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Ground Improvement Lime PDF
Ground Improvement Lime PDF
NPTEL Course
GROUND IMPROVEMENT
GROUND TREATMENT
WITH LIME
Expansive Soils
At the start After Wetting After Drying After 1 cycle of wetting and
drying
10
20%
5
WETTING
∆V/V (%)
6%
0
DRYING
-5
80
70
60
UCS,psi
50
40
30
20
25
WETTING
15 40%
5
∆V/V(%)
15%
-5
DRYING
-15
-25
-35
Additive Type: Lime
Additive amount: 6%
-45
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Number of Cycles
30
25
UCS, psi
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Number of cycles
h1 =qcolH/Mcol
qcol = the average axial stress in the column
H = column length
Total Settlement
Case 2:
Results from the plate load tests (Broms and Boman 1979)
indicate that the compression modulus (Mcol) for short term
loading is about 300qu,col.
Due to consolidation, the value decreases with time to
approx. half the initial value. qu,col is the ultimate unit
strength of the columns.
Compression modulus of the enclosed unstabilized soil:
Overconsolidated soil: approx. Msoil = 250cu
Normally consolidated soil : from consolidation tests
Total Settlement
At equal deformation of the soil and the columns, the
following relationship must be satisfied.
q1BL/nAcolMcol=q2BL/(BL-nAcol)Msoil
n=no. of columns; Acol =x-sec. area of column
If area ratio is defined as: =nAcol/BL
The settlement
h1 = qH/Mcol+(1-)Msoil
It is also recommended to calculate the settlement of
the soil below the block.
Case 1: q1 is transferred to the bottom.
Case 2: q is transferred to the bottom.
Quality Control Measures
The lime consumed during the manufacture of the lime
columns should be measured and recorded continuously to
prevent discontinuity in the columns and to detect any
clogging of the feeding unit.
The distribution of lime in a few columns and the water
content of the soil from samples obtained with auger boring
be checked.
About 1 to 3% of the columns should be checked with SPT or
with vane soundings along the entire length 1 or 2 months
after being manufactured.
Check the strength and deformation properties of the
stabilized soil in few columns with in situ tests.
Another Method for evaluation of strength and
stiffness gain
Ap d 02 / 4 s 2
w 100 w0 / t Ap h c n 1 v S r / 100 w
e Gs w / Sr (0.1485)
•http://www.carmeusena.com/.
•Hopkins, T.C., Beckman, T.L., Sun, L., Ni, B., and Butcher,
B. “Long-Term Benefits of Stabilizing Soil Subgrades,”
Research Report KTC-02-19/SPR-196-66-1F, University of
Kentucky Transportation Center, College of Engineering,
Lexington, Kentucky, 2002. Wong P. K. (2004) “Ground
Improvement Case Studies – Chemical Lime Piles and
Dynamic Replacement” Australian Geomechanics Society
Jnl Vol 39 No.2 June 2004.
•Puppala A (2008) Plenary lecture on design methodologies
for expanisve clay subgrades, Bangalore.
Thank You