NOTE: Stockholm coordinates:

 The latitude φ = 59°21’12’’ N

 The longitude Ψloc = 18°3’53’’ E

Q4. Hydropower (17 points)

A hydropower plant is planned to be built using an old dam already in place and
constructed for irrigation purposes. A 2m diameter concrete pipeline could be used
as a penstock. The length of the penstock is 1100 m. the friction losses are 5% of the
gross head. The gross head is 900 m.

You are involved in a feasibility study as a consultant to establish an operation plan

for the plant. For the project to be feasible the payback time should be less than 20
years. It is your task to evaluate if this will be the case.

Assumptions:
• The electrical generator efficiency is 95%
• The plant operates 8760 h/year
• Parasitic losses are 1%
• Transmission losses are 1%
• Downtime losses are 4%
• A gas turbine using natural gas has a CO2 emission factor of 56 kg/GJ of fuel
and an electrical efficiency of 40%
• The price of electricity is 0.3210 USD/kWh
• The capital cost of the turbine is COST=3×106×P0.71×(H/0.3048)0.42 where P is
the net power output (MW) and H is the net head (in meters)
• The capital cost of the plant is twice the capital cost of the turbine
• The operational and maintenance cost of the plant is Cop = 2.4×104×P0.8
where P is the net power output (MW)

Calculate the following.

a) What is the design flow of the hydropower scheme (m3/s) (2 points)
b) What is the net head of hydropower scheme (m) (1 point)
c) What is the efficiency of the hydropower turbine (%) (3 points)
d) What is the hydropower plant power output at design condition (MW) (2 points)
e) What is the annual energy production (MWh/y) (2 points)
f) What would be the annual revenue of the power plant in USD (2 points)
g) What is the payback time (years) (2 points)
h) What is the amount (annual) of CO2 emissions avoided by using the
hydropower instead of fossil fuel plant
i) What is your conclusion, is the project feasible? (1 point)