Assignment Result 3.1-2 Kognity

Assignment result | Kognity 4/12/2020, 9:29 PM
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" Physic Overview Book Notebook Practice Assignments ! " (https://intercom.help/kogn
s HL 3.1 Questions 2 results
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! Question 1
Question !
The graph below shows the temperature of a solid of mass 2.0 kg being heated at a constant rate:
What is the specific heat capacity of the solid? Give your answer in units of J kg–1 K–1
(for example: insert 350 to mean 350 J kg–1 K–1).
Your answer - correct
750
Accepted answers
750
https://app.kognity.com/study/app/physics-hl-2016/assignments/result/926224/?source=dashboard Page 1 of 32
750Jkg^-1K^-1
750J/kgK
750Jkg-1K-1
Explanation:
Start with:
Q = mc ∆ T
From the graph, 45 000 J of energy are added causing the solid’s temperature to rise by 30 °C.
Q
c=
m∆T
45 000
c=
2 × 30
= 750 J kg −1 K −1
+ Report feedback or error
! Question 2
Question !
The graph below shows the temperature of a solid with a melting point of 35°C being heated at a
constant rate:
The slope of the first part of the graph (from 0 up to 45 000 J) depends on what property of the
substance?
Correct choice
Your choice #1
Specific heat capacity as a solid
Explanation:
This is a graph of temperature versus added energy. From the equation for heat:
Q = mc ∆ T
For the first phase, the graph represents:
1
∆T = Q,
mc
which is a straight line with a slope of 1/mc, where c is the specific heat capacity of the
substance.
Since the substance starts as a solid, then the slope is related to its specific heat capacity as a
solid.
Incorrect choices
#2
Specific heat capacity as a liquid
#3
Latent heat of fusion
#4
Latent heat of vaporisation
! Question 3
Question !
In an isolated system, 0.250 kg of ice at 0.00°C is added to 0.590 kg of water at 18.0°C.
How much solid ice will be left when the system comes to an equilibrium? Give your answer in
grams.
Specific heat capacity of water = 4180 J kg-1 K-1
Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 334 Jg-1
117g
Accepted answers
117 g
117g
Explanation:
If some of the solid ice has not melted, that must mean that the final equilibrium temperature of
the system is 0.0°C. We can use this to calculate what mass of ice m is needed to cool down the
590 g of water.
If the water is to cool down to 0.0°C, then the thermal energy that must be removed is
Q = mc ∆ T
Q = (0.590 kg) × (4180 J kg −1 K−1 ) × (0 − 18)
Q = −44391.6 J
This is the energy that the ice must absorb. We can now calculate what mass of ice would melt
given this much energy,
Q
m=
L
44391.6 J
=
334 J g −1
m = 132.9 g
Hence, 132.9 g of ice will melt when absorbing the energy from the water. That means that
m solid = 250 − 132.9

= 117 g
At the end, 117 grams of ice will remain.
! Question 4
Question !
A 4.5 g lead bullet is fired at a large ice block. The bullet is initially at room temperature, has an
initial speed of 440 m s–1, and comes to a full stop inside the ice block. The ice block is at an
initial temperature of 0.0°C.
Approximately what mass of ice will melt? Give your answer in grams.
Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 334 J g-1
1.3g
Accepted answers
1.3 g
1.3g
1,3 g
1,3g
1.3
1,3
Explanation:
This question combines ideas from the previous topic – work and kinetic energy – with thermal
physics. Since the bullet is moving at a high speed and comes to a full stop in the ice block, its
kinetic energy must be transferred into the surroundings. Specifically, it is absorbed by the ice
block and increases its thermal energy, causing some of the ice to melt.
Start by calculating how much energy is deposited into the ice block. The change in kinetic
energy for the bullet is
1
EK = m (v22 − v21 )
2
1
= (0.0045) (0 − 440 2 )
2
E K = −435.6 J
Thus, the ice block absorbs 435.6 J of thermal energy.
Using the equation for latent heat, and taking the latent heat of fusion of water to be of 334 J g −1 ,
Q
m=
L
435.6 J
=
334 J g −1
m = 1.3 g
Observe that this value is an approximation. There would also be some thermal energy transfer
due to the bullet’s temperature. This can be considered negligible, due to the bullet’s small mass
compared to the ice block. In addition, we are also ignoring any energy used to raise the
temperature of the melted ice.
! Question 5
Question
The temperature of a body is a measure of the #1 average kinetic

" energy of its molecules.
The specific latent heat of fusion of a substance is the energy #2 per kg " needed to
convert it from solid to liquid at constant temperature.
Accepted answers and explanation
#1 average kinetic, average random kinetic, mean random kinetic, mean kinetic, kinetic
#2 per unit mass, per kilogram, per kg, per unit of mass
The temperature of a body is a measure of the average random kinetic energy of its molecules.
The specific latent heat of fusion of a substance is the energy per unit mass that it must absorb or release
to undergo a change between solid and liquid phases at constant temperature and pressure.
! Question 6
Question !
Internal energy is added to a substance of mass 0.24 kg at a rate of 0.82 kW. The following graph
is produced:
The specific heat capacity of the liquid phase of this substance is #1 25 −1

" kJ kg
K−1.
Accepted answers and explanation
#1 25, 25.1
The substance is in a liquid phase between 190 and 410 seconds.
For heating:
increase of internal energy = m × c × △T

where c is the specific heat capacity, \(ΔT\) is the change of temperature and m is the mass.
Because energy = power × time,

P × △t = m × c × △T
820 W × (410 − 190) s = 0.24 kg × c × (19 − (−11)) ∘ C
c = 25 056 = 25 kJ kg−1 K−1 (to 2 s.f.)
Note that because one Celsius is the same size as one kelvin, we can give the answer using the usual unit,
K−1, instead of ℃ which we used in the calculation.
! Question 7
Question
A frozen puddle of water has average depth 1.3 cm and temperature 0.0 ℃. The average intensity
of radiation from the Sun absorbed by the puddle is 390 W m−2.
Calculate the time taken for the puddle to melt. Give your answer in hours.
Assume no heat exchange with the surroundings.
density of ice = 910 kg m−3
specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.33 × 105 J kg−1
2.8hr
Accepted answers
2.8 h
2.8h
2.8 hr
2.8hr
2.8 hours
2.8
Explanation:
We have two equations for energy that are relevant:
energy = power × time
E = P × △t
and:
energy = mass × specific latent heat of fusion
E=m×L
Hence, P × △t = m × L
To continue, we must make a number of algebraic substitutions.
From the equation, mass = density × volume , we get:
P × △t = ρ × V × L
Using the equation, volume = surface area × depth ,
we can substitute V = A × d , to get:
P × △t = ρ × A × d × L
The unit of intensity is W m−2, which is power per unit surface area. Therefore,
power = intensity × area .
So we can substitute P = I × A to get:
I × A × △t = ρ × A × d × L
Cancelling area, A, and rearranging, we get:
ρ×d×L
△t =
I
910 kg m−3 × 0.013 m × 3.33 × 105 J kg −1
△t =
390 W m−2
△t = 10 101 s = 2.8 hours
! Question 8
Question !
is produced:
Determine the specific latent heat of vaporization of this substance. Include an appropriate unit
with your answer.
1.2MJkg^-1
Accepted answers
1.2 MJ kg−1
1.2x10^6 J kg^-1
1.2x10^6J/kg
1.2*10^6Jkg-1
1.2x10^6Jkg-1
1.2MJkg^-1
1.2MJkg-1
1200000J/kg
1200000Jkg^-1
1200000Jkg-1
1200kJkg-1
1200kJkg^-1
1.2MJ/kg
Explanation:
Vaporization occurs between 410 and 765 seconds. Melting and vaporization both occur at
constant temperature.
For vaporization:
increase of internal energy = m × L
where L is the specific latent heat of vaporization and m is the mass.
Because energy = power × time ,
P × △t = m × L
820 W × (765 − 410) s = 0.24 kg × L
L = 1 212 917 = 1.2 MJ kg−1 (to 2 s.f.)
! Question 9
Question !
is produced:
Determine the specific latent heat of fusion of this substance. Give your answer in kJ kg–1 to an
appropriate number significant figures.
380
Accepted answers
380
380 kJ kg-1
3.8 × 105 J kg−1
3.8x10^5 J kg^-1
3.8*10^5Jkg^-1
3.8x10^5Jkg^-1
380000Jkg^-1
3.8x10^5J/kg
380000J/kg
3.8*10^5J/kg
Explanation:
Melting occurs between 80 and 190 seconds. Melting and vaporization both occur at constant
temperature.
For melting:
increase of internal energy = m × L
where L is the specific latent heat of fusion and m is the mass.
P × △t = m × L
820 W × (190 − 80) s = 0.24 kg × L
L = 375 833 = 3.8 × 105 J kg −1 = 380 kJ kg −1 (to 2 s.f.)
! Question 10
Question !
A new fridge is empty and is switched on for the first time. It contains 0.277 m3 of air and plastic
shelves of total mass 595 g. The fridge can remove internal energy at a rate of 10.3 W.
Calculate the time, in seconds, taken for the fridge to cool to 5.00 ℃. Assume that no heat lost by
the walls of the fridge.
room temperature = 19.5 ℃
specific heat capacity of air = 1.00 × 103 J kg−1 K−1
−3
density of air = 1.29 kg m−3
specific heat capacity of the plastic = 2.30 × 103 J kg−1 K−1
2430
Accepted answers
2430 s
2430s
2430 seconds
2430sec
2430secs
2430
Explanation:
total loss of internal energy = energy lost by the air + energy lost by the plastic
E = (m air × cair × △T ) + (m plastic × cplastic × △T )
P × △t = (m air × cair × △T ) + (m plastic × cplastic × △T )
(m air × cair + m plastic × cplastic ) × △T

△t =
P
Because mass = density × volume ,
(ρV air × cair + m plastic × cplastic ) × △T

△t =
P
(1.29 × 0.277 × 1.00 × 10 + 0.595 × 2.30 × 10 ) × (19.5 − 5.00)

3 3
△t =
10.3
△t = 2430 s (to 3 s.f.)
! Question 11
Question !
A coffee machine can provide a jet of water vapour at 100 ℃. This can be used to reheat drinks
that have gone cold.
Calculate the mass of water vapour required to heat 250 g of coffee from 30 ℃ to 86 ℃.
3 −1 −1
specific heat capacity of coffee = 4.19 × 103 J kg−1 K−1
specific heat capacity of water = 4.19 × 103 J kg−1 K−1
specific latent heat of vaporization of water = 2.26 MJ kg−1
25g
Accepted answers
25 g
25g
0.025 kg
0.025kg
.025kg
Explanation:
energy lost by water vapour = energy gained by coffee
The water vapour will condense to liquid water and then cool to 86 ℃.
m vapour L + m w cw △Tw = mc△T
The mass of vapour mvapour equals the mass of water mw.
m vapour (L + cw △Tw ) = m cof f ee ccof f ee △Tcof f ee
m cof f ee ccof f ee △Tcof f ee

m vapour =
L + cw △Tw
0.250 × 4.19 × 103 × (86 − 30)

m vapour =
2.26 × 106 + (4.19 × 103 × (100 − 86))
m vapour = 0.025 kg = 25 g
Notice that a small amount of water vapour can release a large amount of internal energy. This
means it would be much worse to be scalded by 1 gram of steam at 100 ℃ than 1 g of water at
100 ℃, because of the large amount of latent heat released when the steam condenses.
! Question 12
Question
A glass contains 315 g of water at 19.5 ℃.
80.0 g of ice at −12.0 ! is then added to the glass.
Calculate the mass of unmelted ice that remains when the temperature of the water reaches 0.00
℃.
Assume that no heat is lost to the glass or the surroundings.
specific heat capacity of ice = 2.11 × 103 J kg−1 K−1
8.79g
Accepted answers
8.79 g
8.79g
0.00879 kg
0.00879kg
Explanation:
To find the mass of unmelted ice, first calculate the mass of ice that must melt to reduce the
temperature of the water to 0 ℃.
Thermal energy gained by ice to reach 0 ℃ + thermal energy gained by melting ice = thermal
energy lost by water.
(mcΔT )all ice + (mL)melted ice = (mcΔT )water + (mcΔT )glass
(0.08 × 2.11 × 103 × (12.0 − 0.0)) + m melted ice (3.33 × 105 ) = 0.315 × 4.19× 103
×(19.5 − 0.0)
m ice = 0.0712 kg = 71.2 … g
This is the mass that has melted.
mass of ice remaining = 80.0 g − 71.2… g = 8.79 g (to 3 s.f.)
! Question 13
Question
A glass of mass 101 g contains 325 g of water. The glass and water are in thermal equilibrium at
19.0 ℃.
Calculate the minimum mass of ice at −12.0 ! to be added that will reduce the temperature of
the glass and the water to 0.00 ℃.
Assume that no heat is lost to the surroundings.
specific heat capacity of ice = 2.11 × 103 J kg−1 K−1
specific heat capacity of glass = 510 J kg−1 K−1
74.9g
Accepted answers
74.9 g
74.9g
0.0749 kg
0.0749kg
.0749kg
Explanation:
thermal energy gained by ice to reach 0 ℃ + thermal energy gained by melting ice = thermal
energy lost by water + thermal energy lost by glass
(mcΔT )ice + (mL)ice = (mcΔT )water + (mcΔT )glass
m ice ((cΔT )ice + L ice ) = (mcΔT )water + (mcΔT )glass
m ice ((2.11 × 103 × (12.0 − 0.00))+ 3.33 × 105 ) = 0.325 ×4.19 × 103 × (19.0 − 0.00)
+0.101 × 510 × (19.0 − 0.00)
m ice = 0.0749 kg = 74.9 g (to 3 s.f.)
! Question 14
Question !
A glass of mass 65.0 g contains 330 g of water. The glass and water are in thermal equilibrium at
25.0 ℃.
Calculate the minimum mass of ice at 0.00 ℃ to be added to the glass that will reduce its
temperature to 0.00 ℃.
Assume that no heat is lost to the surroundings.
specific heat capacity of water = 4 200 J kg−1 K−1
specific heat capacity of glass = 510 J kg−1 K−1
107g
Accepted answers
107 g
107g
110 g
110g
0.107 kg
0.107kg
0.11 kg
0.11kg
.11kg
.107kg
Explanation:
thermal energy gained by melting ice = thermal energy lost by water + thermal energy lost by
glass
(mL)ice = (mcΔT )water + (mcΔT )glass
m ice × 3.33 × 105 = 0.330 × 4200 × (25 − 0) + 0.065 × 510 × (25 − 0)
m ice = 0.1065 kg = 107 g
! Question 15
Question !
A hot piece of iron at 1 086 ℃ is dropped into a container with 300. g of water at 18.3 ℃.
Calculate the minimum mass of iron that would completely vaporize the water. Assume that no
energy is given to the cup or surroundings.
specific heat capacity of iron = 450 J kg−1 K−1
specific heat capacity of water = 4 200 J kg−1 K−1
specific latent heat of vaporization of water = 2.26 MJ kg−1
1.76kg
Accepted answers
1.76 kg
1.76kg
1.8 kg
1.8kg
Explanation:
energy lost by iron = energy needed to heat liquid water to 100 ℃ + energy needed to vaporize
water at 100 ℃
The iron will reach thermal equilibrium with the water as it vaporises, so its final temperature will
be 100 ℃.
(mcΔT )Fe = (mcΔT )water + (mL)water
m × 450 × (1086 − 100) = 0.300 × 4200 × (100 − 18.3) + 0.300 × 2.26 × 106
m = 1.76 kg
! Question 16
Question
Ice at 0 ∘ C is mixed with water at 0 ∘ C in a perfectly insulated calorimeter. Which of the

following correctly describes what will happen next?
Correct choice
Your choice #1
No ice will melt and no water will freeze.
Explanation:
Because both the ice and water are the same temperature there will be no transfer of thermal
energy and hence no change.
Incorrect choices
#2
All the ice will melt.
#3
All the water will freeze.
#4
What will happen depends on the relative masses of the ice and water.
! Question 17
Question
Which of the following shows the changes (if any) in the average potential energy and in the
average kinetic energy of the molecules of a gas as it condenses to form a liquid?
Average potential energy Average kinetic energy
i. Decreases Increases
ii. Decreases Stays the same
iii. Stays the same Decreases
iv. Increases Stays the same
Correct choice
Your choice #1
ii.
Explanation:
Changes of phase occur at constant temperature, which means the average kinetic energy of
the molecules does not change. Hence #1 and #3 must be incorrect. In condensation the
molecules will reduce the distance between them in order to enter the liquid phase, therefore
the potential energy must be decreasing so #2 is correct.
Incorrect choices
#2
i.
#3
iii.
#4
iv.
! Question 18
Question
A solid piece of lead melts without a change in temperature. Which of the following is correct for
the molecules in the liquid phase compared with the molecules in the solid phase?
Average kinetic energy Average potential energy
i. Same Greater
ii. Same Same
iii. Greater Greater
iv. Greater Same
Correct choice
Your choice #1
i.
Explanation:
There is no change in temperature, so there is no change in average kinetic energy. It’s either
#1 or #2. But to melt a solid requires energy and as this energy does not appear as kinetic
energy it must increase the potential energy of the molecules. It results in a loosening of the
bonds between the molecules
Incorrect choices
#2
ii.
#3
iii.
#4
iv.
! Question 19
Question
4.0 kg of water at 90 ∘ C is mixed with 1.0 kg of water at 10 ∘ C in a container insulated from the
surroundings. What is the final temperature, in ∘ C , of the water? Give your answer to two
significant figures and do not include a unit.
74
Accepted answers
74
Explanation:
Heat lost by hot water = heat gained by cold water
4 × c × (90– T) = 1 × c × (T– 10)
4(90 − T) = (T − 10)
370 = 5T
so: T = 74 ∘ C
! Question 20
Question
A calorimeter and an electric heater are used to measure the specific heat capacity of a liquid. If
heat loss was NOT negligible, is the value obtained more or less than the correct value?
more
Accepted answers
more
More
MORE
Explanation:
Consider how Q is measured. It is impossible for us to measure how much energy a substance
absorbs, so we have to measure energy input. Now, consider that some of that energy inputted is
being lost to the environment - you will need more energy to produce the same increase in
temperature.
Hence, the reading for Q will be higher than it should be for the same mass and temperature
change. c=Q/m∆T, so if Q is higher than it should be, c will also be higher than it should be.
Therefore, the answer is 'more'.
! Question 21
Question
A solid of mass 640 g is heated using an 80 W heater. Below is a graph of its temperature against
time.
What is the specific latent heat of fusion? Give your answer in kJ⋅kg −1 , without units and correct
to one significant figure.
10
Accepted answers
10
10000
10,000
10kJkg-1
10000kJkg-1
10,000kJkg-1
10kJkg^-1
10000kJkg^-1
10,000kJkg^-1
Explanation:
During melting, temperature remains constant. From the graph, it is clear that it takes a total of
80 s to completely melt the solid. During this time, 80 × 80 = 6400 J of energy is supplied. So
the latent heat of fusion is:
Q 6400
L= = = 10 kJ ⋅kg −1
m 0.640
! Question 22
Question
During melting, what happens to the temperature and internal energy of the substance?
Temperature Internal Energy
A Constant Constant
B Constant Increase
C Increase Increase
D Increase Constant
Correct choice
Your choice #1
Explanation:
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance.

Internal energy is the total kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance and the total
potential energy associated to the intermolecular bonds. When a substance melts,
intermolecular bonds are broken, increasing the potential energy, hence the internal energy
will also increase but the temperature will stay the same.
Incorrect choices
#2
A
#3
C
#4
D
! Question 23
Question
Which of the following statements is/are true?
I) The temperature of a substance is a measure of the total kinetic energy of its molecules.
II) The potential energy of a substance is decreased by forming intermolecular bonds between
its molecules.
III) Transferring thermal energy always increases the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a
substance.
Correct choice
Your choice #1
II
Explanation:
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance, so

statement I is false. When thermal energy is provided to a substance undergoing a phase
change, only the potential energy changes, so statement III is also false. Statement II is true:
These bonds require energy to be broken and so also release energy when they are made.
When energy is given out by a process, the potential energy is lowered (think of losing
gravitational potential energy when falling off a cliff).
Incorrect choices
#2
II and III
#3
I and III
#4
I
! Question 24
Question
On a hot summer’s day, Stuart’s glass contains 500g of lemonade at 30 ∘ C . The maximum number
of 25 g ice cubes (at their melting point) he wants to put in is four so he does not spoil the taste of
his drink. What will the final temperature of the lemonade be? Give your answer in degrees
Celsius, to the nearest degree and assume no heat is transferred to the glass. Do not include a unit
in your answer.
Latent heat of fusion of water: 334 kJ⋅kg −1

Specific heat capacity of lemonade/water: 4200 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1
12
Accepted answers
12
Explanation:
Assume the lemonade reaches a temperature T . The energy lost from the lemonade is:
Q = 0.5 × 4200 × (30 − T) = 2100 × (30 − T)
The energy delivered to the ice cubes is the energy required to melt them plus the energy required
to raise the ice to a temperature T :
Q = (4 × 0.025 × 334 × 103 ) + (4 × 0.025 × 4200 × T) = 33400 + 420T
Hence assuming no energy loss:
2100 × (30 − T) = 33400 + 420T
63000 − 2100T = 33400 + 420T
2520T = 29600
Solving gives: T ≈ 12∘ C .
! Question 25
Question
100 g of fuel is burnt to heat 500 g of water. The water increases in temperature from 20 ∘ C to
43 ∘ C . The specific heat capacity of water is 4.200 J⋅g −1 ⋅K −1 . How much energy is in
1.00 kg of fuel? Give your answer correct to the nearest kJ and do not include a unit with your
answer.
483
Accepted answers
483
480
480
Explanation:
The energy required to heat the water is:
Q = mcΔT = 500 × 4.200 × 23 = 48, 300 J
(notice that the mass is in grams, but so is the mass unit in the value for specific heat capacity, so
no conversion is needed)
This is how much energy is released by 100g of fuel (as stated in the question). Therefore, the
amount of energy in 1kg is 10 times this answer.
Hence the energy present in 1 kg of fuel is 483, 000 J = 483 kJ
! Question 26
Question
A microwave is used to defrost a frozen burger, of mass 140 g , and specific latent heat of
330 kJ⋅kg −1 . If the microwave has a power of 0.65 kW , for how many seconds should the burger
be defrosted? Do not include a unit with your answer.
72
Accepted answers
71
72
Explanation:
The energy required to defrost the burger is:
Q = mL = 0.140 × 330 × 103 = 46, 200 J
The microwave delivers an energy of 650 J per second, so the burger must be defrosted for:
46200
≈ 71 s
650
However, because the answer is 71.1, you would actually need to heat for 72 seconds for it to be
fully defrosted. Both answers are accepted here.
! Question 27
Question
What is the difference in temperature between two objects, one at 35 ∘ C and the other at 342 K ?
Do not include a unit with your answer.
34
Accepted answers
34
34K
34C
Explanation:
The temperature of an object, as measured in kelvin, is always 273 higher than the value in ∘ C .
Therefore, the first object has a temperature of 308 K . Remember that temperature differences are
the same if measured in kelvin or Celsius.
The difference, therefore, is 342 - 308 = 34.
! Question 28
Question
A chef in a seafront restaurant cooks his chicken in a special way. He adds 1 kg of boiling water
to the pot and then adds water from the tap, at 25 ∘ C , until the water in the pot reaches 50 ∘ C .
Assuming the pan is well insulated, what is the total mass of water used for cooking the chicken?
Give your answer to the nearest kilogram and do not include a unit with your answer.
Accepted answers
Explanation:
The boiled water transfers some thermal energy to the tap water. Assuming no energy is lost:
1.0 × c × (100 − 50) = m × c × (50 − 25)
Here, m is the mass of tap water. Solving gives m = 2 kg
Adding this to the inital mass of boiling water gives: 2kg +1kg = 3 kg of water used in total.
! Question 29
Question
The melting point of a substance X is 3.0 ∘ C and its latent heat of fusion is 98 kJ⋅kg −1 . In liquid
form, X has a specific heat capacity of 2500 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1 and in solid form, it has a specific heat
capacity of 1800 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1 . How much energy is required to produce 1.0 kg of liquid at
25 ∘ C from solid at −12 ∘ C ? Give your answer in kJ without a unit.
180
Accepted answers
180
Explanation:
First the temperature of the solid has to be raised from −12 ∘ C to 3.0 ∘ C , requiring an energy of:
Q = 1 × 1800 × 15 = 27, 000 J
Then the solid must be melted, requiring an energy:
Q = 98, 000 J
and then the liquid must be heated to 25 ∘ C , requiring an additional:
Q = 1 × 2500 × 22 = 55, 000 J
So in total, 180 kJ is required (55,000+98,000+27,000).
! Question 30
Question
Oil has a specific heat capacity of 2.0 kJ⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1 and water 4.2 kJ⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1 . An equal mass of
oil at 220 ∘ C and water at 25 ∘ C are mixed. Assuming no heat loss, will the water boil, yes or no?
no
Accepted answers
No
no
Explanation:
The same amount of energy that is transferred out of the oil is transferred into the water. They
will reach the same final temperature, T , so:
m × 2.0 × (220 − T) = m × 4.2 × (T − 25)
440 − 2.0T = 4.2T − 105
545 = 6.2T
and T ≈ 88 ∘ C . This is below the boiling point of water.
! Question 31
Question
A kettle with voltage 25 V and current 55 A is used to bring 0.50 kg of water at 22 ∘ C to boiling
point. The kettle is turned on for 180 s . Given the data below, what mass, in kg , of liquid water
remains in the kettle? Do not give a unit with your answer.
Specific heat capacity: 4200 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1

Specific latent heat: 2270 kJ⋅kg −1
0.46
Accepted answers
0.46
0,46
Explanation:
The energy required to heat the water to boiling point is:
Q = mcΔT = 0.50 × 4200 × (100 − 22) = 163, 800 J
The power of the kettle is:
P = 25 × 55 = 1375 W
so it takes a time:
163800
= 119 s
1375
to heat the water to boiling. This leaves 61 seconds during which an energy of
1375 × 61 = 83, 875 J is delivered by the kettle. This will boil a mass of water:
Q 83875
m= = = 0.037 kg
L 2270000
This leaves 0.463 kg in the kettle.
! Question 32
Question
A steam train requires 10. kg of steam every minute to run. Water at 100. ∘ C is run into a coal-
powered engine, which boils it. If each kg of coal produces 110 kJ , how many kilograms of coal
are needed for a 1.5 hour journey? Do not include a unit with your answer. The specific latent
heat of vaporisation of water is 2270 kJ⋅kg −1 .
19000
Accepted answers
19000
19,000
19 000
Explanation:
The mass of steam required in one minute is 10kg.
So the total mass of steam required for the 90 minute journey is:
10 × 90 = 900kg
The energy required to generate this steam is given by:
Q = ml = 900 × 2270 = 2, 043, 000kJ
Each kilogram of coal produces 110kJ, so the number of kilograms of coal needed is:
2, 043, 000
= 19, 000kg (2 s.f.)
110
The question uses a minimum of 2 significant figures, so the answer should be quoted to 2
significant figures.
In other words:
The energy required to boil 10. kg of steam is 22700 kJ . Hence the engine requires 206 kg of coal
every minute. For a 1.5 hour journey, this must be multiplied by 90 , to give 18572 kg . The
question uses a minimum of 2 significant figures, so the answer should be quoted to 2 significant
figures.
! Question 33
Question
800. J of energy is added to 50.0 g of water, with a specific heat capacity of 4200 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1 . If
the water is at 45.0 ∘ C after heating, what was the initial temperature, to the nearest kelvin?
314K
Accepted answers
314
314K
314 K
Explanation:
As Q = mcΔT :
800 = 0.050 × 4200 × ΔT
ΔT = 3.8 o C
The initial temperature is therefore 45 − 3.8 = 41.2o C . This must be converted to kelvin by
adding 273 to the answer,
41.2 + 273 = 314.2 ≈ 314K
Assignment information What's next?

Submitted: Study more IBDP Physics HL?
Deadline: Overview(/study/app/physics-hl-2016/)
2020-12-13 23:59
See all IBDP Physics HL assignments:
Questions:
Assignment overview(/study/app/physics-hl-2016/assignments/over

Assignment Result 3.1-2 Kognity

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Assignment result | Kognity 4/12/2020, 9:29 PM

Your score: 100%

Your answer - correct

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Specific heat capacity as a solid

For the first phase, the graph represents:

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Specific heat capacity of water = 4180 J kg-1 K-1

Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 334 Jg-1

Your answer - correct

m solid = 250 − 132.9

At the end, 117 grams of ice will remain.

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Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 334 J g-1

Your answer - correct

Thus, the ice block absorbs 435.6 J of thermal energy.

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The temperature of a body is a measure of the #1 average kinetic

Accepted answers and explanation

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The specific heat capacity of the liquid phase of this substance is #1 25 −1

Accepted answers and explanation

The substance is in a liquid phase between 190 and 410 seconds.

increase of internal energy = m × c × △T

Because energy = power × time,

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Assume no heat exchange with the surroundings.

density of ice = 910 kg m−3

specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.33 × 105 J kg−1

Your answer - correct

energy = power × time

energy = mass × specific latent heat of fusion

To continue, we must make a number of algebraic substitutions.

From the equation, mass = density × volume , we get:

Using the equation, volume = surface area × depth ,

we can substitute V = A × d , to get:

So we can substitute P = I × A to get:

Cancelling area, A, and rearranging, we get:

△t = 10 101 s = 2.8 hours

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Your answer - correct

increase of internal energy = m × L

where L is the specific latent heat of vaporization and m is the mass.

Because energy = power × time ,

820 W × (765 − 410) s = 0.24 kg × L

L = 1 212 917 = 1.2 MJ kg−1 (to 2 s.f.)

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Your answer - correct

increase of internal energy = m × L

where L is the specific latent heat of fusion and m is the mass.

Because energy = power × time ,

820 W × (190 − 80) s = 0.24 kg × L

L = 375 833 = 3.8 × 105 J kg −1 = 380 kJ kg −1 (to 2 s.f.)

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room temperature = 19.5 ℃

specific heat capacity of air = 1.00 × 103 J kg−1 K−1

density of air = 1.29 kg m−3

specific heat capacity of the plastic = 2.30 × 103 J kg−1 K−1

Your answer - correct

E = (m air × cair × △T ) + (m plastic × cplastic × △T )

Because energy = power × time ,

P × △t = (m air × cair × △T ) + (m plastic × cplastic × △T )

(m air × cair + m plastic × cplastic ) × △T

Because mass = density × volume ,