-Ion Batteries
for Electric Vehicles Up to
2030. Energies 2017, 10, 1314.
[CrossRef]
4. VanMierlo, J. Electric Driving:
Sparking Your Interest. 2016.
Available
online:http://mobi.vub.ac.be/m
obi/news/electric-driving-
sparking-your-interest/
(accessed on 25 April 2018).

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