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APL 102
Lecture 12
Recap
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Ionic Solids (Next lab)
Local coordination-------- Long range arrangement------- Ionic crystal
Ligancy - function of Radius Ratio RRCa Overall electrical neutrality-net charge be zero
Mixed nature of bonding (ZnS)
Materials: engineering, science, processing and design, 2nd edition Copyright (c)2010 Michael Ashby, Hugh Shercliff, David Cebon
Polymer Bonding
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Materials: engineering, science, processing and design, 2nd edition Copyright (c)2010 Michael Ashby, Hugh Shercliff, David Cebon
Polymer microstructure
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smaller Mw larger Mw
Tensile strength (TS) and E often increases with Mw and % crystallinity ---- Why?
secondary
bonding
Network polymers
Plastics: chains are placed in zig-zag manner, the bond along the chain is
strong covalent bond while the bond between the chain is weak Vander Random orientation of
Wall type long chain molecules
Fibres: chains of different lengths are aligned parallel to one and other,
the bond along the chain is strong covalent while the bond between the Alignment of chains
chain is weak hydrogen type.
Very strong and stiff along the axis of fibers.
Elastomers: Long chain polymers with few cross links across the chains. Long chain molecules
Importantly the cross links are of primary bond between chains. Chains with rubbery
have translation mobility at RT. behaviour
Examples of Long Chain Polymers
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Plastics
Structure of Long Chain Polymers
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Degree of Polymerization:
No. of repeating monomers in a chain
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On the basis of monomer unit other plastics
can be described
R1 R2
R3 R4
Monomer Unit
Yes, they get bonded in random sequence along the chain length producing copolymers
Thermoplastics
Thermosets
Thermoplastics
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Thermoplastics:
Thermosets:
They have many cross-links, making them stiffer and stronger than
thermoplastics
T
Thermoplastics: Callister,
viscous rubber
-- little cross linking Fig. 16.9
mobile liquid Tm
-- ductile liquid tough
-- soften w/heating and harden on cooling plastic
Tg
-- polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP)
polycarbonate, PVC, PMMA, polystyrene partially
crystalline
crystalline
Thermosets: solid
solid
-- large cross linking (10 to 50 % of mers)
-- hard and brittle Molecular weight
-- do NOT soften w/heating
-- vulcanized rubber, epoxies, bakelite (switches)
polyester resin, phenolic resin
(F.W. Billmeyer, Jr., Textbook of Polymer Science, 3rd ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1984.)
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Question for thought?
Which one of these two behave more like a thermoplastic??