TB012309

Chilled Beam
Design Guide

Trox USA, Inc. Telephone 770-569-1433

4305 Settingdown Circle Facsimile 770-569-1435
Cumming
Georgia www.troxusa.com
USA 30028 e-mail trox@troxusa.com
Contents

Introduction to Chilled Beams 3 Chilled Beam Selection 27

Passive chilled beams 3 Passive beams selection 27

Active chilled beams 5 Passive beam performance data 28
Selection examples 31
System Application Guidelines 8 Active beam selection 32
Active beam selection examples 35
Benefits of chilled beams 8
Chilled beam applications 9 Performance Notes 38

Multiservice Chilled Beams 11 Active Beam Performance Data 39

System Design Guidelines 14 Coil pressure loss data 39

DID600 series beams 44
Comfort considerations 14 DID620 series beams 52
DID300 series beams 62
Air side design 15
Water side design 19 Chilled Beam Specifications 68
Control considerations 21
Installation and commissioning 24

Notice to Users of this Guide

This Guide is intended for the sole use of professionals involved in the design and specification of TROX chilled
beam systems. Any reproduction of this document in any form is strictly prohibited without the written consent of
TROX USA.

The content herein is a collection of information from TROX and other sources that is assumed to be correct and
current at the time of publication. Due to industry and product development, any and all of such content is subject
to change. TROX USA will in no way be held responsible for the application of this information to system design
nor will they be responsible for keeping the information up to date.

2
 Introduction

Chilled beams have been employed in European HVAC
sensible cooling only applications for over twenty years.
Within the past few years they have become a popular
alternative to VAV systems in North America. The
growing interest in chilled beams has been fueled by
their energy saving potential, ease of use as well as
their minimal space requirements.
Chilled beams were originally developed to supersede
the outputs achieved by passive radiant cooling ceiling
systems. Sensible cooling capacities of “chilled” ceilings
are limited by the chilled water supply temperature
(must be maintained above dew point to prevent
condensation from forming on their surfaces) and the
total surface area available that can be „chilled‟.
Obviously, this area is limited as other services
(lighting, fire protection, air distribution & extract etc.)
limit the degree of employment of the active ceiling
surface such that their maximum space sensible cooling
capacity is very typically less than 25 BTUH per square
foot of floor area. As this is not sufficient for maintaining
comfort especially in perimeter areas, chilled beams
very quickly became the preferred solution in so much
as they occupied less space, had fewer connection and
most importantly offered sensible cooling outputs 2 to 3
times that of „chilled‟ ceilings.
There are two basic types of chilled beams (see figure
2). Passive chilled beams are simply finned tube heat
exchanger coil within a casing that provides primarily
convective cooling to the space. Passive beams do not
incorporate fans or any other components (ductwork,
nozzles, etc.) to affect air movement. Instead they rely
on natural buoyancy to recirculate air from the
conditioned space and therefore needs a high free area
passage to allow room air to get above the coil and
cooled air to be discharge from below the coil. As they
have no provisions for supplying primary air to the
space, a separate source must provide space
ventilation and/or humidity control, very typically
combined with, but not limited to, UFAD. The air source
commonly contributes to the sensible cooling of the
space as well as controlling the space latent gains.

INTRODUCTION TO CHILLED BEAMS

Passive Chilled Beam
Chilled beams feature finned chilled water heat (Exposed Beam Shown)
exchanger cooling coils, capable of providing up to
1100 BTUH of sensible cooling per foot of length and
are designed to take advantage of the significantly
higher cooling efficiencies of water. Figure 1 illustrates
that a one inch diameter water pipe can transport the
same cooling energy as an 18 inch square air duct. The
use of chilled beams can thus dramatically reduce air
handler and ductwork sizes enabling more efficient use
of both horizontal and vertical building space.

18“ x 18“
Air Duct

Active Chilled Beam

Figure 2: Basic Beam Types

1“ diameter
Water Pipe
Active chilled beams utilize a ducted (primary) air
supply to induce secondary (room) air across their
Figure 1: Cooling Energy Transport integral heat transfer coil where it is reconditioned prior
to its mixing with the primary air stream and subsequent
Economies of Air and Water discharge into the space. The primary air supply is
typically pretreated to maintain ventilation and humidity
control of the space. The heat transfer coil

3
Passive Chilled Beams

provides sensible cooling, it is not used to condense or combine resulting in a higher velocity in the occupied
provide latent cooling. space. Air discharge across the face of the beam
should be avoided as this can reduce the cooling output
Further discussion of the performance, capacities and by inhibiting the flow of warm air into the heat ex-
design considerations for each type of beam is provided changer coil.
in the following sections of this document.
Passive Chilled Beam Variations
PASSIVE CHILLED BEAMS
Passive chilled beams may be located above or below
Passive chilled beams are completely decoupled from the ceiling plane. When used with a suspended ceiling
the space air supply and only intended to remove sensi- system recessed beams, TROX TCB-RB, are located a
ble heat from the space. They operate most efficiently few inches above the ceiling and finished to minimize
when used in thermally stratified spaces. their visibility from below. Figure 4. illustrates such a
recessed beam application.
Figure 3. illustrates the operational principle of a pas-
sive beam. Warm air plumes from heat sources rise
naturally and create a warm air pool in the upper portion
of the space (or ceiling cavity). As this air contacts the
coil surface, the heat is removed which causes it to drop
back into the space due to its negative buoyancy
relative to the air surrounding it. The heat is absorbed
lifting the chilled water temperature and is removed
from the space via the return water circuit. About 85%
of the heat removal is by convective means, therefore
the radiant cooling contribution of passive chilled beams
is minimal and typically ignored.

Figure 4: Recessed Beam Installation

Recessed beams are concealed above the hung ceiling
and should also include a separation skirt (TCB-RB-
Skirt) which assures that the cooled air does not short
circuit back to the warm air stream feeding the beam.

Recessed beams (TROX series TCB) may be either

uncapped (standard) or capped (more commonly
known as shrouded) (see figure 5). Capped or
shrouded beams have a sheet metal casing which
maintains separation between the beam and the ceiling
air cavity which is often used for the space return air
passage. This also provides acoustical separation be-
tween adjacent spaces.

Figure 3: Passive Beam Operation

Passive chilled beams are capable of removing 200 to

650 BTUH of sensible heat per linear foot of length
depending upon their width and the temperature
difference between their entering air and chilled water
mean temperature. The output of the chilled beam is
usually limited to ensure that the velocity of the air
dropping out of the beam face and back into the
occupied zone does not create drafts.
It should also be noted that the air descending from a
passive beam „necks‟ rather like slow running water out
of a faucet. This slow discharge can be effected by
other air currents around it and should passive beams
be installed side by side, the two airstreams will join and
Separation Skirt
Figure 5: Capped Passive Beam
Passive beams mounted flush with or below the ceiling
surface are referred to as exposed beams. Most ex-
posed beams (e.g., TROX TCB-EB and PKV series) are
furnished within cabinets designed to enhance the ar-
chitectural features of the space as well as assure the
necessary air passages for the beam.

4

TROX Passive Chilled Beams
TROX USA offers 2 ranges of passive chilled beam as
the core engine behind the variants.
TCBU series beams offer a full range of 1 & 2 row
recessed and exposed passive beams.
PKVU series beams are 1 row passive beams
with or without exposed cabinets.
Figure 6 illustrates an exposed passive beam in whose
cabinet other space services (lighting, smoke and
occupancy detectors, etc.) have been integrated. Such
integrated beams are referred to as integrated or multi-
service chilled beams (MSCB). As with recessed
beams, it is generally recommended that the cross
sectional free area of the passage into an exposed
chilled beam be equal to at least one its width. For more
information on these beams see pages 27-31.
Figure 6: Exposed Beam Installation
ACTIVE CHILLED BEAMS
In addition to chilled water coil(s), active chilled beams
incorporate ducted air connections to receive pretreated
supply air from a central air handling unit. This air is
injected through a series of nozzles within the beam to
entrain room air. Figure 7 illustrates an active beam that
induces room air through a high free area section within
its face and through the integral heat transfer coil where
it is reconditioned in response to a space thermostat
demand. The reconditioned air then mixes with the
ducted (primary) air and is discharged into the space by
means of linear slots located along the outside edges of
the beam.
Active beams mounted above the occupied zone
maintain a sufficient discharge velocity to maintain a
fully mixed room air distribution. As such, they employ a
dilution ventilation strategy to manage the level of
airborne gaseous and particulate contaminants. Certain
variants of active beams (see discussion below) may be
mounted in low sidewall or floor level applications as
5
Active Chilled Beams
Primary air
supply
Suspended
ceiling
Figure 7: Active Chilled Beam Operation
well. In these cases, displacement ventilation and con-
ditioning will be used to produce a thermally stratified
room environment.
Active chilled beams typically operate at a constant air
volume flow rate, producing a variable temperature
discharge to the space determined by the recirculated
air heat extraction. As the water circuit can generally
extract 50 to 70% of the space sensible heat genera-
tion, the ducted airflow rate can often be reduced ac-
cordingly, resulting in reduced air handling requirements
as well as significantly smaller supply (and ex-
haust/return) ductwork and risers.
Active chilled beams can provide sensible cooling rates
as high as 1100 BTUH per linear foot, depending on
their induction capabilities, coil circuitry, and chilled
water supply temperature. Later in this guide, you will
see that careful selection of the beam must be made to
ensure that high terminal velocities are avoided to main-
tain comfort, a beam is not just a method of providing
cooling, but also a terminal discharge device that has to
be selected to suit the location, space and how the
space is being utilized.
Active chilled beams can be used for heating as well,
provided the façade heat losses are moderate.
Active Chilled Beam Variations
Active chilled beams come in a number of lengths and
widths allowing their use in exposed mounting or
integration into suspended ceiling systems, (their weight
requires they be independently supported). They can be
furnished with a variety of nozzle types that affect the
induction rate of room air. Their discharge pattern can
be supplied as either one or two way while some beams
allow modification of their discharge characteristics
once installed. Finally, some variants are available with
condensate trays designed to collect a limited amount
of unexpected condensation.
Active Chilled Beams

DID620 series beams are a low profile beam designed to allow inte-
gration into standard 24 inch wide ceiling grids. They are ideal for
applications with limited ceiling plenum spaces.

DID600 series beams are also designed to allow their integration into
standard 24 inch wide acoustical ceiling grids. Though slightly taller
than the DID600BU, their construction allows easy modification to
specific customer requirements.

DID300 series beams have a nominal face width of 12 inches and

utilize two vertical chilled water coils. As such they can be furnished
with condensate trays to catch any moisture that might have unex-
pectedly formed on the coil surfaces during periods of unusual opera-
tion.

Figure 8: TROX Ceiling Mounted Active Chilled Beams

6
 Active Chilled Beams

DID-E series beams are designed for high sidewall mounting in ho-
tels and other domiciliary applications.

BID series beams condition perimeter areas in UFAD applications.

Conditioned air is delivered by a dedicated perimeter area air han-
dling unit. This relieves the UFAD system of the responsibility of pro-
viding sensible cooling to the perimeter, resulting in substantially
reduced building airflow requirements.

QLCI series beams are integrated into low sidewall mounted cabinets
and to discharge conditioned air to the space in a displacement
fashion. They are most commonly used for classroom HVAC as they
offer significant air quality and acoustical advantages. In fact, they are
the only available terminal capable of maintaining classroom sound
pressure levels compliant with ANSI Standard S12.60.

Figure 9: Other TROX Air-Water Products

7
Benefits of Chilled Beams

CHILLED BEAM SYSTEM APPLICATION • Higher chilled water temperatures used by

chilled beams may allow chiller efficiencies to
GUIDELINES be increased by as much as 35%.
Chilled beams (both passive and active) posses certain
• Chilled beam systems offer attractive water
inherent advantages over all-air systems. These
side economizer. Unlike the case with air side
benefits can be divided into the three categories as
economizers, these free cooling opportuni-
follows:
ties are not as restrictive in climates that are
also humid.
First cost benefits of chilled beam systems
• Maintenance costs are considerably lower
Chilled beams afford the designer an opportunity to
than all-air systems. Chilled beams do not
replace large supply and return air ductwork with small
incorporate any moving parts (fans, motors,
chilled water pipes. This results in significant savings in
damper actuators, etc.) or complicated control
terms of plenum space and increases usable floor
devices. Most chilled beams do not require
space.
filters (and thus regular filter changes) or
condensate trays. As their coils operate „dry‟,
• Chilled beams can be mounted in ceiling
regular cleaning and disinfection of
spaces as small as 8 to 10 (vertical) inches
condensate trays is not necessary. Normal
while all-air systems typically require to 2 to
maintenance history suggests that the coils be
2.5 times that. This vertical space savings can
vacuumed every five years (more frequently in
be used to either increase the space ceiling
applications such as hospital patient rooms
height or reduce the slab spacing and thus the
where linens are regularly changed). Figure
overall building height requirements.
10 compares the lifetime maintenance and
replacement costs for active chilled beams to
• The low plenum requirements of chilled beam
fan coil units (FCU), based on an expected
systems make them ideal choices for retrofit of
FCU lifetime of 20 years. It assumes that
buildings that have previously used sidewall
each beam or FCU serves a perimeter floor
mounted equipment such as induction units,
area of 150 square feet.
fan coils and other unitary terminals.

• Chilled beams contribute to horizontal space

savings as their significantly lower supply Active Chilled
Fan Coil Unit
airflow rates result in smaller supply and re- Beam
turn/exhaust air risers. The capacity of the air Filter Changes:
Frequency: Twice Yearly NA
handling units providing conditioned air to the
Cost per Change: $30.00
chilled beam system is also reduced, resulting
Cost over Lifetime (20 Years): $1,200.00 $0.00
in considerably smaller equipment room foot
prints. Clean Coil and Condensate System:
Frequency: Twice Yearly Every four Years
TM
• LEED also requires that certified buildings Cost per Event: $30.00 $30.00
be purged for a period of time before Cost Over Lifetime: $1,200.00 $150.00
occupancy in order to remove airborne
Fan Motor Replacement:
contaminants related to the construction proc-
Frequency: Once during life NA
ess. The significantly reduced airflow require-
Cost per Event: $400.00
ment of chilled beam systems reduces the fan
Cost Over Lifetime: $400.00 $0.00
energy required to accomplish this task.
Life Cycle (20 years) maintenance cost: $2,800.00 $150.00
Operational cost benefits of chilled beam systems
Source: REHVA Chilled Beam Application Guidebook (2004)
The energy costs of operating chilled beam systems are
considerably lower than that of all-air systems. This is Figure 10: Life Cycle Maintenance Costs
largely due to the following:
Active Chilled Beams versus Fan Coils
Reduced supply air flow rates result in lower
fan energy consumption.

• Operational efficiencies of pumps are

intrinsically higher than fans, leading to much
lower cooling and heating energy transport
costs.

8

Comfort and IAQ benefits of chilled beam systems
Properly designed chilled beam systems generally
result in enhanced thermal comfort and indoor air
quality compared to all-air systems.
Active chilled beams generally deliver a
constant air volume flow rate to the room. As
such, variations in room air motion and cold air
dumping that are inherent to variable volume
all-air systems are minimized.
• The constant air volume delivery of primary air
to the active chilled beam helps assure that
the design space ventilation rates and relative
humidity levels are closely maintained.
Chilled beam application criteria
Although the advantages of using chilled beams are
numerous, there are restrictions and qualifications that
should be considered when determining their suitability
to a specific application. Chilled beams are suitable for
use where the following conditions exist:
• Mounting less than 20 feet. Ceiling heights
may be greater, but the beam should generally
not be mounted more than 20 feet above the
floor.
• The tightness of the building envelope is
adequate to prevent excessive moisture
transfer. Space moisture gains due to
occupancy and/or processes are moderate.
• Space humidity levels can be consistently
maintained such that the space dew point
temperature remains below the temperature of
the chilled water supply.
• Passive beams should not be used in areas
where considerable or widely variable air
velocities are expected.
• Passive beams should only be considered
when an adequate entry and discharge area
can be assured.
• Passive Chilled beams can not be used to
heat.
Applications best served by chilled beams
Chilled beams are ideal for applications with high space
sensible cooling loads, relative to the space ventilation
and latent cooling requirements. These applications
include, but are not limited to:
9
Applications
1) Brokerage trading areas
Trading areas consists of desks where a
single trader typically has access to multiple
computer terminals and monitors. This high
equipment density results in space sensible
cooling requirements considerably higher than
conventional interior spaces while the ventila-
tion and latent cooling requirements are es-
sentially the same. Active chilled beams re-
move 60 to 70% of the sensible heat by
means of their water circuit, reducing the
ducted airflow requirement proportionally.
2) Broadcast and recording studios
Broadcast and recording studios typically
have high sensible heat ratios due to their
large electronic equipment and lighting loads.
In addition, space acoustics and room air
velocity control are critical in these spaces.
Passive chilled beams are silent and capable
of removing large amounts of sensible heat,
enabling the use of a low velocity supply air
discharge.
3) Heat driven laboratory spaces
Designers often classify laboratories according
to their required supply airflow rate. In
laboratories that are densely populated by
fume hoods, the make up air requirement is
typically 12 air changes per hour or more.
These laboratory spaces are classified as air
driven. Laboratories whose make up air
requirement is less than that are typically
considered heat driven. This category includes
most biological, pharmaceutical, electronic
and forensic laboratories. The ventilation re-
quirement in these laboratories is commonly 6
to 8 air changes per hour, however, the proc-
esses and equipment in the laboratory can
often result in sensible heat gains that require
18 to 22 air changes with an all-air system. To
make matters worse, recirculation of air
exhausted from these laboratories is not
allowed if their activities involve the use of
gases or chemicals.
Active chilled beams remove the majority (60
to 70%) of the sensible heat by means of their
chilled water coil, enabling ducted airflow rates
to be reduced accordingly. Not only is the
space more efficiently conditioned, but the
ventilation (cooing and heating) load at the air
handler is substantially reduced as far less
outdoor air is required.
Applications

4) High outdoor air percentage applications

Blind Box
Applications such as patient rooms in hospitals
typically demand higher ventilation rates as
well as accurate control of those rates. Chilled
beam systems are ideal for these applications
Passive Return Air
as their hydronic sensible cooling regulates the
Chilled Beam Grille
space temperature while allowing a constant
volume delivery of supply and ventilation air to
the space. Displacement chilled beams such
as the „TROX QLCI‟ also offer opportunities for
improved contaminant removal efficiencies,
reducing the likelihood of communicable
diseases spreading to health care staff
members.

5) Perimeter treatment for UFAD systems

As conditioned air passes through the open

floor plenum in UFAD systems, it picks up heat
transferred through the structural slab from the
return plenum of the floor below. The amount
of heat transfer that is likely to occur is very
hard to predict as many factors influence it.
However, the resultant temperature rise in the
conditioned air can often lead to discharge
temperatures 4 to 5˚F higher than those
encountered in interior zones nearer the point
of entry into the supply air plenum. Such
higher temperatures contribute to perimeter
zone airflow requirements that are typically 35
to 40% higher than that of conventional
(ducted) all-air systems.
Passive chilled beams such as the TROX TCB
series provide effective and reliable cooling of
perimeter spaces in UFAD applications. Figure
11 illustrates such an application where the
passive beam is mounted above the acoustical
ceiling and adjacent to the blind box above an
exterior window. Floor diffusers fed directly
from the pressurized supply plenum continue
to provide space ventilation and humidity
control. Heating cannot be effectively
accomplished by passive beams, so an
underfloor finned tube heating system or
radiant panel heating system typically
compliments the chilled beams.
Use of passive beams for perimeter area
sensible cooling can reduce overall supply
airflow rates in UFAD systems by as much as
50%. This also results in a) smaller air
handling units and ductwork, smaller supply
and return air risers, c) reduced maintenance
requirements and occupier disruption, d)
improved space acoustics and air quality.
Finned Tube Swirl Type
Heating Coil Floor Diffuser
Figure 11: Passive Chilled Beams for
Perimeter Treatment in a UFAD System
Chilled beams are also an excellent choice w h e r e
the vertical height of the ceiling cavity is limited. These
include applications involving:
1) Building height restrictions
Building codes may restrict the overall height
of buildings in certain locales. This commonly
promotes the use of tighter slab spacing which
reduces the depth of the ceiling cavity. Passive
chilled beams can often be fit between
structural beams in these applications. Active
chilled beam systems can easily be designed
to require 10 inches or less clearance when
integrated into the ceiling grid system.
2) Retrofits involving reduced slab spacing
Many buildings that are candidates for HVAC
system retrofits utilize packaged terminal units
(induction units, vertical fan coil units, etc.)
that are installed below the ceiling level. As
such, many of these structures have ceiling
cavities with limited depth. Chilled beams are
ideal for such retrofits.

10
 Multi-Service Chilled Beams
Multi-service (or integrated) chilled beams incorporate
other space services into the linear enclosures associ-
ated with the chilled beams. This allows fitting of the
selected services to the beams within the factory and
delivery of elements that house all of these services to
the job site in a “just-in-time” fashion. Upon arrival,
these devices are hung, attached in a linear fashion and
modular connections facilitate the installation of the
various service systems.
Figure 12 below illustrates an active multi-service beam
and the services that can be easily integrated with it.
The core of this device is a DID302 active chilled beam
which incorporates a primary air duct (and plenum) a
chilled water coil as well as inlet (perforated face) and
discharge (linear slot) air passages. The outer frame of
the device is designed to provide mounting surfaces
and provisions for other services which are installed at
the factory prior to shipment to the job site. Some of the
services that can be integrated include:
1. Lighting fixtures and controls
2. Speakers
3. Occupancy sensors
4. Smoke detectors
Figure 12: Multiservice Chilled Beams
11
In addition, the outer frame is often customized to pro-
vide a visual appeal that is consistent with the architec-
ture of the space in which it is mounted.
Multiservice chilled beams can be provided as either
active or passive versions. In cases where passive
beams are used, a separate air distribution system must
be provided. Oftentimes this air supply utilizes the cavity
beneath a raised access flooring system as a supply
plenum and is referred to as Underfloor Air Distribution.
The service fixtures provided with multiservice beams
are usually provided by others and issued tom the fac-
tory for mounting and connection where possible. Upon
completion, the beams are shipped to the job site for
mounting and final connection.
Lighting provided with these beams may be direct, indi-
rect or both. In all cases, the lighting system designer
should be consulted to assure that the beam design and
placement also provides sufficient space lighting. Fire
protection designers should also be consulted in order
to assure that the placement of the beams does not
conflict with that of the fire sprinklers.
Multi-Service Chilled Beams
Multiservice Chilled Beam Designs
Figures 13 and 14 below illustrate passive and active
(respectively multiservice beam installations.
Note that the photograph in figure 13 includes a swirl
type diffuser mounted in the floor near the window. This
diffuser supplies conditioned air for the ventilation and
dehumidification of the space. The beams include a
linear bar grille for the room air discharge and are
curved to conform to the curvature of the ceiling. Both
direct and indirect lighting is provided.
Figure 14 illustrates an active beam version where the
facial slots have been relocated such that they are not
visible and are integrated into the top of the beam, dis-
charging supply air across the surface of the exposed
slab. Again lighting is both direct and indirect in the
case of these beams.
The photographs in these figures do not show a ser-
vices corridor that runs perpendicular to the beams to-
ward the interior of the space. This corridor is approxi-
mately the depth of the beams themselves and houses
the main ductwork, piping and other services that feed
the beams. These corridors may also house the return
air passage in case where the slab is exposed. As a
rule of thumb, about thirty (30) linear feet of beams may
be connected to each run leaving the service corridor.
Most multiservice beams are provided for exposed slab
applications but other versions can be provided to inte-
grate with acoustical ceiling grids.
Figure 13: Passive Multiservice Beams
12
The Case for Multiservice Beams
Multiservice chilled beams offer numerous advantages
over conventional service delivery systems, notably:
1. As the services are integrated into the beams in the
factory, quality control can be much better main-
tained than with field mounted services. Factory
mounting involves the provision of proper fixtures
to do the work and facilitates difficult piping and
valve connection. This also allows the final piping
to be leak tested after the components are assem-
bled.
2. Factory mounting of the space services reduces
the amount of required trade coordination on the
job site.
3. All of the space services mounted in the common
housing can be easily accessed for final connection
and commissioning as well as future maintenance.
4. The design of the housing involves the project ar-
chitects as well as the engineering consultants and
drives early coordination efforts as opposed to last
minute panics.
5. The above advantages can result in significant
reductions in the time required to construct the
building.
The construction time reduction has made multiservice
beams very popular in the Europe, especially the United
Kingdom. Cases where the building construction time
has been reduced by 25 to 30 percent have been well
documented in a number of publications. Construction
schedule reductions of ten to fifteen percent result in
Figure 14: Active Multiservice Beams
 Multi-Service Chilled Beams
significant cost savings. In particular, fixed site costs
can be retired much earlier. These fixed site costs
include but are not limited to:
1. Communication and utilities services
2. Sanitation services
3. Equipment rentals
4. Insurance costs
On a job with a two year construction schedule, these
fixed costs (which contribute nothing to the value of
the project) typically amount to 12 to 14% of the value
of the construction itself. Terminating the project
sooner allows these costs to be cut proportionally.
The use of multiservice beams can also allow the
elimination of the acoustical ceiling system and, on
new construction projects, may afford the use of
lesser slab spacing. This may reduce the structure
costs as well or may allow more floors to be housed
within in a similar structure height (see next section).
Finally, earlier completion allows the building owner to
begin realizing revenue faster. The combination of
these financial impacts typically offsets the cost differ-
ence between the multiservice approach and that of
conventional HVAC and space services delivery.
Light fixture Suspended ceiling
VAV with Fan Terminals
13'-0"
9'-0"
Figure 15: Slab Spacing Reduction with Multiservice Beams
13
Building Height Requirements
Multiservice beams may also afford opportunities for
reduced building height and/or facilitate the retrofit of
buildings with limited slab spacing. The integration of
space services in the beam often eliminates the need
for an acoustical ceiling and allows the beams to be
pendant mounted directly to the structural slab.
Figure 15 below illustrates the slab spacing require-
ments of a VAV system with fan powered terminals
versus an exposed mounted multiservice active
chilled beam. The ductwork in the VAV system is
must be located such it remains below the horizontal
structural supports. It also must be supported several
inches above the ceiling grid to allow the installation
of light fixtures and sprinkler systems. In order to pro-
vide a floor to ceiling height of nine (9) feet, the slab
spacing is typically thirteen (13) feet.
Multiservice beams which are mounted to the slab
allow the provision of a ten (10) foot distance from the
floor to the overhead slab while maintaining an 8.5
foot clearance under the beams when used with a
10.5 foot slab spacing. This savings essentially allows
the addition twenty percent more floors in a building
when multiservice beams are used instead of a VAV
system.
M ultiservice Chilled Beams
10'-6" 10'-0" 8'-6"
Comfort Considerations
CHILLED BEAM SYSTEM DESIGN
GUIDELINES
The HVAC system is responsible for three important
tasks that help assure occupant comfort and a healthy
indoor environment:
1) Removal of the space sensible heat gains.
2) Delivery of a prescribed volume flow rate of
outdoor air to properly ventilate the space.
3) Sufficient dehumidification to offset the space
latent heat gains.
As the water circuit in chilled beams is designed only to
assist in achieving the sensible cooling objective, the air
supply to the space must be properly maintained to
accomplish the ventilation and dehumidification goals.
In order to achieve efficient chilled beam system
operation, certain considerations should be factored into
the development of the system design and operational
objectives. The following sections identify and briefly
discuss such considerations that apply to the design,
selection and specification of the equipment that
supplies and controls the chilled beams.
• General design objectives.
• Air-side design goals and considerations.
• Water-side design goals and considerations.
• Control and operational considerations.
The following sections discuss design decisions that
affect the sizing and selection of the air and water
system equipment and accessories.
Designing for occupant thermal comfort
The maintenance of a high level of occupant thermal
comfort is the primary objective of most chilled beam
applications. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 Thermal
Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy 2
identifies key factors that contribute to thermal comfort
and defines environmental conditions that are likely to
produce such. The Standard generally states that dur-
ing cooling operation, the space (operative) dry bulb
temperature should be maintained between 68 and
77˚F and the space dew point temperature should not
exceed 60.5˚F. If the space operative temperature is
75˚F, this maximum dew point temperature corresponds
to a relative humidity of 60%.
The Standard also defines the occupied zone as the
portion of the bounded by the floor and the head level of
the predominant stationary space occupants (42 inches
if seated, 72” if standing) and no closer than 3 feet from
outside walls/windows or 1 foot from internal walls. It is
generally accepted that velocities within the occupied
zone should not exceed 50 to 60 feet per minute.
14
Designing for acceptable space acoustical levels
The space acoustical requirements are usually dictated
by its intended use. The 2007 ASHRAE Handbook
(Applications)3 prescribes design guidance (including
recommended space acoustical levels) for various types
of facilities and their use.
AIR SIDE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Room and primary air design considerations
When chilled beam systems are being contemplated,
the relationship between the room design conditions
and the primary air requirements should be closely
evaluated.
As previously stated, the chilled water circuit within
chilled beams is capable of considerably higher
sensible heat removal efficiencies than does
conditioned air supplied to the space. As such, it is
advantageous to remove as much sensible heat as
possible by means of the chilled water circuit. In theory,
this practice would allow the supply airflow rate to the
space to be reduced proportionally and result in both
energy savings and reduced HVAC services space
requirements. However, the airflow supply to the space
is also the sole source of space ventilation and dehu-
midification so consideration of these functions is im-
perative in the design of chilled beam systems. The
primary (conditioned) airflow rate to the beam must be
sufficient to provide space humidity control, ventilation
and supplement the chilled water circuit in satisfying the
space sensible heat gains. The space primary airflow
rate must be the maximum of that needed to adequately
accomplish all of those individual tasks.
Space ventilation requirements are usually based on
the number of space occupants and the floor area in
which they reside. ASHRAE Standard 62-2004
provides guidance in the calculation of these
requirements. Some spaces (laboratories, healthcare
facilities, etc.) may require higher ventilation rates due
to processes they support. Identification of the re-
quired space ventilation rate should be the first step in
the design process.
a
 Airside Design Consideration

In order to maintain specified room humidity levels, the 4.5

primary airflow must remove moisture (latent) heat at
the rate at which it is generated. The supply airflow rate A 4.0
required to do this is determined by the equation:

Latent Airflow Factor, FLATENT

3.5 Space Relative
CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x (W ROOM - W SUPPLY) 50%
Humidity
51%
where, qLATENT is the space latent heat gain and W ROOM 3.0
52%
and W SUPPLY is the humidity ratio (LBS H2O per LB Dry
Air) of the room and supply air, respectively. 53%
2.5
54%
When chilled beam systems are used, the chilled water 55%
2.0 Optimized Design
sensible heat extraction rate allows reduction of design Range
56%
supply airflow rates by 50 to 60% over conventional all- 57%
air systems. Reductions of this magnitude may, how- 1.5
ever, compromise space ventilation and dehumidifica-
tion. When chilled beams are used in applications
1.0
where a) the design outdoor dew point temperature is 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
above 50˚F and b) preconditioning outdoor air to a dew
point temperature below that (50˚F) is not feasible, Primary Air Dewpoint Termperature, ˚F
careful consideration should be given to the determina-
tion of design room air humidity levels. Figure 12: Pschrometric relationship
Between Space and Primary Airflow
Figure 11 illustrates relationships between the primary
air supply and the space design conditions for a typical
interior space. This figure uses the specified room rela-
tive humidity and the primary air dew point tempera-
ture to establish a factor (FLATENT) that relates the pri-
mary airflow requirement to maintain the desired room
relative humidity as a ratio of the space ventilation re-
quirement. It assumes a ventilation rate of 20 CFM per
person.

The primary airflow rate required to accomplish the

desired space ventilation and dehumidification can be
calculated as:

CFMLATENT = FLATENT x CFMVENT

Note that maintenance of 50% relative humidity with

primary air supplied at a 52˚F dew point temperature
will require that the primary airflow rate for the required
space dehumidification be some 2.3 times the space
ventilation rate. If the design relative humidity of the
space were 55% (well within ASHRAE recommenda-
tions), the primary airflow requirement could be halved.
Alternatively, the primary air could be conditioned to a
48˚F dew point in order to maintain 50% relative humid-
ity with a similar primary airflow rate. As the beams are
generally operated at a constant volume flow rate, the
room relative humidity levels will remain constant during
occupied periods.

Perimeter airflow requirements in chilled beam systems

are generally driven by space sensible heat gains,
therefore, space relative humidity levels in those areas
will typically remain lower than in interior spaces.

In summary, designing for slightly higher relative

humidity levels can result in significant reductions
in space primary airflow requirements!

15
Airside Design Considerations

Room air distribution in passive beam applications
As passive beams rely only upon natural forces to
recirculate the air to and from the space, it is critical that
excessive restrictions in the air passages to and from
the beams be avoided. As such, passive beams utilize
very wide fin spacing (typically 3 to 4 fins per inch) as
opposed to conventional cooling coils. Research
indicates that the performance of these beams can also
be significantly compromised if an adequate entry and
discharge path is not maintained.
It is generally recommended that the return and dis-
charge passage of air through the ceiling perforated tile
be equal to 2 times the width of the coil, normally split
50-50, down the long sides of the beam. Figure 13 illus-
trates the recommended entry and discharge area rela-
tionships for recessed passive beams mounted above a
ceiling tile with a 50% free area. The free area of the
perforated ceiling has a direct result on performance of
the beam., as the free are decreases, the output also
decreases. The free area of the tile should not be lower
than 28%, however, no increase in output is gained
beyond 50% free area. When passive beams are
mounted very near a perimeter wall or window, the re-
quired return air passage may be reduced as the warm
air entering the beam has more momentum (contact
TROX USA for further application assistance). Exposed
beams must also be located such that the entering air
passage requirements are observed.
When passive beams are mounted adjacent to an
outside window (and the room is thermally stratified),
the momentum of the warm air rising along the
perimeter surface will likely result in entering air
temperatures 4 to 6˚F warmer than the room control
temperature, dependent on the surface temperature of
the façade.
Ceiling or high sidewall outlets can be used (with a
lesser heat transfer efficiency) provided their horizontal
throw to 50 FPM does not extend to within four feet of
the passive beam.
In order to maintain a high level of thermal comfort,
passive beams should be located such that the veloci-
ties of the falling cool air do not cause discomfort. As a
general rule, the velocity at the head level of a station-
ary occupant should not exceed 50 FPM. Figure 14
illustrates typical velocities directly below passive
beams as a function of the sensible cooling they
provide.

Min. 0.33 x B

Minimum
20% Free
Area Panel Separation Skirt

W = 2.0 x B Figure 14: Velocities Below Passive Beams

Figure 13: Entry Area Requirements for

Passive Chilled Beams
Passive chilled beams operate most efficiently in a
stratified or partially stratified room environment. As
such, displacement ventilation or underfloor air
distribution (UFAD) outlets with limited vertical
projection (throw to a terminal velocity of 50 FPM is no
more than 40% of the mounting height of the beams).
For design purposes, the beam entering air temperature
should be assumed 2˚F warmer than that at the control
level of the room under the described installation and
operating conditions.

16
 Airside Design Considerations

Space temperature control in passive beam systems is
accomplished by varying the amount of sensible heat
removed by the chilled water. The chilled water supply
to several beams within a single zone is generally
controlled by a single chilled water valve. Although the
zone may consist of multiple spaces, a certain degree
of temperature compensation for each space will be
affected by the passive beam itself. As the cooling
requirement of the space is reduced, the temperature of
the air entering the beam will also be reduced. This will
result in less heat transfer to the water circuit and a
lower return water temperature.
Passive chilled beams cannot be used for heating as its
airflow would be reversed. They are typically applied
with some type of separate heating system such as low
level finned tube heaters. Radiant (ceiling or wall
mounted) heating panels can also be used depending
on the façade heat losses expected.
Thermal comfort considerations with active beams
Active beams can be for heat in moderate climates. Hot
water can either be delivered to each perimeter area
beam or to a hot water heating coil in the duct supply-
ing a number of beams within the same thermal control
zone. The use of a zone hot water heating coil feeing
multiple chilled beams is a generally more economic
option than piping each chilled beam for heating as it
may save considerable labor and piping material costs.
If active chilled beams are used for heating, the follow-
ing recommendations should be observed:
• Chilled beam discharge temperatures should
be maintained within 15˚F of the room
temperature.
• Velocities at the mid-level of outside walls and
windows should be maintained within the
region indicated in figure 15.
Unoccupied periods demanding heating via the chilled
beams or primary air system will require that the AHU
remain operational.

While the primary (conditioned) airflow rate for active
chilled beams can be greatly reduced, their induction
ratios (2 to 6 CFM of room air per CFM primary air)
result in discharge airflow rates that are slightly higher
than those of conventional all-air systems. As such,
attention should be exercised in the beam placement to
avoid drafty conditions and maximize occupant thermal
comfort. Figure 15 predicts maximum occupied zone
velocities for various combinations of primary airflow
rates and active beam spacing. This nomograph
suggests local velocities which will maintain acceptable
levels of occupant comfort per ASHRAE.
Variable air volume operation using active beams
Although normally operated as constant air volume
delivery devices, active chilled beams can also be used
as variable air volume (VAV) devices. VAV operation
may be advantageous when space occupancy and/or
ventilation demands vary widely. Recommendations for
the control of chilled beams in VAV applications can be
found in the control section of this document.

As the room air distribution provided by active

beams is identical to that provided by ceiling slot
diffusers, their selection for (total) discharge airflow
rates greater than 40 CFM per linear foot of slot is
not recommended when high levels of occupant
thermal comfort are required!

The vL velocities shown in figure 15 are those predicted

within 2 inches of the window or wall surface during
cooling operation. It is recommended that beams which
are configured for both heating and cooling of perimeter
spaces be selected such that vL (selected for cooling
operation) is between 120 and 150 FPM in order to
assure that the warm air is adequately projected down
the perimeter surface. Velocities taken 6 inches away
from the surface can be expected to be about half those
values.

Heating in chilled beam applications

Ceiling or high sidewall mounted passive chilled beams

exert no motive force on their discharge airflow, and
cannot be used for overhead heating. Heating must be
provided by a separate source, either the primary air
supply or a separate heating system (finned tube,
radiant panel, etc.).

17
Airside Design Considerations

Velocity exceeds that recommended for high

occupant comfort levels.
H - H1 (feet) Ceiling Height (H), ft.
ASHRAE recommended selection for perimeter
3 4 5 6 beams doing both heating and cooling. 9 10 11 12

Velocities VH1 and VL are based on a 15˚F

(cooling) temperature differential
100 FPM between the room and the supply Local
airstream. Velocity VL ,
Type C Nozzle: QTOTAL = 3.2 x QPRIMARY FPM
BEAM
90 FPM TOTAL Type B Nozzle: QTOTAL = 4.2 x QPRIMARY
AIRFLOW Type A Nozzle: QTOTAL = 5.3 x QPRIMARY
RATE Type G Nozzle: QTOTAL = 5.3 x QPRIMARY
Type M Nozzle: QTOTAL = 6.1 x QPRIMARY 150 FPM
Local Velocity V H1 , FPM

80 FPM

80 CFM/LF

70 FPM
140 FPM

60 FPM 70 CFM/LF

130 FPM

50 FPM
60 CFM/LF
120 FPM
40 FPM

50 CFM/LF 110 FPM

30 FPM 100 FPM

40 CFM/LF
90 FPM

4 6 8 10 12 14

Distance A/2 or L (feet)

L A

0.5 QSUPPLY 0.5 QSUPPLY 0.5 QSUPPLY

40 mm
0.5 H H - H1

VL VH1

NOTES:
1) V L values in chart are measured 6" from wall. Velocites 12" from wall will be 40% lower.
2) Selection and velocity recommendations are per 2007 ASHRAE Handbook (HVAC Applications) .

Figure 15: Local Velocity Predictions for TROX Series 300U, 600U, 300BU and 600BU
Active Chilled Beams

18
 Water Side Design Considerations

WATER SIDE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Once the room air conditions have been established,
the water side design objectives and requirements can
be identified. Certain factors must be considered in
arriving at the chilled water system design. The
following sections discuss these.
Chilled water supply source
There are several possible sources of adequately
conditioned chilled water for the supply of chilled beam
systems. Among these are several sources discussed
below:
• Return water from AHU chilled water coil
TROX USA recommends that the chilled water sup-
ply temperature for passive chilled beams is at least
1˚F above the maximum room dew point that can be
controlled to whilst active beams are kept at or
above the room dew point as an operational safety
margin. In general, most beams installed to date have
a supply temperature 1.5˚F or more above room dew
point.
The return water temperature leaving chilled beams is
at least 3˚F higher than the chilled water supply. As
such, the chilled water return piping does not normally
need to be insulated.
Primary Chilled
Primary Chilled Water Return
Water Supply

• Dedicated chilled water supply system HEAT EXCHANGER

• District chilled water supply
• Geothermal wells
3-way
Moduating Supply Temperature
When air handling units associated with chilled beam Valve Controller T
systems utilize chilled water evaporator coils, their
return water can often be used to remove heat from the
Chilled Water
chilled beam circuit. Figure 16 illustrates a chilled water Pump
Return Water Bypass
loop whose heat is extracted through a heat exchanger
to the AHU return water loop. The chilled water supply Secondary
Secondary
is a closed loop which includes a bypass by which Chilled Water
(Tempered) Chilled
Water Supply to
return water can be bypassed around the heat Return
Beams
exchanger to maintain the desired chilled water supply
temperature to the beams. Figure 17 illustrates a chilled
beam system where the beams are supplied by a dedi-
Figure 15: Shared or Tempered Chilled
cated chiller. The chilled water loop allows the chiller to Water Supply Circuit
operate at a higher efficiency due to the higher return
water temperatures associated with the chilled beam
system. The chiller‟s COP can often be increased by 25 Dedicated
to 30% by doing so. Chiller

In some cases, water from district chilled water supplies

or geothermal wells may replace the return water from 3-way
Moduating Supply Temperature
the AHU and serve as the primary loop in the heat Valve Controller
Storage T
exchanger shown in figure 16. Vessel

Chilled water supply and return temperatures Chilled Water

Return Water Bypass Pump

The most important decision regarding the chilled water Secondary

system involves the specification of a chilled water Secondary (Tempered) Chilled
Chilled Water Water Supply to
supply temperature. In order to prevent condensation Return Beams
from forming on the beams, the chilled water supply
temperature must be sufficiently maintained. The
REHVA Chilled Beam Applications Guidebook1 Figure 16: Dedicated Chilled Water Circuit
suggests that condensation will first occur on the supply
piping entering the beam. As such, it is very important
to insulate the chilled water supply piping to the beams.
Reference 4 suggests that condensation will not likely
form when the active chilled water supply temperature
is maintained no lower than 3˚F below the room air dew
point and at least 1˚F above the space dew point
temperature in the case of passive beams.

19
Water Side Design Considerations

Hot water supply and return temperatures

Active chilled beams can be used for perimeter heating

and cooling in mild climates. It is recommended that the
hot water supply be maintained at a temperature that
will result in a beam discharge temperature no more
than15˚F warmer than the ambient room temperature.

Water flow rates

There are factors that affect the minimum and maximum

water flow rates within the chilled beam system.
Maximum flow rates are limited by the pressure loss
within the beam. Minimum flow rates are based on the
maintenance of turbulent flow to assure proper heat
transfer. The following recommendations apply to the
chilled water system design:

Water head loss through the beams should be

limited to 10 feet H2O or less.
Pressures exceeding 10 feet H2O at the water con-
trol valve may cause noise when the valve begins
opening.
The 2005 ASHRAE Handbook (Fundamentals)5
limits water flow rates in pipes that are two (2)
inches in diameter or less to that which results in
maximum velocities of 4 FPS.
Chilled beam water flow rates below 0.15 GPM
may result in non-turbulent flow. Selection below
this flow rate should not be made as the coil per-
formance cannot be assured.

Water treatment recommendations

As most of the elements within the chilled (and hot)

water piping systems are typically copper or brass, it is
important that the water circuit is treated to assure that
there are no corrosive elements in the water. The water
circuits feeding the chilled beams should also be treated
with a sodium nitrite and biocide solutions to prevent
bacterial growth. Glycol should not be added except
where absolutely necessary as it changes the specific
capacity of the chilled water and its effect on the chilled
beam performance must be estimated and accounted
for. Prior to start up and commissioning, all chilled and
hot water piping should be flushed for contaminants.

20
 Control Strategies

CHILLED BEAM CONTROL CONSIDERATIONS

This section discusses the control of both the air and

the water supply in chilled beam systems. It also
presents and discusses strategies for condensation
prevention.

Temperature control and zoning with chilled beams

Room temperature control is primarily accomplished by

varying the water flow rate or its supply temperature to
the chilled beam coils in response to a zone thermostat
signal. Modulation of the chilled water flow rate typically
produces a 7 to 8˚F swing in the beam‟s supply air
temperature, which affects a 50 - 60% turndown in the
beam‟s sensible cooling rate. This is usually suffi-
cient for the control of interior spaces (except confer-
ence areas) where sensible loads do not tend to vary
significantly. If additional reduction of the space cooling
is required, the primary air supply to the beam can be
reduced. In any case, modulation of the chilled water
flow rate or temperature should be the primary means
for controlling room temperature as it has little or no
effect on space ventilation and/or dehumidification. Only
after the chilled water flow has been discontinued
should the primary airflow rate be reduced.
Thermal control zones for chilled beam applications
should be establish in precisely the same manner they
are defined for all air systems. These zones should
consist of adjacent spaces whose sensible cooling
requirements are similar, and several beams should be
controlled from a single space thermostat. For example,
the beams serving several perimeter spaces with the
same solar exposure can be controlled by a single
thermostat to create a zone of similar size to that which
might be served by a single fan terminal in an all air
system. Conference rooms and other areas with widely
varying occupancy should be controlled separately.
Control of the primary airflow rate
Figure 17 illustrates a TROX model VFL flow limiter
which can be fitted directly to the inlet side of the active
beam. This limiter is fully self-contained and requires no
power or control connections. It may be field set to
maintain a volume flow rate to the beam. VFL limiters
are recommended for use on beams fed by the same
air handling unit supplying VAV terminals. The VFL
compensates for system pressure changes to maintain
the beam‟s design airflow rate. Figure 18 illustrates this
application.
VFL flow limiters require a minimum of 0.15 inches H2O
differential static pressure to operate. This must be
added to the catalogued pressure loss of the beam to
arrive at an appropriate inlet static pressure require-
ment. For acoustical reasons, the inlet static pressure
should not exceed 1.0 inches H2O. More information on
VFL flow limiters may be found in TROX leaflet 5/9.2/
EN/3.
Figure 18: TROX VFL Flow Controller
Chilled (and hot) water flow control strategies
The most economical way to control the output of the
chilled beam is to modulate the water flow rate through
the coil. This may be accomplished in either of two
ways. Figure 19 illustrates a typical piping and hydronic
control schematic for a single thermal zone utilizing
chilled beams. There are isolation valves within each
zone which allow the chilled beam coils within the zone
to be isolated from the chilled water system. This
enables beams to be relocated or removed without
disturbing the water flow in other zones. The coils‟ water
flow rate is throttled by a 2-way chilled water valve
actuated by the zone thermostat. Most chilled beam
systems utilize floating point valve actuators that
provide on-off control of the beam water flow. Throttling
the water flow rate results in variable volume flow
through the main water loop while its supply and return
water temperatures tend to remain relatively constant.
Figure 20 shows a zone within a chilled beam system
that is controlled by a 3-way valve. Such a schematic
will allow modulation of the chilled water flow to the
beams within the zone while maintaining a constant
volume flow rate within the main distribution system.
Such control may be advantageous in cases where a
dedicated chiller is used and significant variations in the
water flow rate can result in danger of freezing within
the chiller itself. Three way valves are also frequently
used when condensation prevention controls are
employed.
The piping illustrated in figure 19 is reverse-return. The
first unit supplied with chilled water is the farthest from
the main chilled water return. Using reverse-return

21
Control Strategies

Chilled Chilled
water water
supply return

Isolation
Isolation
valve valve

2 way
on-off
control
valve

T Zone thermostat

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Figure 19: Chilled Beam Zone Control by Means of a Throttling (On/Off) 2 Way Valve

Chilled Chilled
water water
supply return

Isolation
valves (2)
Flow
Measurement
and Balancing
Valves 3 way
proportional
control
valve

T Zone thermostat

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Figure 20: Chilled Beam Zone Control by Means of a Diverting 3 Way Valve

Chilled Chilled
Zone thermostat T water water
supply return
3 way proportional
control valve

Isolation
Pump valves (2)

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Figure 21: Chilled Beam Zone Control by Water Temperature Modulation

22
 Control Strategies

Outdoor Air
piping tends to adequately balance the water flow to Dew Point
multiple beams within a single zone. Sensor

The chilled beam output may also be controlled by

HEAT
maintaining the water flow rate constant and modulating EXCHANGER
its temperature. In these cases, the water flow rate Supply Water
throughout both the main and zone circuits remains Temperature
constant. This is a more expensive alternative which is Controller

generally only used where space humidity levels are

unpredictable yet condensation must be prevented T
without compromising the space thermal conditions.
Figure 21 illustrates such a zone using a mixing Chilled
Return Water Bypass
strategy where return water is recirculated to raise the Water
Pump
chilled water supply temperature to the beams. A pump
must be supplied within the zone piping circuit to
Secondary Chilled Secondary (Tempered) Chilled
produce a sufficient head to pump the Water Return Water Supply to Beams
supply/recirculated water mixture to the beams.
Pressure
R
Regulator
Condensation prevention strategies
2-way Chilled
Water Valve
As long as the space dew point temperature can be (one per zone)
maintained within a reasonable (+/- 2˚F) range and the To Chilled Beam
chilled water supply temperature is at (or above) the Zones
design value, there should be no chance of condensa-
tion on the surfaces of the chilled beams. The beam Figure 22: Chilled Water Temperature
surfaces will never be as cold as the entering chilled
water temperature. In the case of active beams, the
Reset Based on Outdoor Dew Point
constant room airflow across the coil surface will also
provide a drying effect.
Chilled Chilled
Some applications may, however, be subject to periods water
supply T Zone thermostat
water
return
where room humidity conditions drift or rise due to
infiltration or other processes that may add significant Moisture Sensor

unaccounted for moisture to the space. In these cases, Isolation

Isolation
valve
the employment of some type of condensation control valve

strategy may be warranted. There are several methods 2 way

on-off
of condensation prevention control that include the control
following (and combinations of such): valve

• Central monitoring and control

• Zonal monitoring with on/off control
• Zonal monitoring with modulating control Chilled beams within a single thermal zone

Central dew point monitoring and control involves the

measurement of the outdoor dew point temperature and
control of the chilled water supply temperature in
relation to that. This is an effective method of control for
relatively mild climate applications where operable
windows and/or other sources contribute to excessive
infiltration of outdoor air. The central supply water
temperature can be modulated to remain at (or some
amount above) the outdoor air dew point. Figure 22
illustrates such a method of condensation control.
An alternative method of condensation prevention is the
use of zonal on/off control signaled by moisture sensors
on the zone chilled water connection (see figure 23) .
When moisture forms on the supply water pipe next to
the zone water valve, the zone water flow is shut off
and will not be restored until the moisture has been
Figure 23: Throttling Chilled Water Control
with Moisture Sensor Override
evaporated. Conditioning of the space will be limited to
that provided by the primary airflow until acceptable
humidity conditions allow the chilled water flow to be
resumed. This is an economic and effective method of
condensation control in spaces where such conditions
are not expected to occur frequently. The sensor may
also be used as a signal to increase the flow of primary
air to further dehumidify the space, reducing the time
that the chilled water flow is shut off.

23
Installation and Commissioning

If the maintenance of local thermal conditions is critical,

a zone humidistat may be used to modulate the zone
chilled water supply temperature as shown in figure 24.
This requires that each zone fitted for such control be Uni-strut Channels
fitted with a pump capable of recirculating return water bolted to structure
above allows
into the supply circuit of the chilled beam. adjustment along
beam width
Temperature T Chilled Chilled
Sensor
water water
Beam suspended
supply return
Dew Point Zone Temperature 3 way from channels by
Sensor and Humidity proportional threaded rods
Controller control valve
Factory furnished
Isolation mounting brackets
Pump valves allow adjustment
(2) along beam length

Figure 25: Installation of an Active Beam

Chilled beams within a single thermal zone Integration with

standard 1" wide
Figure 24: Condensation Protection Using (inverted) tee bar grid
Temperature/Humidity Sensing to Modulate 1"
the Zone Chilled Water Temperature

Integration with narrow

INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING 9/16" wide (inverted)
tee bar grid
Mounting considerations
9/16"
The weight of chilled beams requires that they be
separately supported, independent of any integrated
ceiling grid or drywall surface. They are usually
suspended from the structure above by means of Integration with narrow
threaded rods or other sufficiently strong support means 9/16" wide tubular type
5/16"
that allow the beam‟s position to be vertically adjusted.
grid
The beams are usually mounted and connected prior to
the installation of the ceiling grid or drywall. TROX
chilled beams are furnished with a minimum of four (4) 9/16"
attachment angles whose position can be adjusted
along the beam length to allow the beam to be
“dropped” into the suspended ceiling grid with which it is
integrated. When integrated with a ceiling grid system Integration into dry wall
or drywall, it is recommended that the beams be ceiling using plaster
suspended from linear channels (such as uni-strut) that frame
run perpendicular to the beam‟s length, so there is
some adjustability in every direction. Figure 25 1"
illustrates the mounting of active and passive beams.

TROX offers various borders to coordinate DID series Figure 26: Integration of Active Beams into
beams with three types of acoustical ceiling grids Common Ceiling System Applications
(illustrated in figure 26):

24
 Installation and Commissioning
When active beams are to be used without an adjacent
ceiling surface, TROX recommends that an extended
outer surface be furnished which allows formation of a
Coanda effect that helps direct the discharge air
horizontally and prevent dumping.
Recessed passive chilled beams may also be
integrated with suspension grid systems, but they are
usually mounted above the grid and have no direct
interaction with it. It is recommended that a separation
skirt (see figure 13) be used to separate the two air
streams (warm entering air from cool discharge air) of
the beam. Exposed passive beams are almost always
pendant mounted to the structural slab above and used
without a false ceiling system.
Air and water connections
Connection of the chilled water (and hot water where
applicable) supplies to chilled beams are the
responsibility of the installing contractor. Chilled beams
may be furnished with either NPT (threaded) male con-
nections or with straight pipe ends appropriate for field
soldering. While each coil is factory tested for leakage,
it is important that the beams are at no time subjected
to installation or handling that might result in bending or
otherwise damaging the pipe connections in any way.
All control, balancing and shut –off valves that may be
necessary are also to be provided and installed by
others. Do not over tighten any threaded connections to
the beams.
All chilled water supply piping should be adequately
insulated. Return water piping may be left un-insulated
provided the return water temperature remains above
the dew point of the spaces over which it passes.
Flexible hoses may be used for chilled beam water
connections. These hoses may employ either threaded
or snap lock connectors. TROX USA offers such
threaded connectors as an option. These connectors
are 100% tested and marked with individual
identification numbers. In the event of a failure, the
batch within which they were manufactured can be
readily identified and preemptive remediation can be
performed without concern that all hoses on the job are
subject to failure soon. The normal life of flexible hoses
exceeds fifteen year but can be affected by (among
other things) swings in their operational temperature
and lack of sufficient water treatment.
The connection of the primary air supply duct to active
chilled beams is also the responsibility of the installing
contractor. This connection should include the provision
of at least eight (8) inches of straight sheet metal duct
connected directly to the beam‟s primary air inlet. No
more than five (5) feet of flexible duct should be used to
a
25
connect the beam to the supply air duct and this flexible
duct should not have any excess bends or radius.
Water treatment
It is imperative that there are no corrosive elements in
the secondary water supply to the beams as there are
brass fittings on the coils and/or connection hoses.
Periodic testing of the secondary water circuit on each
floor should be performed to assure that none of these
corrosive elements are present.
Prior to connection to the beams and the chiller plant,
the water pipes should be thoroughly flushed to remove
any impurities that may reside within them. Only after
this purging has occurred should the connections to the
coils and the chiller plant be performed. Additional
information regarding system cleaning may be found in
reference 6.
Once filled by the mechanical contractor, the system
should be dosed with chemicals that prevent bacterial
growth. Typical additives would be a sodium nitrate
inhibitor solution of 1000 parts per million (e.g. Nalcol
90) and a biocide solution of 200 parts per million (e.g.
Nalcol). Reference 6 provides additional information
regarding water treatment.
System Commissioning
TROX provides each beam with vents that are used to
purge air from the water circuit. These vents are located
on the coil‟s intended return header. Prior to
commissioning any air trapped in the pipe work should
be purged from the water circuit through these vents.
A flow measuring device and suitable balancing valve
should be provided for each beam which will enable
adjustment of the chilled water flow rate to each beam
within the thermal zone to its design value. This is
illustrated in figure 20. Where five to six beams are
installed in a reverse-return piping circuit (per figure 19),
there will likely be no need for such measuring devices
and balancing valves.
The primary airflow rate to an active chilled beam can
best be determined by measuring the static pressure
within the pressurized entry plenum and referring to the
calibration chart provided with the beam. TROX
provides an integral pressure tap (accessible through
the face of the beam) to which a measuring gauge can
be connected. Do not attempt to read the total dis-
charge airflow rate using a hood or any other device
that adds downstream pressure to the beam as it will
reduce the amount of induction and as such give false
readings.
Maintenance

SYSTEM OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE REFERENCES

There are certain operational requirements that must 1. REHVA. 2004. Chilled Beam Application
observed when chilled beam systems are employed in Guidebook.
humid climates. In the event the HVAC system is 2. ASHRAE. 2004 Thermal environmental
disabled on nights and/or weekends, the chilled water con di tio ns for h u man oc cu pa nc y.
supply must remain suspended until the primary air ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004.
supply has properly dehumidified the space. It is 3. ASHRAE. 2007. ASHRAE Handbook-
recommended that some type of space humidity Applications.
sensing be used to assure that a proper space dew 4. Energie. 2001. Climatic ceilings technical note:
point temperature has been established prior to starting design calculations.
the delivery of chilled water to the space. 5. ASHRAE. 2005. ASHRAE Handbook-
Fundamentals.
If chilled beams are to be used in traffic or lobby areas, 6. BSRIA. 1991. Pre-commission cleaning of
it is important that the space be maintained at a positive water systems. BSRIA Application Guide 8/91.
pressure in order to minimize the infiltration of outdoor 7. ASHRAE. 2004 Ventilation for acceptable
air. In the case of lobby areas, the use of revolving indoor air quality. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
doors may be warranted. It is also recommended that 62.1-2004.
the beams not be located near any opening doors or
windows in these areas.

Maintenance requirements

Due to their simplicity and lack of moving parts, chilled

beams require little maintenance. In fact, the only
scheduled maintenance with chilled beams involves the
periodic vacuuming of their coil surfaces. Passive
beams generally require that this be done every four to
five years. In the case of active beams, such cleaning is
only required when the face of the unit return section
shows visible dirt. At this time, the primary air nozzles
should be visually inspected and any debris or lint
removed. In all cases, it is recommended that good
filtration be maintained within the air handling unit.

26

CHILLED BEAM SELECTION
PASSIVE BEAM SELECTION AND LOCATION
Selection and location of passive chilled beams is pri-
marily affected by the following parameters:
• Required sensible heat removal
• Allowable chilled water supply temperature
• Horizontal and vertical space restrictions
• Occupant thermal comfort considerations
• Architectural considerations
Chilled water supply and return temperatures
Before a passive beam selection can be made, it is
necessary that an appropriate chilled water supply
temperature be identified. TROX USA recommends that
the chilled water supply temperature to passive beams
be maintained at least 1˚F above the space dew point
temperature in order to assure that condensation does
not occur.
Return water temperatures will generally be 3 to 6˚F
higher than the supply water temperature.
Water flow rate and pressure loss considerations
Water flow velocities in excess of 4 feet per second
should be avoided in order to prevent unwanted noise.
Design water flow rates below 0.25 gallons per minute
are not recommended as laminar flow begins to occur
below this flow rate and coil performance may be
reduced. Passive chilled beams should also be selected
such that their water side head loss does not exceed 10
feet of water.
Passive chilled beam performance data
The amount of sensible cooling that can be provided by
an active chilled beam is dependent on all of the factors
listed above. Tables 2 and 3 illustrate the performance
of TROX TCB-1 and TCB-2 series passive chilled
beams. The available beam widths are listed in the
table. The water side pressure loss is illustrated for 4, 6,
8 and 10 foot versions of each beam. The sensible
cooling capacity of each beam is expressed in BTUH
per linear foot of length for various temperature
differentials between entering air and the entering
chilled water supply. This capacity is based on a 6 foot
beam length, a discharge free area of 50% and an
equal inlet free area. It also assumes that the distance
between the beam and any obstacle above it is at least
40% the width of the beam. Table 4 presents correction
factors for other beam lengths and inlet/discharge
conditions.
Passive beam selection procedures
Selection of passive chilled beams should be performed
as follows:
27
Passive Beam Selection
1. Estimate the beam entering air temperature
• If a fully mixed room air distribution
system is being used, the entering air
temperature will equal the room control
temperature.
• If a stratified system is being used, the
entering air temperature may be assumed
to be 2˚F warmer than the room control
temperature.
• When mounted directly above a perimeter
window, the entering air temperature can
be assumed to be 6˚F warmer than the
room temperature.
2. Specify the chilled water supply temperature.
3. Using the temperature difference between the
entering air and chilled water, select a beam
whose width and length will remove the
required amount of sensible heat.
4. Identify the required water flow rate and
pressure loss for the selected beam.
Passive chilled beam selection examples
EXAMPLE 1:
TCB-1 series passive (recessed type) chilled beams are
being used to condition an interior office space that is
120 feet long by 60 feet wide with a sensible heat gain
12 BTUH per square foot. The space is controlled by a
thermostat (at the mid-level of the room) for a dry bulb
temperature of 76˚F and space RH of 50%. A thermal
displacement ventilation system supplies 0.2 CFM per
square foot of pretreated ventilation air at 65˚F.
SOLUTION:
The total sensible heat gain of the space is 8,640
BTUH. The room dew point temperature is 57˚F
therefore a chilled water supply temperature of 58˚F will
be used.
As the displacement ventilation system being used in
conjunction with the beams will crate a stratified room
environment, the beam entering air temperature (and
the return air temperature leaving the space) may be
assumed to be 2˚F warmer than the room control
temperature, or in this case 78˚F.
a
Passive Beam Performance

ΔPWATER, ft. H2O Sensible Cooling Capacity, (BTUH/LF)

Beam Width (B) Water Flow Rate
Chilled Beam Length, Ft. TROOM - TCWS
(inches) (GPM)
4 5 6 8 10 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0.75 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 216 236 257 278 299 319 340 361
1.00 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.9 243 264 285 305 326 347 367 388
1.25 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.9 259 280 301 321 342 363 383 404
1.50 2.3 2.5 2.9 3.6 4.2 270 291 301 332 353 374 394 415
1.75 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 278 299 319 340 361 381 402 423
24
2.00 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 284 304 325 346 366 387 408 428
2.25 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 288 309 329 350 371 391 412 433
2.50 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 292 312 333 354 374 395 416 437
2.75 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 295 315 336 357 377 398 419 439
3.00 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.8 2.1 297 318 338 359 380 400 421 442
0.75 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 211 229 247 264 278 296 315 334
1.00 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.6 232 249 267 284 299 318 337 355
1.25 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 244 262 279 297 312 331 350 368
1.50 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.8 3.5 252 270 287 305 321 346 359 377
1.75 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 270 276 293 311 327 216 365 383
20
2.00 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 262 280 298 315 332 351 369 388
2.25 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 266 284 301 319 336 354 373 392
2.50 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 269 286 304 321 339 357 376 395
2.75 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 271 288 306 324 341 360 378 397
3.00 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 273 290 308 325 343 362 380 399
0.75 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 183 197 212 227 241 256 270 285
1.00 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 197 211 226 240 255 270 284 299
1.25 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.5 205 220 234 249 263 278 293 307
1.50 1.9 2.2 2.4 3.0 3.6 210 225 240 254 269 283 298 313
1.75 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 214 229 244 258 273 287 302 317
16
2.00 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 217 232 247 261 276 290 305 320
2.25 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 220 234 249 264 278 293 307 322
2.50 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 222 236 251 265 280 295 309 324
2.75 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.2 223 238 252 267 281 296 311 325
3.00 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 224 239 254 268 283 297 312 327
0.75 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 164 174 185 195 206 217 227 238
1.00 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 172 182 193 204 214 225 235 246
1.25 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.5 177 187 198 208 219 230 240 251
1.50 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.8 2.1 180 191 201 212 222 233 244 254
1.75 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 182 193 203 214 225 235 246 256
12
2.00 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 184 195 205 216 226 237 248 258
2.25 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 185 196 207 217 228 238 249 260
2.50 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 186 197 208 218 229 239 250 261
2.75 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 187 198 209 219 230 240 251 262
3.00 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 188 199 209 220 230 241 252 262

NOTES REGARDING PERFORMANCE DATA:

1. Sensible cooling data is based on a six (6) foot long uncapped beam with a 12" stack height (H), a ceiling free area of 50%
and an air passage width (W) twice the beam width (B) per figure 13.
2. For other beam lengths, ceiling free areas and/or air passage widths see table 3 for correction factors.

Table 1: TCB-1 Passive Beam (One Row Coil) Cooling Performance Data

28
 Passive Beam Performance

ΔPWATER, ft. H2O Sensible Cooling Capacity, (BTUH/LF)

Beam Width (B) Water Flow Rate
Chilled Beam Length, Ft. TROOM - TCWS
(inches) (GPM)
4 5 6 8 10 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
0.75 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 153 194 236 277 318 360 401 442
1.00 3.2 2.3 2.6 3.1 3.7 242 283 324 366 407 448 490 531
1.25 5.0 3.6 4.1 4.8 5.8 295 336 377 418 460 501 542 584
1.50 7.2 5.2 5.9 6.9 8.3 330 371 412 454 495 536 577 619
1.75 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 354 396 437 478 520 561 602 643
24
2.00 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.9 373 415 456 497 539 580 621 662
2.25 1.3 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 387 429 470 511 553 594 635 677
2.50 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.9 399 440 482 523 564 606 647 688
2.75 1.9 2.2 2.4 3.0 3.5 409 450 491 533 574 615 656 698
3.00 2.3 2.6 2.9 3.6 4.2 417 458 499 541 582 623 665 706
0.75 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.7 169 204 239 273 308 343 378 413
1.00 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.7 3.1 232 266 301 336 371 406 440 475
1.25 2.6 3.0 3.4 4.2 4.8 267 302 337 372 407 441 476 511
1.50 3.8 4.3 4.9 6.0 6.9 292 326 361 396 431 466 500 535
1.75 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.1 309 343 378 413 448 483 517 552
20
2.00 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.4 322 356 391 426 461 496 530 565
2.25 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.8 332 366 401 436 471 506 540 575
2.50 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.2 340 375 409 444 479 514 549 583
2.75 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 2.7 346 381 416 451 486 520 555 590
3.00 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.9 3.2 352 387 422 456 491 526 561 596
0.75 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 168 195 221 247 274 300 326 352
1.00 1.4 1.5 1.7 2.2 2.5 202 228 254 281 307 333 360 386
1.25 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.4 3.9 222 249 275 301 327 354 380 406
1.50 3.0 3.4 3.9 4.9 5.7 235 262 288 314 341 367 393 419
1.75 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.8 1.0 245 272 298 324 350 377 403 429
16
2.00 0.7 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.2 252 279 305 331 358 384 410 437
2.25 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6 258 284 311 337 363 389 416 442
2.50 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.6 2.0 262 289 315 341 368 394 420 447
2.75 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 266 292 319 345 371 398 424 450
3.00 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.4 2.8 269 296 322 348 375 401 427 453
0.75 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.3 153 176 198 221 244 266 289 311
1.00 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.2 177 199 222 245 267 290 312 335
1.25 1.8 2.0 2.3 3.0 3.5 191 214 237 259 282 304 327 350
1.50 2.5 2.9 3.3 4.3 5.0 201 224 246 269 291 314 337 359
1.75 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 208 231 253 276 298 321 344 366
14
2.00 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.1 213 236 258 281 303 326 349 371
2.25 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.3 217 240 262 285 308 330 353 375
2.50 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.7 220 243 265 288 311 333 356 378
2.75 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.7 2.0 223 245 268 291 313 336 358 381
3.00 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.4 225 248 270 293 315 338 361 383

NOTES REGARDING PERFORMANCE DATA:

1. Sensible cooling data is based on a six (6) foot long uncapped beam with a 12" stack height (H), a ceiling free area of 50%
and an air passage width (W) twice the beam width (B) per figure 13.
2. For other beam lengths, ceiling free areas and/or air passage widths see table 3 for correction factors.

Table 2: TCB-2 Passive Beam (Two Row Coil) Cooling Performance Data

29
Passive Beam Performance

Cooling Performance Factor (FC)

Beam Length Stack Height Ceiling Panel Free Area Beam Width (Inches)
(linear ft.) (inches) (%) 12 * 14 * 16 20 24
W = 2.0 x B W = 2.0 x B W = 2.0 x B W = 2.0 x B W = 2.0 x B
30.0% 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81
8 40.0% 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91
50% or more 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95
30.0% 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86
4 10 40.0% 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96
50% or more 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01
30.0% 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90
12 40.0% 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01
50% or more 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06
30.0% 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77
8 40.0% 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86
50% or more 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90
30.0% 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81
6 10 40.0% 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90
50% or more 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95
30.0% 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85
12 40.0% 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95
50% or more 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
30.0% 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73
8 40.0% 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.82
50.0% 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86
30.0% 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78
8 10 40.0% 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87
50% or more 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91
30.0% 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.82
12 40.0% 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91
50.0% 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96
30.0% 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71
8 40.0% 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80
50% or more 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84
30.0% 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
10 10 40.0% 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84
50% or more 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88
30.0% 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79
12 40.0% 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88
50% or more 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93

* TCB-1 (1 row) beams are available in 12 inch width, but not 14 inches. TCB-2 (2 row) beams are available in 14 inch width, but not 12".

NOTES:
1. Cooling performance in tables 1 and 2 are based on 6 foot long beams with a 12" stack height (and W = 2.0 x B).
They also assume a 50% (or more free area for both the intake and discharge section (see table 13).
2. To determine the performance of a beam with a different length, stack height or facial (free) area, multiply the
appropriate cooling factor (FC) from the table of above by the sensible cooling value from table 1 or 2.
3. To determine the performance of a beam with a different length, stack height or facial (free) area, multiply the
appropriate cooling factor (FC) from the table of above by the sensible cooling value from table 1 or 2.

Table 3: Correction Factors for Other Beam Configurations

30

The sensible heat removal of the ventilation air can then
be calculated as follows:
qVENT = 1.09 x CFMVENT x (TRETURN – TSUPPLY)
= 1.09 x (0.2 x 720) x (78 – 65)
= 2,040 BTUH
The required sensible heat removal of the beams is the
total sensible heat gain of the space (8,640 BTUH) less
that removed by the air supply (2,040 BTUH) or 6,600
BTUH.
In order to contain the beam and its required inlet area
within a single 2 foot wide ceiling module, it is desired
that 12” wide beams be used. Table 1 indicates four 8
foot long beams with chilled water flow rates of 0.75
GPM (and a 20˚F temperature differential between the
entering air and chilled water) could remove the re-
quired sensible heat. These would be located uniformly
within the space.
Passive Beams in Perimeter Applications
When passive beams are used for perimeter applica-
tions, it is not necessary that the inlet area to the beam
be as wide as with interior applications. The momentum
of the warm air moving up the façade assists in the de-
livery to the beam. Figure 27 illustrates such an applica-
tion and suggests that the width of the gap between the
beam and the façade can be as little as 33 percent of
the beam width, but must be maintained throughout the
entire entry passage. For such cases, the performance
data shown in tables 1 and 2 may be used. In addition,
the beam entering air temperature can be assumed to
be 6 to 8°F warmer during design operation.
EXAMPLE 2:
A TCB-2 (recessed type) passive beam is to be used for
conditioning a 120 square foot perimeter space served
by a UFAD system. The space design conditions are
74˚F/55% RH. The space sensible heat gain is 45
BTUH per square foot, 10 BTUH per square foot of
which will be removed by the pretreated air in the UFAD
system. The perimeter exposure is 10 feet long.
SOLUTION:
The beam entering air temperature can be assumed to
be 81˚F. A chilled water supply temperature of 59˚F
(1˚F above the space dew point) has been chosen,
therefore the temperature difference between the enter-
ing air and entering water is 22˚F. The passive beam
selected must be capable of removing 4,200 BTUH (35
BTUH per square foot) of sensible heat. If an 8 foot long
beam is to be used, it must remove 525 BTUH per lin-
ear foot. According to table 2, a 20 inch wide beam at
1.5 GPM could be used.
31
Passive Beam Selection
Blind Box
0.5 x B
H
0.3 x B B
Figure 27: Passive Beams for Perimeter
Cooling Applications
ACTIVE BEAM SELECTION AND LOCATION
In addition to sensible heat removal and water side
pressure loss effects, active chilled beam selection and
location should also consider acoustical and air side
pressure effects as well as room air distribution per-
formance and its effect on occupant thermal comfort.
TROX DID active chilled beams offer a range of air noz-
zles that afford the designer to tailor the beam selection
to the space cooling and air distribution requirements.
DID300 and DID600U series beams offer three different
nozzle sizes (A, B or C) . Type A nozzles are the small-
est in diameter, create the highest induction ratios and
thus provide the greatest sensible cooling per CFM of
primary air. Their small diameter however also results in
higher air side pressure losses which limit the primary
airflow rates through the beam. These beams are com-
monly used for interior spaces where ventilation rates
are very low compared to the sensible load.
Type C nozzles are the largest in diameter and allow
considerably higher primary airflow rates. Use of type C
nozzles will allow the most sensible cooling per linear
foot of beam of all the nozzles. These beams are most
often used when reasonably high primary airflow rates
are necessary.
Type B nozzles are considerably larger than type A but
still smaller than type C nozzles. Their performance is
thus a compromise between the other two nozzle types.
DID620 series beams offer four nozzle sizes (G, M, Z
and K), but the most predominantly used are the G and
Active Beam Selection and Location

M types. The type G nozzle produces induction ratios
similar to the type C nozzles previously discussed but
with slightly higher pressure drops and noise levels.
Type M nozzles produce induction ratios that are some
15% higher, but at an additional pressure drop and
noise level.
For information on nozzle types Z and K contact TROX
USA. Table 4 below presents a brief performance com-
parison of the various nozzle types.
Chilled water supply and return temperatures
Before an active chilled beam selection can be made, it
is necessary that an appropriate chilled water supply
temperature be identified. TROX USA recommends that
the chilled water supply temperature to active beams be
selected and maintained at or above the space dew
point temperature in order to assure that condensation
does not occur. Return water temperatures will gener-
ally be 3 to 6˚F higher than the supply water tempera-
ture.

Maximum Chilled Secondary Cooling 2 Total Cooling 3

Active Beam Nozzle Induction Primary Airflow ΔPAIR
Water Flow Rate NC
Series Type Ratio 1 CFM/LF inches H2O BTUH/LF BTUH/CFM BTUH/LF BTUH/CFM
(GPM)
5.0 0.19 <15 247 49.4 356 71.2
A 5.3 8.0 0.48 23 360 45.0 534 66.8
11.0 0.91 32 433 39.3 672 61.1
8.0 0.18 <13 316 39.5 490 61.3
DID-302-US B 4.2 13.0 0.47 1.5 26 419 32.2 702 54.0
18.0 0.91 35 504 28.0 896 49.8
13.0 0.22 18 347 26.7 630 48.5
C 3.2 19.0 0.47 28 432 22.7 846 44.5
25.0 0.81 36 505 20.2 1050 42.0
6.0 0.32 <15 454 75.7 585 97.5
A 5.3 8.0 0.57 20 549 68.6 723 90.4
10.0 0.89 25 634 63.4 852 85.2
10.0 0.29 18 543 54.3 761 76.1
DID-602-US B 4.2 14.0 0.58 1.5 27 673 48.1 979 69.9
18.0 0.96 33 787 43.7 1179 65.5
15.0 0.28 22 561 37.4 888 59.2
C 3.3 21.0 0.55 31 695 33.1 1153 54.9
27.0 0.91 38 812 30.1 1400 51.9
6.0 0.32 <15 523 87.1 653 108.9
A 5.3 8.0 0.57 20 638 79.7 812 101.5
10.0 0.89 25 743 74.3 961 96.1
10.0 0.29 18 630 63.0 848 84.8
DID-602-HC B 4.2 14.0 0.58 3.0 27 793 56.6 1098 78.4
18.0 0.96 33 938 52.1 1330 73.9
15.0 0.28 22 653 43.5 980 65.3
C 3.3 21.0 0.55 31 821 39.1 1278 60.9
27.0 0.91 38 970 35.9 1559 57.7
5.0 0.17 <15 292 58.4 401 80.2
M 4.8 8.0 0.45 17 460 57.5 634 79.3
11.0 0.85 25 566 51.4 806 73.2
DID-622-US 1.5
10.0 0.19 <15 417 41.7 635 63.5
G 3.7 16.0 0.49 27 592 37.0 941 58.8
22.0 0.92 36 702 31.9 1182 53.7
4.0 0.17 <15 319 79.7 406 101.5
M 4.8 8.0 0.45 17 511 63.9 685 85.7
12.0 0.85 25 636 53.0 898 74.8
DID-622-HC 3.0
10.0 0.19 <15 461 46.1 679 67.9
G 3.7 16.0 0.49 27 667 41.7 1016 63.5
22.0 0.92 36 802 36.4 1281 58.2

NOTES:
1. Induction ratio is volumetric measure of total supply airflow rate divided by the ducted (primary) airflow rate.
2. Secondary (sensible) cooling is based on a 18˚F temperature differential between the room and the entering chilled water.
3. Total (sensible) cooling is the sum of the secondary cooling (defined in note 2) and the primary air contribution (based on a 20˚F temperature
differential between the room and the entering primary air).
4. Values shown above are based on six (6) foot active beams with two slot (two way) discharge.

Table 4: Nozzle Types and Performance for TROX (2 Slot) Active Chilled Beams

32
 Active Beam Selection and Location
Water flow rate and pressure loss considerations
Water flow velocities in excess of 4 feet per second
should be avoided in order to prevent unwanted noise.
Design water flow rates below 0.25 gallons per minute
are not recommended as laminar flow begins to occur
below this flow rate and coil performance may be re-
duced.
Chilled beams should also be selected such that their
water side head loss does not exceed 10 feet of water.
Air side design considerations
Although active chilled beams remove large amounts
sensible heat from the room air that is circulated
through them, it is very important that the designer does
not treat them as purely an air conditioning device. They
are also an air distribution device and their proper se-
lection and placement is paramount to the maintenance
of thermal comfort within the space. The design of ac-
tive chilled beam systems must not only consider the
sensible cooling (and or heating) capacities of the
beams but also their resultant room air distribution.
Figure 18 can be used to predict local velocities for ac-
tive chilled beams. In order to prevent excessive veloci-
ties in the occupied zone, it is recommended that the
beam discharge airflow rate (primary plus induced room
air) not be greater than 40 CFM per linear foot of slot,
therefore 2 slot beams should not be sized for primary
airflow rates in excess of 80 CFM per linear foot of
beam.
The primary airflow rate to active chilled beams must be
sufficient to maintain proper ventilation of the space7.
The preconditioning of the primary air delivery must also
enable the primary air supply to provide adequate
space dehumidification without assistance from the
cooling coil within the beam. When active beams are
applied in humid climates, designing for a space relative
humidity level near 55% will often result in a more effec-
tive application of the chilled beam system. This is par-
ticularly true when the dew point temperature of the
primary air cannot be suppressed below about 53˚F
(see further discussion see page 13).
Oftentimes, the cooling, ventilation and/or demands for
areas fed by the same air handling unit vary. In such
cases, the designer should attempt to match the inlet
pressure requirements of those beams as closely as
possible in order to reduce the noise that can be gener-
ated by pressure regulating dampers in the ductwork.
This can often be accomplished by selecting nozzle
types that will match the pressure drop to the beam
primary airflow rate.
33
Active beams used for both heating and cooling
Active chilled beams can be used for heating as well as
cooling. This is commonly done in climates where over-
head heating with all air systems is popular.
Heating can be accomplished in either of two ways:
Beams can be fitted to a four pipe system (using the
four pipe performance data) that enables the beam to
access either chilled or hot water according to the
space demand.
A zone heating coil can be provided in the primary air
duct that will add the required zone heating to the pri-
mary air prior to its entry into the beam. A two pipe sys-
tem (delivering chilled water only) will then be sufficient
as the zone chilled water valve will remain closed during
periods demanding space heating.
The latter practice is often employed as it results in far
less piping. With either approach, the discharge air tem-
perature should not be more than 15°F above that of
the room (per ASHRAE recommendations) if adequate
overhead heating performance is to be achieved. This
same recommendation is valid for all air heating as well.
Selecting active beams to do both heating and cooling
of perimeter areas requires a close examination of the
resultant room air velocities. Figure 18 introduces two
velocities (VL2 and VL6) that aid the designer in select-
ing beams for this application.
VL2 represents the velocity measured two (2) inches
from the outside window at the mid-level of the space.
For good heating performance this value should be at
least 50 FPM during the heating mode.
VL6 represents the velocity six (6) inches form the sur-
face, and is used to assess the draft risk during cooling
operation. For minimal draft risk, the VL6 value should
not exceed about 75 FPM.
A good beam selection will conform to both of the rec-
ommendations cited.
Active beams operated in a VAV mode
Although they primarily deliver constant air volume (at a
variable temperature) active beams may be operated in
a VAV mode when space cooling requirements vary
greatly (conference rooms, etc.). In such cases there is
little concern over “dumping” at low discharge velocities
as the cooling coil is off and the discharge air tempera-
ture is only a few degrees below that of the room being
served.
Active Beam Performance Data

Active beam performance data
Performance data for DID600 series, DID620 series,
and DID300 series active chilled beams are presented
in figures 30 through 55. Table 5 may be used as a
reference to that data. Note that this performance data
pertains only to those beams manufactured by TROX
USA and is intended for the sole purpose of selecting
those products. These data may not be applicable to
versions offered by other TROX companies.
TROX USA also offers electronic selection pro-
grams for all of these chilled beams. Contact TROX
USA or your local representative for details.
The cooling capacity nomographs are based on beams
of six (6) foot length supplied by primary air whose dry
bulb temperature is 20˚F cooler than the room being
supplies. The chilled water is supplied at a temperature
which is 18°F above the room air being induced into the
beam. Cooling performance for each nozzle type is
presented. The primary airflow range for each nozzle is
limited to that which results in primary air side pressure
losses below one (1) inch of water and NC levels below
40 (based on 10dB per octave band room attenuation.
The minimum cooling capacities shown are with no
chilled water contribution and represent the sensible
cooling provided by the preconditioned primary air sup-
ply.
Use of these nomographs will facilitate the selection of
a nozzle type as well as identify the cooling capacities
of the beam for various differentials between the room
and entering chilled water temperatures.
Similar nomographs are provided for heating applica-
tions which assume a primary air delivery temperature
that is 20˚F below that of the room and a hot water sup-
ply that is 50°F warmer than the induced room air.
Again the primary air ranges for the various nozzles are
limited by the air side pressure loss (less than 1” H2O.)
and space NC (40) level. In the case of the heating no-
mographs, shaded areas are labeled “Primary Air Cool-
ing” represents the cooling effect of the primary air. The
net sensible heating values shown reflect this primary
air cooling effect.
Both the cooling and heating nomographs include cor-
rection factors for other beam lengths. Corrections
should also be made if the room to primary air tempera-
ture differential varies from that assumed by the nomo-
graphs.
Finally, figure 18 is used to estimate local velocities
associated with the chilled beam selection and place-
ment.
The use of these tables is illustrated in the selection
examples that follow.

Active Beam Type and Discharge Configuration

Performance Parameter DID601 DID602 DID621 DID622 DID301 DID302
(1 Slot) (2 Slot) (1 Slot) (2 Slot) (1 Slot) (2 Slot)

Cooling Performance (2 Pipe Variants)

- Sensible cooling capacities
- Chilled water flow rates Figure 40 Figure 41 Figure 46 Figure 47 Figure 52 Figure 53
- Airside pressure loss data
- Acoustical (NC) data
Cooling Performance (4 Pipe Variants)
- Sensible cooling capacities
- Chilled water flow rates Figure 42 Figure 43 Figure 48 Figure 49 Figure 54 Figure 55
- Airside pressure loss data
- Acoustical (NC) data

Heating Performance (2 Pipe Variants)

- Sensible heating capacities
- Hot water flow rates Figure 44 Figure 45 Figure 50 Figure 51 Figure 56 Figure 57
- Airside pressure loss data
- Acoustical (NC) data

Figures 32 Figures 32 Figures 32 Figures 32

Chilled Water Pressure Loss (2 Pipe Coils) Figure 37 Figure 37
and 34 and 34 and 34 and 34
Figures 33 Figures 33 Figures 33 Figures 33
Chilled Water Pressure Loss (4 Pipe Coils) Figure 38 Figure 38
and 35 and 35 and 35 and 35

Hot Water Pressure Loss (4 Pipe Coils) Figure 36 Figure 36 Figure 36 Figure 36 Figure 39 Figure 39

Table 5: Reference to Active Beam Performance Data

34
 Active Beam Selection Examples
Active beam selection examples
The following examples detail the selection of active
chilled beams for a call center, brokerage trading area
(high sensible load) and a laboratory (high primary air
change rates).
EXAMPLE 3:
Select and locate DID302 series active chilled beams to
condition a large open office area in a call center. The
area considered is 60 feet by 30 feet and houses 22
occupants. The space sensible load (14 BTUH/ft² or a
total of 25,200 BTUH) is comprised as follows:
Occupants: 4.0 BTUH/ ft²
Lighting: 1.5 W/ft² (5 BTUH/ ft²)
Equipment: 1.5 W/ft² (5 BTUH/ft²)
The space should be designed for a 75˚F dry bulb tem-
perature and a maximum relative humidity of 53%
(corresponding to a dew point temperature of 56.8˚Fand
a humidity ratio (W ROOM) of 0.0098 Lbs H2O per Lb DA).
The primary air will be conditioned to a dew point tem-
perature of 51˚F (corresponding to a humidity ratio W PRI-
MARY of 0.0079 Lbs H2O per Lb DA) and delivered at
55˚F. The ceilings are ten (10) feet high. The space NC
shall not exceed 35.
SOLUTION:
As there are 22 occupants, the chilled beams must not
only remove the space sensible gain, but must also
treat the space latent gain (200 BTUH per person or a
total of 5,000 BTUH) and provide proper space ventila-
tion. If a ventilation rate of 15 CFM per person is to be
maintained this amounts to a space ventilation rate of
330 CFM.
DID302-US Active Chilled
Beams, 6 foot Nominal
Length (typical of 6)
10 feet
30 feet
Figure 28: Beam Layout for Example 3
35
In order to satisfy the space latent gain, the required
primary airflow rate would be calculated as:
CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x (W ROOM – W PRIMARY)
= 4,400 / 4840 x (0.0098 – 0.0079)
= 478 CFM
The ratio of the sensible heat gain to the primary airflow
rate is therefore 52.7 (25,200 BTUH/478 CFM). The
chilled water supply temperature will be specified at
57˚F (18˚F below room temperature) in order to main-
tain it above the space dew point temperature. Refer-
ring to table 4, it would appear that a DID302-US beam
with type B nozzles delivering primary air at 13 CFM per
linear foot of beam would be appropriate. Table 4 also
predicts that this selection would provide 702 BTUH of
sensible cooling per linear foot of beam, so the applica-
tion would require 36 linear feet of beam, or six (4) six
(8) foot long beams.
Figure 28 illustrates the desired mounting layout for the
beams. Figure 18 indicates that beams with an oppos-
ing blow will provide very low VH1 velocities when a
spacing of 30 feet is maintained. The air side pressure
loss will be 0.47 inches of H2O and an NC value of 28
are indicated by table 4. Figure 37 predicts a water side
pressure loss of 8.25 feet for a chilled water flow rate of
1.5 GPM.
EXAMPLE 4:
Select and locate DID622 series active chilled beams to
condition a brokerage trading area. The area consid-
ered is 40 feet by 40 feet and houses 16 traders. The
space sensible load (44 BTUH/ft² or a total of 81,600
BTUH) is comprised as follows:
Occupants: 5.0 BTUH/ ft²
Lighting: 1.5 W/ft² (5 BTUH/ ft²)
Equipment: 12 W/ft² (41 BTUH/ft²)
The space should be designed for a 75˚F dry bulb tem-
perature and a maximum relative humidity of 53%
(corresponding to a dew point temperature of 56.8˚F
and a humidity ratio (W ROOM) of 0.0098 Lbs H2O per Lb
DA). The primary air will be conditioned to a dew point
temperature of 51˚F (corresponding to a humidity ratio
W PRIMARY of 0.0079 Lbs H2O per Lb DA) and delivered
at 55˚F. The ceilings are ten (10) feet high. The space
NC shall not exceed 40.
Active Beam Selection Examples

SOLUTION: If, in order to minimize the primary airflow requirement,

the latter selection were preferred, the beam layout
The beams must be selected to remove 70,400 BTUH might be as shown in figure 29 below.
(44 BTUH/FT²) of sensible heat from the space.

The beams‟ primary airflow rate must also be sufficient

to handle the latent gain from the 16 occupants (200
BTUH per person or a total of 3,200 BTUH) and provide
proper ventilation (176 CFM per ASHRAE Standard
62.1-2004) to the space occupants. In order to satisfy
the space latent gain, the required primary airflow rate
would be calculated as:

CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x (W ROOM – W PRIMARY)

= 3,200 / 4840 x (0.0098 – 0.0079)
= 348 CFM

The ideal ratio of the sensible heat gain to the primary

airflow rate would be 202 BTUH/CFM of primary air, but
this is not achievable for any of the beam/nozzle ar-
rangements listed in table 4. The sensible cooling re-
quirement will therefore determine the primary airflow 12 feet 12 feet
rate.

The chilled water supply temperature will be specified at 40 feet

57˚F (18˚F below room temperature) in order to main-
tain it above the space dew point temperature. In order
to minimize the number of beams, DID622-HC beams
(and two pipe –HC coils) will be considered. Figure 47
summarizes the performance of a six (6) foot beam of
this type. If “G” nozzles are to be used, an airflow rate
of 23 BTUH/LF can be employed within the acoustical
constraints defined. This will result in a beam sensible
cooling capacity of about 1,275 BTUH/LF (with its maxi-
mum chilled water flow rate of 2.25 GPM). In this case,
we would require 64 linear feet of beams. If twelve (12)
six foot units were provided, the necessary cooling
(1,133 BTUH/LF) could be accomplished with a primary
airflow rate of 20 CFM/LF and a chilled water flow rate
of 2.25 GPM. This results in a space primary airflow
requirement of 1,440 CFM.
Alternatively, type “M” nozzles could be employed. Fig-
ure 45 indicates that these nozzles (in a six foot beam)
can provide up to 900 BTUH/LF of sensible cooling with
a chilled water flow rate of 2.25 GPM and a primary
airflow rate of 12 CFM/LF and. If these nozzles are cho-
sen, we need 78 linear feet of beams. If twelve (12)
eight foot units (at their maximum chilled water flow rate
of 2.0 GPM) are employed, the cooling requirement
could be satisfied at a primary airflow rate of 11.5 CFM /
LF, or a total primary airflow rate of 1,104 CFM.
In either case the NC level would be within specified
levels, while the air side pressure drop would be ap-
proximately 1.0 inches H2O.
Figure 29: Chilled Beam Layout for
Selection Example 4
Referring to figure 18, the total discharge airflow rate
(CFM/LF of beam) of the selection using “M” nozzles is:
CFMSUPPLY = CFMPRIMARY x Induction Ratio
= 11.5 CFM/LF x 4.8 = 55 CFM/LF
As the beam has 2 slots, this equates to 27.5 CFM per
linear foot of slot. The beam spacing (A) is twelve feet
so A/2 is six feet. Figure 18 indicates that, the velocities
VH1 and VL6 six feet below the ceiling velocity will be
approximately 30 and 58 FPM, respectively. These are
well within the values recommended.
The airside pressure loss is about 0.93 inches H2O and
the NC level (27) is well within the range specified.
EXAMPLE 5:
DID602 series beams are to be used for a biological
laboratory module. The laboratory module is 30 by 20
feet (600 ft²) with ten (10) foot ceilings. The space sen-
sible cooling load is 70 BTUH/ft² while the total space
latent load is 2,000 BTUH. A minimum air change rate
of 8 ACH-1 will be required. The velocity at the six foot
level of the occupied space should not exceed 60 FPM
while that along the wall cannot exceed 100 FPM. The
design conditions within the laboratory are 75˚F/50%
RH (W = 0.0092 LBM H2O per pound dry air, dew point
temperature of 55.2˚F). The NC shall not

36
 Active Beam Selection Examples

exceed 40 nor shall the primary air pressure drop ex- This relates to a chilled water flow rate of 1.0 GPM.
ceed 1.0 inches H2O.
Figure 31 illustrates the proposed beam placement.
The primary air supply is to be delivered at 55˚F with a Referring to figure 18, the total air supply from each
dew point temperature of 52˚F (W = 0.0082 LBM H2O beam will be 666 CFM or 40 CFM per linear foot of slot.
per pound dry air). The beams are to be located directly As A/2 is 8 feet and X is 7 feet, the value of VH1 and
above the work benches in order to capture the most VL6 at the six foot (H - H1 = 4 feet) level will be 56 and
sensible heat. Figure 30 illustrates the bench layout for 86 FPM, respectively.
the lab.
The water side pressure drop for DID602-US and
SOLUTION: DID602-HC can be found in figures 32 and 34, respec-
tively.
As the space dew point temperature is 55.2˚F, a 56˚F
chilled water supply temperature will be used. As the
beams are to be located directly above the benches
where most of the space heat sources reside, the in-
duced air entering the beams will be assumed to be 2°F 8 feet
(typical)
warmer than the room air resulting in a 21˚F tempera-
ture differential between the room air and the entering
chilled water.

The minimum primary air delivery to the space for venti-

lation purposes is 8 ACH-1, or 800 CFM. The amount of Lab
Benches
primary air required to satisfy the space latent load may
be calculated as:

CFMLATENT = qLATENT / 4840 x (W ROOM – W PRIMARY)

= 2,000 / 4840 x (0.0092 – 0.0082)
= 413 CFM

As this is less than the ventilation requirement, the mini-

mum primary airflow delivery will be 800 CFM. Figure 30: Lab Bench Arrangement
for Example 5
The total space sensible load is 42,000 BTUH. Ideally,
the beam selected should provide 52.5 (42,000 / 800)
BTUH of sensible cooling per CFM of primary air. Table
4 indicates that DID602 beams with “C” nozzles can
provide such a ratio. 16 feet
(typical)

The layout of the laboratory would favor the placement

of one or two beams over each bench, so we will con-
DID602-US Active
sider the use of four (8) eight foot beams. Applying the Chilled Beam
correction factors from figure 41 we see that an eight (8 ft. Long, "C" Nozzles)
(typical of 4)
foot beam can provide 25 CFM/LF of primary air while
keeping the air side pressure drop of inches H 2O. The
NC level (39) would also be acceptable. In order to sup-
ply the required air changes (800 CFM), we would need
32 feet of these beams or four (4) eight foot lengths.

As figure 41 is based on an 18°F temperature difference

between the air and chilled water entering the beam, we
must correct the water side sensible cooling according
to the correction factor (1.16) shown in table 6 (page Figure 31: Chilled Beam Arrangement
38) while the primary air contribution (567 BTUH/LF or
17,400 BTUH total) remains the same. The sensible for Example 5
cooling provided the chilled water coil must thus be
24,600 BTUH or 769 BTUH/LF. Applying the correction
factor (1.16) from table 6, we enter figure 41 to deter-
mine the chilled water flow rate that will provide 663
(769/1.16) BTUH/LF of water side sensible cooling or
1,230 (663 + 567) BTUH/LF of total sensible cooling.

37
Nomenclature and Performance Notes

L (X + H1) Beam Spacing (A)

X A/2

ΔT Z
TSUPPLY

H - H1
VH1
VL
ΔT H1
ΔT L
H

6" for Cooling

1 ft.
2" for Heating OCCUPIED ZONE
(as defined by ASHRAE Std. 55-2004)
Occupied Zone Height (H1)

3.3 ft.

Nomenclature
VH1: Local velocity at the top of the occupied zone directly below the point of collision of opposing air streams

TH1: Local temperature at the top of the occupied zone directly below the point of collision of opposing air streams

VL2: Local velocity at the top of the occupied zone measured two (2) inches from an outside wall

TL2: Local temperature at the top of the occupied zone measured two (2) inches from an outside wall

VL6: Local velocity at the top of the occupied zone measured six (6) inches from an outside wall

TL6: Local temperature at the top of the occupied zone measured six (6) inches from an outside wall

A: Centerline distance between two active beams with opposing blows

X: Distance between active beam centerline and an adjacent wall

H: Mounting height of active chilled beam

H1: Height of occupied zone (usually considered 42” for seated occupants, 66 inches for standing occupants)

TINDUCED AIR: Dry bulb temperature of room air entering the chilled beam cooling coil

TCWS: Temperature of the chilled water entering the chilled beam transfer coil (cooling mode)

THWS: Temperature of the hot water entering the chilled beam heat transfer coil (heating mode)

Induction ratio: Ratio of discharge airflow rate (to the room) to primary (ducted) airflow rate

Net sensible heating: Beam water side heating less the cooling effect of the (cooler) primary air

tINDUCED AIR - tCWS 12°F 14°F 16°F 18°F 20°F 22°F tIHWS - tINDUCED AIR 20°F 30°F 40°F 50°F 60°F 70°F
Water Side Sensible
Water Side Heating
Cooling Correction 0.67 0.78 0.89 1.0 1.11 1.22 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
Factor Correction Factor

Table 6: Water Side Correction Factors for Table 7: Water Side Correction Factors for
Various Entering Air to Entering Chilled Water Various Entering Air to Entering Hot Water
Temperature Differentials Temperature Differentials

38
 Water Side Pressure Loss

9.0
10 Foot Nominal Length

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than

Max. GPM = 0.90
Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

8.0

8 Foot Nominal Length

0.25 GPM is Not Recommended

Max. GPM = 1.0
7.0

6.0

5.0
6 Foot Nominal Length
Max. GPM = 1.15
4.0

3.0 4 Foot Nominal Length

Max. GPM = 1.35

2.0

1.0

0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 32: 2 Pipe Standard Capacity Coil Chilled Water Pressure Loss
Models DID601-US-2, DID602-US-2, DID621-US-2 and DID622-US-2

9.0
Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than
Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

10 Foot Nominal Length

8.0 Max. GPM = 1.1
0.25 GPM is Not Recommended

7.0
8 Foot Nominal Length
Max. GPM = 1.2

6.0

5.0
6 Foot Nominal Length
Max. GPM = 1.35
4.0

3.0 4 Foot Nominal Length

Max. GPM = 1.5

2.0

1.0

0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 33: 4 Pipe Standard Capacity Coil Chilled Water Pressure Loss
Models DID601-US-4, DID602-US-4, DID621-US-4 and DID622-US-4

39
Water Side Pressure Loss

10.0

9.0
10 Foot Nominal Length

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than

Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

Max. GPM = 1.85

8.0

8 Foot Nominal Length

0.5 GPM is Not Recommended
Max. GPM = 2.05
7.0

6.0

5.0
6 Foot Nominal Length
Max. GPM = 2.35
4.0

3.0 4 Foot Nominal Length

Max. GPM = 2.75

2.0

1.0

0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00

Figure 34: 2 Pipe High Capacity Coil Chilled Water Pressure Loss
Models DID601-HC-2, DID602-HC-2, DID621-HC-2 and DID622-HC-2

9.0
Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than
Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

10 Foot Nominal Length

8.0 Max. GPM = 2.1
0.5 GPM is Not Recommended

7.0
8 Foot Nominal Length
Max. GPM = 2.3

6.0

5.0

6 Foot Nominal Length

Max. GPM = 2.7
4.0

3.0 4 Foot Nominal Length

Max. GPM = 3.0

2.0

1.0

0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.00

Figure 35: 4 Pipe High Capacity Coil Chilled Water Pressure Loss
Models DID601-HC-4, DID602-HC-4, DID621-HC-4 and DID622-HC-4

40
 Water Side Pressure Loss

6.0

5.5

5.0

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than

4.5
Hot Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

0.25 GPM is Not Recommended

4.0

10 Foot Nominal Length

3.5

3.0

8 Foot Nominal Length

2.5

2.0

1.5
6 Foot Nominal Length

1.0

4 Foot Nominal Length

0.5

0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 36: 4 Pipe (Std. or High Capacity) Hot Water Coils Pressure Loss
Models DID601-US-4, DID602-US-4, DID621-US-4 and DID622-US-4,
DID601-HC-4, DID602-HC-4, DID621-HC-4 and DID622-HC-4

41
Water Side Pressure Loss

9.0

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than

Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

10 Foot Nominal Length

8.0 Max. GPM = 1.3

0.25 GPM is Not Recommended

7.0

8 Foot Nominal Length

Max. GPM = 1.45
6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0
4 Foot Nominal Length
Max. GPM = 1.5

2.0

6 Foot Nominal Length

1.0 Max. GPM = 1.5

0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50

Figure 37: 2 Pipe Standard Capacity Coil Chilled Water Pressure Loss
Models DID301-US-2 and DID302-US-2

9.0
10 Foot Nominal Length
Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than
Chilled Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

Max. GPM = 1.5

8.0
0.25 GPM is Not Recommended

7.0 8 Foot Nominal Length

Max. GPM = 1.5

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

6 Foot Nominal Length

2.0 Max. GPM = 1.35

1.0
4 Foot Nominal Length
Max. GPM = 1.5

0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 38: 4 Pipe Standard Capacity Coil Chilled Water Pressure Loss
Models DID301-US-4 and DID302-US-4

42
 Water Side Pressure Loss

6.0

5.5

5.0

Selection for Design Water Flow Rates Less than

4.5
Hot Water Pressure Drop (FT H2O)

0.25 GPM is Not Recommended

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5
10 Foot Nominal Length

2.0
8 Foot Nominal Length

1.5

1.0

4 Foot Nominal Length

0.5
6 Foot Nominal Length

0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50

Water Flow Rate (GPM)

Figure 39: 4 Pipe Hot Water Coil Pressure Loss

Models DID301-US-4 and DID3022-US-4

43
Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID601

1200
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID601-HC-2 (2
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1120
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
1040 correction factors table below.
GPMCWS
Performance at water flow rates > 1.5
GPM is only achievable with DID601-HC
960 models.

3.0
880
2.5
2.0
GPMCWS

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

800
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

GPMCWS 1.5

3.0 1.0
720
2.5 0.8
2.0
0.6
640 3.0
1.5
2.5

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

1.0 0.4
2.0
560 0.8
0.3
1.5 0.6
480 1.0
0.4 0.2
0.8
0.6 0.3
400
0.4
0.2
0.3
320
0.2

240

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

"C" NOZZLES
160
NC 22 25 30 35 39

0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

80
NC 20 25 30 34
"B" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"1.0"
0
NC 15 20 25
"A" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID601-US-2 or DID601-HC-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.91 Multiply by 0.90

Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-US-2 models) 1.35 1.15 1.0 0.9

Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-HC-2 models) 2.65 2.25 2.0 1.8

Noise Level (NC) -5 No Correction +3 +4

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 32 (DID601-US-2) or Figure 34 (DID601-HC-2)

TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER See Table 6 (page 38)

Figure 40: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID601-US-2 and DID601-HC-2

44
 Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID602

1600
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID602-HC-2 (2
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air GPMCWS
1500
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
1400 correction factors table below.

Performance at water flow rates > 1.5 3.0

GPM is only achievable with DID602-HC
1300 models. 2.5

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

2.0

1200 1.5
GPMCWS
1.0

1100 0.8
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

GPMCWS 3.0
2.5 0.6
1000
2.0

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

0.4
1.5
900 3.0
1.0
0.3
2.5
0.8
2.0
800
1.5 0.6 0.2
1.0
0.4
700

0.8 0.3

600 0.6
0.2
0.4

500 0.3

0.2

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

400

"C" NOZZLES
300
NC 22 25 30 35 39

0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

200
NC 20 25 30 34
"B" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"1.0"
100
NC 15 20 25
"A" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"
0
4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID602-US-2 or DID602-HC-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.91 Multiply by 0.90

Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-US-2 models) 1.35 1.15 1.0 0.9

Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-HC-2 models) 2.65 2.25 2.0 1.8

Noise Level (NC) -5 No Correction +3 +4

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 32 (DID602-US-2) or Figure 34 (DID602-HC-2)

TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER See Table 6 (page 38)

Figure 41: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID602-US-2 and DID602-HC-2

45
Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID601

1200
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID601-HC-4 (4
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1120
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
1040 correction factors table below.
GPMCWS
Performance at water flow rates > 1.5
GPM is only achievable with DID601-HC
960 models.

3.0
880
2.5
GPMCWS
2.0
800
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

GPMCWS

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

3.0
1.5
720 2.5
1.0
2.0
1.5 0.8
640
1.0 0.6
3.0
2.5 0.4

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

560
2.0
0.8 0.3
1.5
480 0.6
1.0
0.2
0.4
0.8
400 0.6 0.3

0.4
0.2
320 0.3

0.2
240

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

"C" NOZZLES
160
NC 22 25 30 35 39

0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

80
NC 20 25 30 34
"B" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"1.0"
0
NC 15 20 25
"A" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID601-US-4 or DID601-HC-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.91 Multiply by 0.90

Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-US-4 models) 1.5 1.35 1.2 1.1

Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-HC-4 models) 3.0 2.65 2.35 2.1

Noise Level (NC) -5 No Correction +3 +4

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 33 (DID601-US-4) or Figure 35 (DID601-HC-4)

TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER See Table 6 (page 38)

Figure 42: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID601-US-4 and DID601-HC-4

46
 Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID602

1600
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID602-HC-4 (4
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1500
and an 18˚F temperature differential
GPMCWS
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
1400 correction factors table below.

Performance at water flow rates > 1.5

GPM is only achievable with DID602-HC
1300 3.0
models.
2.5
2.0

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

1200
GPMCWS
1.5
1100 1.0
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

3.0
GPMCWS 0.8
2.5
1000 0.6
2.0
1.5
900 0.4

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

3.0
0.3
2.5 1.0
800
2.0 0.8 0.2
1.5 0.6
700 1.0
0.4
0.8
0.3
600
0.6
0.2
0.4
500
0.3

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

0.2
400

"C" NOZZLES
300
NC 22 25 30 35 39

0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

200
NC 20 25 30 34
"B" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"1.0"
100
NC 15 20 25
"A" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"
0
4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID602-US-4 or DID602-HC-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.91 Multiply by 0.90

Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-US-4 models) 1.5 1.35 1.2 1.1

Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-HC-4 models) 3.0 2.65 2.35 2.1

Noise Level (NC) -5 No Correction +3 +4

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 33 (DID602-US-4) or Figure 35 (DID602-HC-4)

TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER See Table 6 (page 38)

Figure 43: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID602-US-4 and DID602-HC-4

47
Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID601

1200 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID601-HC-4 (4 pipe) heating

with a 20˚F temperature differential between room and
primary air and a 50˚F temperature differential
between room and entering hot water. For other beam
1100 lengths, see the correction factors table below.

1000

GPMHWS
900
GPMHWS

GPMHWS
1.5
800
1.5
1.0 1.0
1.5
700 0.8 0.8
1.0
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF

0.8 0.6 0.6

600 0.6

NET SENSIBLE HEATING

0.4
0.4 0.4
500
0.3
0.3
0.3

WATER SIDE HEATING

400
0.2 0.2

0.2
300

200

100

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

-100

"A" NOZZLES

-200 25
NC 15 20

0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

-300
NC 20 25 30 34
"B" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"1.0"
-400

NC 22 25 30 35 39
-500 "C" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID601-US-4 or DID601-HC-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet

Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.04 No Correction Multiply by 0.88 Multiply by 0.85

Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-US-4 models) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Max. Recommended GPM (DID601-HC-4 models) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Noise Level (NC) -5 No Correction +3 +4

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15

Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 36

TENTERING HOT WATER - TINDUCED AIR See Table 7 (page 38)

Figure 44: Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID601-US-4 and DID601-HC-4

48
 Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID602

1000 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID602-HC-4 (4

pipe) heating with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
900 and a 50˚F temperature differential
between room and entering hot water.
For other beam lengths, see the
correction factors table below.
800
GPMHWS
GPMHWS
GPMHWS
700
1.5
1.5
1.0 1.0 1.5
600
0.8 0.8
1.0
0.6 0.6
500 0.8
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF

NET SENSIBLE HEATING

0.4
0.6
0.4
400
0.3

0.3 0.4
300 0.2

0.2 0.3
200

WATER SIDE HEATING

100 0.2

-100

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

-200

"A" NOZZLES
-300
NC 15 20 25

0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

-400

-500
NC 20 25 30 34
"B" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9"1.0"
-600

NC 22 25 30 35 39
-700 "C" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID602-US-4 or DID602-HC-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet

Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.04 No Correction Multiply by 0.88 Multiply by 0.85

Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-US-4 models) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Max. Recommended GPM (DID602-HC-4 models) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Noise Level (NC) -5 No Correction +3 +4

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.85 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.15

Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 36

TENTERING HOT WATER - TINDUCED AIR See Table 7 (page 38)

Figure 45: Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID602-US-4 and DID602-HC-4

49
Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID621

1120
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID621-HC-2 (2
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1040
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
960 correction factors table below.

Performance at water flow rates > 1.5 GPMCWS

GPM is only achievable with DID621-HC
880 models.

800
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

3.0
2.5

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

720 2.0

640 GPMCWS 1.5

1.0

560
0.6

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

3.0
2.0
480 0.4
1.5
0.3
1.0
400 0.6
0.2
0.4
0.3
320
0.2

240

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

160

"G" NOZZLES

80
NC 15 20 25 30 35 37

0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

0
NC 15 20 25 27
"M" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID621-US-2 or DID621-HC-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 feet 6 feet 8 feet 10 feet

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.90

Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-US-2 models) 1.35 1.15 1.0 0.9

Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-HC-2 models) 2.65 2.25 2.0 1.8

Noise Level (NC) -5 No Correction +3 +6

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by .98 Multiply by .97

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 32 (DID621-US-2) or 34 (DID621-HC-2)

TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER See Table 6 (page38)

Figure 46: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID621-US-2 and DID621-HC-2

50
 Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID622

1500
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID622-HC-2 (2
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1400
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
1300 correction factors table below.

Performance at water flow rates > 1.5

GPMCWS
GPM is only achievable with DID622-HC
1200 models.

1100
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

3.0

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

2.5
1000 2.0
1.5

900 1.0

GPMCWS
0.6

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

800
0.4

700 3.0
0.3
2.0
1.5 0.2
600
1.0
0.6
500 0.4
0.3

400 0.2

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

300

"G" NOZZLES

200
NC 15 20 25 30 35 37

0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

100
NC 15 20 25 27
"M" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID622-US-2 or DID622-HC-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING
WATER Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 feet 6 feet 8 feet 10 feet

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.90

Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-US-2 models) 1.35 1.15 1.0 0.9

Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-HC-2models) 2.65 2.25 2.0 1.8

Noise Level (NC) -5 No Correction +3 +6

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by .98 Multiply by .97

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 32 (DID622-US-2) or Figure 34 (DID622-HC-2)

TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER See table 6 (page38)

Figure 47: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID622-US-2 and DID622-HC-2

51
Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID621

1120
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID621-HC-4 (4
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1040
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
960 correction factors table below.

Performance at water flow rates > 1.5

GPM is only achievable with DID621-HC
880 models. GPMCWS

800
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

3.0

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

720
2.5

2.0
640
GPMCWS
1.5
560 1.0

0.6

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

480 3.0
0.4
2.0
1.5 0.3
400
1.0
0.2
0.6
320 0.4
0.3
0.2
240

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

160

"G" NOZZLES

80
NC 15 20 25 30 35 37

0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

0
NC 15 20 25 27
"M" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID621-US-4 or DID621-HC-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING
WATER Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 feet 6 feet 8 feet 10 feet

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.90

Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-US-4 models) 1.5 1.35 1.2 1.1

Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-HC-4 models) 3.0 2.65 2.35 2.1

Noise Level (NC) -5 No Correction +3 +6

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by .98 Multiply by .97

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 33 (DID621-US-4) or Figure 35 (DID621-HC-4)

TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER See Table 6 (page 38)

Figure 48: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID621-US-4 and DID621-HC-4

52
 Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID622

1500
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID622-HC-4 (4
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1400
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
1300 correction factors table below.

Performance at water flow rates > 1.5

GPM is only achievable with DID622-HC
1200 models.
GPMCWS

1100
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

3.0
1000
2.5
2.0
900 1.5
1.0
GPMCWS

800 0.6

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

0.4
700 3.0
0.3
2.5

1.5
600 0.2
1.0

500 0.6

400

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

0.4
300
0.2
"G" NOZZLES

200
NC 15 20 25 30 35 37

0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

100
NC 15 20 25 27
"M" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID622-US-4 or DID622-HC-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 feet 6 feet 8 feet 10 feet

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.90

Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-US-4 models) 1.5 1.35 1.2 1.05

Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-HC-4 models) 3.0 2.65 2.3 2.1

Noise Level (NC) -5 No Correction +3 +6

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by .98 Multiply by .97

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 33 (DID622-US-4) or Figure 35 (DID622-HC-4)

TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING HOT WATER See Table 7 (page 38)

Figure 49: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID622-US-4 and DID622-HC-4

53
Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID621

1050 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID621-US-4 or

DID621-HC-4 (4 pipe) heating with a 20˚F
temperature differential between room
and primary air and an 50˚F temperature
950 differential between room and entering
hot water. For other beam lengths, see
the correction factors table below.
850

GPMHWS

750
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF

GPMHWS
650 1.5

1.0
550

NET SENSIBLE HEATING

1.5
0.6
1.0
450
0.6
0.4

WATERSIDE HEATING
350

0.4 0.3

250 0.3

0.2
0.2
150

50

-50

PRIMARY AIR
COOLING
-150 NC 15 20 25 27

0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

-250
"M" NOZZLES
"G" NOZZLES

NC 15 20 25 30 35 37

0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID621-US-4 or DID621-HC-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet

Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.96 Multiply by 0.92

Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-US-4 models) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Max. Recommended GPM (DID621-HC-4 models) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Noise Level (NC) -5 No Correction +3 +6

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.97

Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 36

TENTERING HOT WATER - TINDUCED AIR See table 7 (page 38)

Figure 50: Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID621-US-4 and DID621-HC-4

54
 Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID622

Chart is based on 6 ft. DID622-US-4 or

1000 DID622-HC-4 (4 pipe) heating with a 20˚F
temperature differential between room
and primary air and an 50˚F temperature
900 differential between room and entering GPMHWS
hot water. For other beam lengths, see
the correction factors table below.

800

GPMHWS
1.5
700
1.0
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF

0.8
600
1.5

NET SENSIBLE HEATING

0.6
500 1.0
0.8

0.6 0.4
400

0.4

WATER SIDE HEATING

300
0.3
0.3

200 0.2

0.2
100

-100

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

-200

-300 NC 15 20 25 27

0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

-400
"M" NOZZLES

-500
NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
"G" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID622-US-4 or DID622-HC-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet

Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.96 Multiply by 0.92

Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-US-4 models) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Max. Recommended GPM (DID622-HC-4 models) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Noise Level (NC) -5 No Correction +3 +6

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.97

Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 36

TENTERING HOT WATER - TINDUCED AIR See Table 7 (page 38)

Figure 51: Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID622-US-4 and DID622-HC-4

55
Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID301

750
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID301-US-2 (2
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
700
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
650 correction factors table below.

600

GPMCWS

550

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

500 1.5
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

GPMCWS
1.0

450
0.8
0.6
400 1.5
0.4
1.0
GPMCWS 0.3

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

0.8
350 0.2

300
1.5 0.6
1.0 0.4
250 0.8 0.3

0.6 0.2

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

200
0.4
0.3
150 0.2
"C" NOZZLES

NC 20 25 30 35 39
100
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

50 NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
"B" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

NC 15 20 25 30 33
0
"A" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 150.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID301-US-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.97 Multiply by 0.95

Max. Recommended GPM (DID301-US-2 models) 1.5 1.5 1.45 1.35

Noise Level (NC) -1 No Correction +1 +2

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.74 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.07

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 37

TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER See Table 6 (page 38)

Figure 52: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID301-US-2

56
 Cooling Performance (2-Pipe) DID302

1500
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID302-US-2 (2
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1400
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
1300 correction factors table below.
GPMCWS

1200

1.5

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

1100
1.0

1000 0.8
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

0.6
GPMCWS
900 0.4

0.3
1.5
800 1.0 0.2

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

GPMCWS

700
0.8
0.6
600 1.5 0.4
1.0 0.3

0.8 0.2
500
0.6
0.4

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

400 0.3
0.2

300 "C" NOZZLES

NC 20 25 30 35 39
200
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

100 NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
"B" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

NC 15 20 25 30 33
0
"A" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID302-US-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.97 Multiply by 0.95

Max. Recommended GPM (DID302-US-2 models) 1.35 1.15 1.0 0.9

Noise Level (NC) -1 No Correction +1 +2

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.74 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.07

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 37

TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER See table 6 (page 38)

Figure 53: Cooling (2 Pipe) Performance, DID302-US-2

57
Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID301

750
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID301-US-4 (4
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
700
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
650 correction factors table below.

600

550

GPMCWS

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

500
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

450

GPMCWS 1.5
400 1.0

0.5
350 0.3

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

1.5
GPMCWS
300
1.0

0.5
250 0.3
1.5
1.0

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

200
0.5
0.3
150 "C" NOZZLES

NC 20 25 30 35 39
100
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

50 NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
"B" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

NC 15 20 25 30 33
0
"A" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID301-US-4 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.97 Multiply by 0.95

Max. Recommended GPM (DID301-US-4 models) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Noise Level (NC) -1 No Correction +1 +2

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.74 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.07

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 38

TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER See Table 6 (page 38)

Figure 54: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID301-US-4

58
 Cooling Performance (4-Pipe) DID302

1500
Chart is based on 6 ft. DID302-US-4 (4
pipe) cooling with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
1400
and an 18˚F temperature differential
between room and entering chilled water.
For other beam lengths, see the
1300 correction factors table below.

1200

GPMCWS
1100

SECONDARY (WATER) COOLING

1000
Sensible Cooling Capacity, BTUH/LF

1.5
1.0
900
GPMCWS
0.8
0.6
800
1.5 0.4
1.0 0.3

700 GPMCWS 0.8 0.2

TOTAL SENSIBLE COOLING

600
0.6
1.5
0.4
500 1.0
0.3
0.8
0.2

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

400 0.6
0.4

300 0.2
"C" NOZZLES

NC 20 25 30 35 39
200
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

100 NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
"B" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

NC 15 20 25 30 33
0
"A" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID302-US-2 Lengths & T INDUCED AIR - TENTERING WATER
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet

Sensible Cooling (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.97 Multiply by 0.95

Max. Recommended GPM (DID302-US-2 models) 1.5 1.5 1.45 1.3

Noise Level (NC) -1 No Correction +1 +2

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 0.74 No Correction Multiply by 1.03 Multiply by 1.07

Chilled Water Pressure Loss See Figure 38

TINDUCED AIR - TENTERING CHILLED WATER See Table 6 (page 38)

Figure 55: Cooling (4 Pipe) Performance, DID302-US-4

59
Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID301

450 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID301-US-4 (4

pipe) heating with a 20˚F temperature
differential between room and primary air
and an 50˚F temperature differential
400 between room and entering hot water.
For other beam lengths, see the GPMHWS
correction factors table below.
350

GPMHWS

300 1.5
GPMHWS
1.0
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF

250
1.5
1.0
0.8 1.5
200 0.8
1.0

NET SENSIBLE HEATING

0.5
0.8
0.5
150
0.5
0.3 0.3

100

WATERSIDE HEATING
0.3

50

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

-50

-150

-200 NC 15 20 25 30 33
"A" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

-250
NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
"B" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

NC 25 30 35 39
"C" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID301-US-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet

Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.96 Multiply by 0.92

Max. Recommended GPM (DID301-US-4 models) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Noise Level (NC) -1 No Correction +1 +2

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.97

Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 39

TENTERING HOT WATER - TINDUCED AIR See table 7 (page 38)

Figure 56: Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID301-US-4

60
 Heating Performance (4-Pipe) DID302

700 Chart is based on 6 ft. DID302-US-4 (4 pipe) heating with

a 20˚F temperature differential between room and primary
air and an 50˚F temperature differential between room and
entering hot water. For other beam lengths, see the
600 correction factors table below.

GPMHWS GPMHWS
500 GPMHWS

1.5 1.5
400 1.0
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.6
Net Sensible Heating Capacity, BTUH/LF

0.6 1.5

NET SENSIBLE HEATING

300 0.4 1.0
0.4
0.8
200 0.6

0.4
100

WATERSIDE HEATING
-100

PRIMARY AIR COOLING

-200

-300

-400

-500 NC 15 20 25 30 33
"A" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.3" 0.4" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

-600
NC 15 20 25 30 35 37
"B" NOZZLES
0.2" 0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.8" 1.0"

NC 25 30 35 39
"C" NOZZLES
0.3" 0.4" 0.5" 0.6" 0.7" 0.8" 0.9" 1.0"

4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0

Primary Airflow Rate, CFM/LF

Corrections for Other DID302-US-4 Lengths & T ENTERING WATER - TINDUCED AIR
Beam Length (Nominal Length in Feet)
Performance Parameter
4 Feet 6 Feet 8 Feet 10 Feet

Water Side Heating (BTUH/LF) Multiply by 1.03 No Correction Multiply by 0.96 Multiply by 0.92

Max. Recommended GPM (DID302-US-4 models) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

Noise Level (NC) -1 No Correction +1 +2

Primary Air Pressure Drop Multiply by 1.02 No Correction Multiply by 0.98 Multiply by 0.97

Hot Water Pressure Loss See Figure 39

TENTERING HOT WATER - TINDUCED AIR See Table 7 (page 38)

Figure 57: Heating (4 Pipe) Performance, DID302-US-4

61
Specification DID600
DID600 Series Active Chilled Beams
PART 1- GENERAL
1.01 Summary
This section describes the active chilled
beams.
1.02 Submittals
Submit product data for all items complete with the
following information:
1. Operating weights and dimensions of all unit
assemblies.
2. Performance data, including sensible and latent
cooling capacities, nozzle types, primary and total
supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates,
chilled (and where applicable hot) water flow
rates, noise levels in octave bands, air and water
side pressure losses and maximum discharge air
throw values.
3. Construction details including manufacturers
recommendations for installation, mounting and
connection.
PART 2- PRODUCTS
2.01 General
Materials and products required for the work of this
section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials
identified by the engineer or owner.
Approved Manufacturers:
These specifications set forth the minimum
requirements for the active chilled beams to be
accepted for this project. Products provided by the
following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable
provided they meet all of the construction and
performance requirements of this specification:
1. TROX
2.02 Design
1. Furnish and install TROX DID601 and/or DID602
series active chilled beams of sizes and
capacities as indicated on the drawings and
within the mechanical equipment schedules. The
quantity and length of the beams shall be as
shown on the drawings, without EXCEPTION.
The beams shall be constructed and delivered to
the job site as single units.
2. The face of the beam shall consist of a room air
induction section of 50% free area perforated
62
steel flanked by two linear supply slots. The
entire visible face section shall be finished in
white powder coat paint or as specified by the
architect. All visible internal surfaces shall be flat
black. The face of the beam shall be hinged for
easy access to internal components.
3. Beams shall be provided with side and end
details which will allow its integration into the
applicable (nominal 24 inch wide) acoustical
ceiling grid as specified by the architect. Beams
used for exposed mounting applications shall
include factory mounted Coanda plates to assure
a horizontal discharge of the supply air.
4. The beams shall consist of a minimum 20 gauge
galvanized steel housing encasing the integral
sensible cooling coil and a plenum feeding a
series of induction nozzles. A side or end
mounted connection spigot shall afford the
connection of a primary air supply duct (4”
nominal diameter for all one way beams and 2
way beams through six feet in length, 5” nominal
diameter for 2 way beams longer than six feet)
The overall height of the beams shall not exceed
9¾ inches.
5. Beams shall incorporate provisions for
measurement of their primary airflow rate. The
measurement location must be accessible from
the face of the beam and require a single
pressure differential measurement. Airflow
calibration charts that relate the measurement to
the primary airflow rate shall be furnished with the
beams.
6. (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished with
a separate volume flow limiter for mounting in the
primary air duct by the installing contractor. This
device shall allow field adjustment of a maximum
primary air flow rate that is maintained
independent of any static pressure changes in
the inlet ductwork. The volume flow limiter shall
add no more than 0.20 inches H2O pressure drop
to the primary air delivery system and shall not
require any control or power connections.
7. Beams shall be provided with connections for
either 2 or 4 pipe operation as indicated on plans
and schedules. Four pipe configurations shall
require separate supply and return connections
for chilled and hot water. The coils shall be
mounted horizontally and shall be manufactured
with seamless copper tubing (½” outside
diameter) with minimum .025 inch wall thickness
mechanically fixed to aluminum fins. The
aluminum fins shall be limited to no more than ten
(10) fins per inch. The beam shall have a working
pressure of at least 300 PSI, be factory tested for
leakage at a minimum pressure of 360 PSI. Each
chilled beam shall be provided with factory
integrated drain fittings. Each chilled beam shall
be provided with factory integrated
 Specification DID600

vent and drain fittings. Unless otherwise
specified, coil connections shall be bare copper
for field sweating to the water supply circuit.
Connections shall face upwards, be located near
the left end of the beam (when viewing into the
primary air connection
8. (OPTIONAL) The chilled water coil shall be
provided with NPT male threaded fittings where
specified. These fittings must be suitable for field
connection to a similar NPT female flexible hose
spigot and shall be at least 1½” long to facilitate
field connection (by others).
9. Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and
capped to prevent ingress of dirt.
2.03 Performance
1. All performance shall be in compliance with that
shown on the equipment schedule. Acoustical
testing shall have been performed in accordance
with ISO 3741.
2. Coils shall be rated in accordance with ARI
Standard 410, but their cooling and heating
capacities shall be established in accordance to
European Standard EN15116 for the specific
application on the inlet side of the submitted
chilled beam. Evidence of this testing must be
included in the submittal.
3. Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply
(primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess of
80 CFM per linear foot of (two slot) beam.
4. Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be
limited to that which results in a maximum ten
(10) foot head loss. Water flow velocities through
the beam shall not exceed 4 FPS.
lowered into the grid module by adjusting the nuts
connecting the threaded rods to the beam.
3. Before connecting the supply water system(s) to
the beams, contractor shall flush the piping
system(s) to assure that all debris and other
matter have been removed.
4. Contractor shall perform connection of beams to
the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard
connection using sweated connection or
connection using flexible hoses.
5. Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by
others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses
shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and
suitable for operation with a bend radius as small
as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100%
tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI.
Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined
hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall
be suitable for operation in an environment
between -40 and 200˚F, rated for a least 300 PSI
and tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of
360 PSI. Contractor shall assure that the chilled
water supplying the beams has been properly
treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG
2/93.
6. No power or direct control connections shall be
required for the operation of the chilled beam.
3.03 Cleaning and Protection
1. Protect units before, during and after installation.
Damaged material due to improper site protection
shall be cause for rejection.
2. Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as
required to restore beams to as-new appearance.

PART 3- EXECUTION

3.02 Installation

1. Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of the

beams to their proper location.
2. (RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION
PROCEDURE) Chilled beams up to six feet in
length shall be independently suspended from
the structure above by a four (4) threaded rods of
⅜” diameter (provided by the installing
contractor). For beams beyond six feet in length,
six (6) threaded rods of ⅜” diameter. The upper
end of the rods shall be suspended from strut
channels that are a) mounted perpendicular to
the beam length and b) at least four inches wider
than the beam to facilitate relocation of the
threaded rods along their length. The rods shall
be fixed to factory mounting brackets on the
beam that allow repositioning (at least four
inches) along its length. The beam shall then be
positioned above the acoustical ceiling grid and

63
Specification DID620
DID620 Series Active Chilled Beams
PART 1- GENERAL
1.01 Summary
This section describes the active chilled
beams.
1.02 Submittals
Submit product data for all items complete with the
following information:
1. Operating weights and dimensions of all unit
assemblies.
2. Performance data, including sensible and latent
cooling capacities, nozzle types, primary and total
supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates,
chilled (and where applicable hot) water flow
rates, noise levels in octave bands, air and water
side pressure losses and maximum discharge air
throw values.
3. Construction details including manufacturers
recommendations for installation, mounting and
connection.
PART 2- PRODUCTS
2.01 General
Materials and products required for the work of this
section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials
identified by the engineer or owner.
Approved Manufacturers:
These specifications set forth the minimum
requirements for the active chilled beams to be
accepted for this project. Products provided by the
following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable
provided they meet all of the construction and
performance requirements of this specification:
1. TROX
2.02 Design
1. Furnish and install TROX DID621 (1 slot) and/or
DID622 (2 slot) series single slot active chilled
beams of sizes and capacities as indicated on the
drawings and within the mechanical equipment
schedules. The quantity and length of the beams
shall be as shown on the drawings, without
EXCEPTION. The beams shall be constructed
and delivered to the job site as single units.
2. The face of the beam shall consist of a room air
induction section of 50% free area perforated
steel flanked by two linear supply slots. The
64
entire visible face section shall be finished in
white powder coat paint or as specified by the
architect. All visible internal surfaces shall be flat
black.
3. Beams shall be provided with side and end
details which will allow its integration into the
applicable (nominal 24 inch wide) acoustical
ceiling grid as specified by the architect. Beams
used for exposed mounting applications shall
include factory mounted Coanda plates to assure
a horizontal discharge of the supply air.
4. The beams shall consist of a minimum 20 gauge
galvanized steel housing encasing the integral
sensible cooling coil and a plenum feeing a series
of induction nozzles. A side (model 622-US-H) or
top (model 622-US-V) mounted connection spigot
shall afford the connection of a six (6) inch
diameter supply air. The overall height of beams
shall not exceed 8⅞ inches.
5. Each beam shall be provided with a pressure tap
that may be used to measure the pressure
differential between the primary air plenum and
the room. Airflow calibration charts that relate this
pressure differential reading with the primary and
beam supply airflow rates shall be furnished with
the beams.
6. (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished with
a separate volume flow limiter for mounting in the
primary air duct by the installing contractor. This
device shall allow field adjustment of a maximum
primary air flow rate that is maintained
independent of any static pressure changes in
the inlet ductwork. The volume flow limiter shall
add no more than 0.20 inches H2O pressure drop
to the primary air delivery system and shall not
require any control or power connections.
7. Beams shall be provided with connections for
either 2 or 4 pipe operation as indicated on plans
and schedules. Four pipe configurations shall
require separate supply and return connections
for chilled and hot water. The coils shall be
mounted horizontally and shall be manufactured
with seamless copper tubing (½” outside
diameter) with minimum .025 inch wall thickness
mechanically fixed to aluminum fins. The
aluminum fins shall be limited to no more than ten
(10) fins per inch. The beam shall have a working
pressure of at least 300 PSI, be factory tested for
leakage at a minimum pressure of 360 PSI. Each
chilled beam shall be provided with factory
integrated vent and drain fittings. Unless
otherwise specified, coil connections shall be
bare copper for field sweating to the water supply
circuit. Connections shall face upwards, be
located near the left end of the beam (when
viewing into the primary air connection
 Specification DID620

8. (OPTIONAL) The chilled water coil shall be
provided with NPT male threaded fittings where
specified. These fittings must be suitable for field
connection to a similar NPT female flexible hose
spigot and shall be at least 1½” long to facilitate
field connection (by others).
9. Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and
capped to prevent ingress of dirt
2.03 Performance
1. All performance shall be in compliance with that
shown on the equipment schedule. Acoustical
testing shall have been performed in accordance
with ISO 3741.
2. Coils shall be rated in accordance with ARI
Standard 410, but their cooling and heating
capacities shall be established in accordance to
European Standard EN15116 for the specific
application on the inlet side of the submitted
chilled beam. Evidence of this testing must be
included in the submittal.
3.
4. Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply
(primary plus induced) airflow rates in excess of
80 CFM per linear foot of beam.
5. Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be
limited to that which results in a maximum ten
(10) foot head loss. Water flow velocities through
the beam shall not exceed 4 FPS.
4. Contractor shall perform connection of beams to
the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard
connection using sweated connection or
connection using flexible hoses.
5. Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by
others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses
shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and
suitable for operation with a bend radius as small
as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100%
tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI.
Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined
hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall
be suitable for operation in an environment
between -40 and 200˚F, rated for a least 300 PSI
and tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of
360 PSI. Contractor shall assure that the chilled
water supplying the beams has been properly
treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG
2/93.
6. No power or direct control connections shall be
required for the operation of the chilled beam.
3.03 Cleaning and Protection
1. Protect units before, during and after installation.
Damaged material due to improper site protection
shall be cause for rejection.
2. Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as
required to restore beams to as-new appearance.

PART 3- EXECUTION

3.02 Installation

1. Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of the

beams to their proper location.
2. (RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION
PROCEDURE) Chilled beams up to six feet in
length shall be independently suspended from
the structure above by a four (4) threaded rods of
⅜” diameter (provided by the installing
contractor). For beams beyond six feet in length,
six (6) threaded rods of ⅜” diameter. The upper
end of the rods shall be suspended from strut
channels that are a) mounted perpendicular to
the beam length and b) at least four inches wider
than the beam to facilitate relocation of the
threaded rods along their length. The rods shall
be fixed to factory mounting slots on the beam
that allow repositioning (at least four inches)
along its length. The beam shall then be
positioned above the acoustical ceiling grid and
lowered into the grid module by adjusting the nuts
connecting the threaded rods to the beam.
3. Before connecting the supply water system(s) to
the beams, contractor shall flush the piping
system(s) to assure that all debris and other
matter have been removed.

65
Specification DID300
DID300 Series Active Chilled Beams
PART 1- GENERAL
1.01 Summary
This section describes the active chilled beams.
1.02 Submittals
Submit product data for all items complete with the
following information:
1. Operating weights and dimensions of all unit
assemblies.
2. Performance data, including sensible and latent
cooling capacities, nozzle types, primary and total
supply (primary plus induced) airflow rates,
chilled (and where applicable hot) water flow
rates, noise levels in octave bands, air and water
side pressure losses and maximum discharge air
throw values.
3. Construction details including manufacturers
recommendations for installation, mounting and
connection.
PART 2- PRODUCTS
2.01 General
Materials and products required for the work of this
section shall not contain asbestos, polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCB) or other hazardous materials
identified by the engineer or owner.
Approved Manufacturers:
These specifications set forth the minimum
requirements for the active chilled beams to be
accepted for this project. Products provided by the
following manufacturers will be deemed acceptable
provided they meet all of the construction and
performance requirements of this specification:
1. TROX
2.02 Design
1. Furnish and install TROX DID301 (single slot)
and/or DID302 (two slot) series active chilled
beams of sizes and capacities as indicated on the
drawings and within the mechanical equipment
schedules. The quantity and length of the beams
shall be as shown on the drawings, without
EXCEPTION. The beams shall be constructed
and delivered to the job site as single units.
2. The face of the beam shall consist of a room air
induction section of 50% free area perforated
66
steel flanked by two linear supply slots (or an
OPTIONAL linear bar grille with a 70% free area
face). The entire visible face section shall be
finished in white powder coat paint or as specified
by the architect. All visible internal surfaces shall
be flat black.
3. Beams shall be provided with side and end
details which will allow its integration into the
applicable (nominal 12 inch wide) acoustical
ceiling grid as specified by the architect. Beams
used for exposed mounting applications shall
include factory mounted “Coanda” plates to
assure a horizontal discharge of the supply air.
4. The beams shall consist of a minimum 20 gauge
galvanized steel housing encasing the integral
sensible cooling coil and a plenum feeing a series
of induction nozzles. A side entry primary air duct
connection shall be provided with a nominal five
(5) or six (6) inch round spigot. The overall height
of the beams shall not exceed 9½”
5. Beams shall incorporate provisions for
measurement of their primary airflow rate. The
measurement location must be accessible from
the face of the beam and require a single
pressure differential measurement. Airflow
calibration charts that relate the measurement to
the primary airflow rate shall be furnished with the
beams.
6. (OPTIONAL) Each beam shall be furnished with
a separate volume flow limiter for mounting in the
primary air duct by the installing contractor. This
device shall allow field adjustment of a maximum
primary air flow rate that is maintained
independent of any static pressure changes in
the inlet ductwork. The volume flow limiter shall
add no more than 0.20 inches H2O pressure drop
to the primary air delivery system and shall not
require any control or power connections.
7. When furnished in a 2 pipe configuration, the
assembly shall contain two (2) separate chilled
water coils with single supply and return
connections. Four pipe connections shall require
separate connections for their chilled and hot
water supply. The coils shall be mounted
vertically and (non-piped) condensate trays shall
be furnished directly beneath them. The coils
shall be manufactured with seamless copper
tubing (½” outside diameter) with minimum .025
inch wall thickness mechanically fixed to
aluminum fins. The aluminum fins shall be limited
to no more than ten (10) fins per inch. The beam
shall have a working pressure of at least 300 PSI,
be factory tested for leakage at a minimum
pressure of 360 PSI. Each chilled beam shall be
provided with factory integrated vent and drain
fittings. Unless otherwise specified, coil
connections shall be ½” O.D. bare
 Specification DID300

copper for field sweating to the water supply circuit.
Connections to 2 pipe coils shall extend from left end
of the beam (when viewing into the primary air con-
nection spigot) and shall be at least 1½” long to facili-
tate field connection (by others).
8. (OPTIONAL) The chilled water coil shall be pro-
vided with NPT male threaded fittings where
specified. These fittings must be suitable for field
connection to a similar NPT female flexible hose.
9. Beams shall be delivered clean, flushed and
capped to prevent ingress of dirt.
2.03 Performance
All performance shall be in compliance with that
shown on the equipment schedule. Acoustical testing
shall have been performed in accordance with ISO
3741.
Coils shall be rated in accordance with ARI Standard
410, but their cooling and heating capacities shall be
established in accordance to European Standard
EN15116 for the specific application on the inlet side
of the submitted chilled beam. Evidence of this testing
must be included in the submittal.
3. Before connecting the supply water system(s) to
the beams, contractor shall flush the piping sys-
tem(s) to assure that all debris and other matter
have been removed.
4. Contractor shall perform connection of beams to
the chilled water circuit by method specified (hard
connection using sweated connection or connec-
tion using flexible hoses.
5. Flexible connector hoses shall be furnished by
others (optionally by the manufacturer). Hoses
shall be twenty four (24) inches in length and
suitable for operation with a bend radius as small
as five (5) inches. Such hoses shall be 100%
tested and certified for no leakage at 500 PSI.
Connector hoses shall consist of a PFTE lined
hose with a wire braided jacket. The hoses shall
be suitable for operation in an environment be-
tween -40 and 200˚F, rated for a least 300 PSI
and tested for leakage at a minimum pressure of
360 PSI. Contractor shall assure that the chilled
water supplying the beams has been properly
treated in accordance to BSRIA publication AG
2/93.
6. No power or direct control connections shall be
required for the operation of the chilled beam.

Primary airflow rates shall not result in supply (primary
plus induced) airflow rates in excess of 40 CFM per
linear foot of beam.
Chilled water flow rates to the beams shall be limited
to that which results in a maximum ten (10) foot head
loss. Water flow velocities through the beam shall not
exceed 4 FPS.
3.03 Cleaning and Protection
Protect units before, during and after installation.
Damaged material due to improper site protection
shall be cause for rejection.
Clean equipment, repair damaged finishes as re-
quired to restore beams to as-new appearance.

PART 3- EXECUTION

3.02 Installation

1. Coordinate the size, tagging and capacity of the

beams to their proper location.
2. (RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION PROCE-
DURE) Chilled beams up to six feet in length
shall be independently suspended from the struc-
ture above by a four (4) threaded rods of ⅜” di-
ameter (provided by the installing contractor). For
beams beyond six feet in length, six (6) threaded
rods of ⅜” diameter. The upper end of the rods
shall be suspended from strut channels that are
a) mounted perpendicular to the beam length and
b) at least four inches wider than the beam to
facilitate relocation of the threaded rods along
their length. The rods shall be fixed to factory
mounting brackets on the beam that allow reposi-
tioning (at least four inches) along its length. The
beam shall then be positioned above the acousti-
cal ceiling grid and lowered into the grid module
by adjusting the nuts connecting the threaded
rods to the beam.

67
 In North America Head Office & Research Centers
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E-mail: trox@troxtechnik.de
Telephone: (770) 569-1433
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68
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