Constructing 
SeismicResistantMasonryHouses 
inIndonesia

            TeddyBoen 
(SeniorAdvisor,WorldSeismicSafetyInitiative)

DistributedbyUnitedNationsCentreforRegionalDevelopment(UNCRD)
                                  DisasterManagementPlanningHyogoOffice

United Nations
© 2009 United Nations

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CONSTRUCTING SEISMIC RESISTANT MASONRY HOUSES
2M 2M

1M

TEDDY BOEN & ASSOCIATES

2005

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system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, graphic, electronic, mechanical,
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If copying part of this book for non-commercial purposes, the source must be mentioned.

Second Edition

WORLD SEISMIC SAFETY INITIATIVE

TEDDY BOEN
 TABLE OF CONTENT
page
I. TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................................................................................................ I
II. PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... II
1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND LAYOUT OF HOUSES ....................................................................................................................................... 1
2. CLEAN WATER AND SEWERAGE ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2
3. PRINCIPLES OF SEISMIC RESISTANT HOUSE CONSTRUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 3
4. BUILDING MATERIALS .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
5. ERECTION OF BATTER BOARDS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5
6. RUBBLE (RIVER / QUARRY) STONE FOUNDATION ............................................................................................................................................... 6
7. REINFORCING BARS BENDING TOOL .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
8. LENGTH AND BENDING OF REINFORCING BARS ................................................................................................................................................. 8-11
8.A. BEAM REINFORCING BARS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 8-9
8.B. COLUMN REINFORCING BARS ........................................................................................................................................................................ 10
8.C. STIRRUPS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
9. SEISMIC RESISTANT DETAILING OF JOINTS ......................................................................................................................................................... 12
10. FOUNDATION BEAM REINFORCING DETAILING ................................................................................................................................................... 13
11. PREPARING CONCRETE MIX ..................................................................................................................................................................................14-15
12. PLACING CONCRETE IN FOUNDATION BEAM ...................................................................................................................................................... 16
13. PLUMBNESS OF BRICK LAYING AND COLUMNS .................................................................................................................................................. 17
14. BRICK WALL .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
15. REINFORCING BAR DETAILING AND PLACING CONCRETE IN COLUMNS ........................................................................................................19-23
16. JOINT DETAILS AND PLACING CONCRETE IN BEAMS ......................................................................................................................................... 24
17. TIMBER ROOF TRUSSES ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
18. GABLE WALL ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26
19. ROOF COVERING ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................................................................................28-29

PREFACE
Throughout the centuries, earthquakes have taken a high toll of human lives and caused property losses. Earthquakes do not kill people but the
collapse of man made buildings does.
Until today, human beings cannot prevent earthquakes, however, human beings can try to reduce the impact by designing and constructing
earthquake resistant buildings. Almost all of Indonesia is earthquake pone.
Currently people all over Indonesia build half brick masonry or concrete block houses. Masonry houses have become a new culture. Many of
those masonry houses are built without confinement in the form of reinforced concrete beams and columns and in almost all past earthquakes,
masonry houses without confinement generally were heavily damaged or collapsed. Half brick thick masonry wall houses without confinement
is not recommended for earthquake prone areas.
Houses recommended to be built are half brick thick masonry wall with confinement in the form of foundation beam, practical columns and ring
beam. Past earthquakes showed that such type of houses are earthquake resistant provided that they are built properly.
This guideline tries to explain in a simple way the principles of constructing half brick thick confined masonry houses.
This guideline contains the basic and elementary principles concerning how to lay bricks, how to prepare concrete mix, how to bend reinforcing
bars, detailing of joints and other basic things already forgotten by local artisans, construction workers and by most engineers all over
Indonesia.
The methods and details recommended in this guideline are basic and are minimum requirements for constructing earthquake resistant
masonry houses.
Materials for this guideline are taken from ref 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 28, 30 and 35.
It is hoped that this guideline is useful for the common people in earthquake prone areas and for stakeholders involved in reducing the impact of
future earthquakes.
Jakarta, April 2005

Teddy Boen & Associates

II
 1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND LAYOUT OF HOUSES

X property line

X X
Items to be observed: building layout
1. Distance of house from the property line
Ratio of houses / property area 900
Height of house shall be proportional
Form should be suitable for local climate
2. Building line

building
line
3. Layout:
- House
- Septic tank
- Leaching fence
- Drainage x : Distance from land border
- Water pipe
- Well
4. Ground level shall be the 100 year flood level
road

2. CLEAN WATER AND SEWERAGE

leaching, length 3m, septic tank, length 2,7m, height 1,5m, width 1m
height 1,2m, widht 1m 1M >15 M

sewage pipe 6”
leaching from sewage well

clean water pipe 1 1/4”

collection pit for sewage

rain water drain 30x30cm

900

manhole 45x45x45cm

garbage collection pit 150x90x75cm

covered with galvanized iron sheet or timber city drainage
partition for organic & anorganic

road

2
 3. PRINCIPLES OF SEISMIC RESISTANT HOUSE CONSTRUCTION

1. Good quality materials.

2. Good workmanship.
3. All building components (foundation, columns, beams, walls, roof trusses, roofing)
MUST be TIED to each other, so that when SHAKEN BY EARTHQUAKES,
the building will act as ONE INTEGRAL UNIT.

r.c beams
timber roof trusses

half-brick gable wall

r.c. beam r.c. beam

half-brick masonry wall

anchor min. � 10mm r.c. foundation beam

length > 40cm
every 6 layers of brick
r.c. column rubble stone foundation

4. BUILDING MATERIALS
SAND: BRICKS:
- from rivers / quarries - completely burnt
- clean from mud - flat, not warping
- clean from organic materials SAND - does not break easily

5cm
GRAVEL: - uniform size
20
cm

- from rivers / quarries - corners not damaged

- clean from mud - minimum size 20x10x5cm 10cm
- clean from organic materials GRAVEL CONCRETE BLOCK:
-� 1-2cm - best from concrete mix
- corners not damaged
CEMENT: - no cracks
- Portland Cement
20cm

20cm

- not hardened TIMBER:

- dry - dry
40
40

- in 40/50 kg bags
cm
cm

NETTO 50 KG
- straight 10cm
- not mixed with other materials 10cm
- no cracks
- uniform color - no notch
- treated against termite
WATER :
- clean 3-4 m
RUBBLE STONE: length
- clear and does not smell - size as uniform as possible
- no oil, acid, alkali, salt, organic materials - rough surface, not smooth
that can affect the r.c. bars
- potable
R.C. BARS:
- uniform size
- conform with standard bars
- not rusted
- straight
- diameter in accordance with drawings

4
 5. ERECTION OF BATTER BOARDS
batter board brace 4x6cm
2x20cm to support batter board
upper level flat & smooth 1m every 2m
2m 2m
wall axis batter board
nail 7cm
cord
must be 1m attached to nail
perpendicular

min 80cm
1m
A

Detail A

foundation excavation 1m
must be building axis / cord
perpendicular
timber stakes 5/7cm
leveled with water tube 2m
0 to determine the level
90

ERECTION OF BATTER BOARD:

1. Batter board is used as benchmark for the levels of the house.
2. Batter boards shall be erected prior to construction.
3. Batter boards 2x20cm are supported by timber stakes 5/7cm and
try square placed 2m apart.
4. Upper part of batter board is flat and smooth.
batter board 5. Upper part of batter board must be horizontal and this leveling is
done using flexible water tube.
brace 4x6cm 6. Corners must be perpendicular.
to support batter board every 2m

6. RUBBLE (RIVER / QUARRY) STONE FOUNDATION

r.c. bar min.��
10 mm
foundation excavation anchor min. � 10mm
> 40 cm length > 40cm
every 6 layers of brick
column 12x12cm stirrup��
8mm
distance <15cm
foundation beam
15x20cm r.c. bar min.��
10mm
40d 90
minimum 80 cm

minimum 80 cm

anchor min. �
10mm rubble stone foundation
every 1m loose rubble stone
concrete mix lean concrete
level must be taken
for 100 year flood level

Note:
Loose rubble stone and sand is needed if
the bottom is muddy.

6
 7. REINFORCING BARS BENDING TOOL
timber base clamping rods 8/15

clamp rods
embedded in
base timber beam

bar bender

clamp rods
embedded in
base timber beam

minimum 60cm
Notes:
� Prior to cutting reinforcing bars, the lengths of columns, beams
reinforcing bars & stirrups and length of hooks must be determined
from construction drawings. 8 mm
�
� After the reinforcing bars are cut based on the necessary length,
the reinforcing bars are bent with appropriate bar bending tool and
shaped into columns, beams, stirrups.
� Bending bars after the reinforcing bars are assembled is not 10 mm
�
correct. the groove must be in accordance with
the bar diameter to be bent

8. LENGTH AND BENDING OF REINFORCING BARS B=40D

4
8. A. BEAM REINFORCING BARS D
C=6D

C=6D
1. OUTER BEAM REINFORCING BAR
E=2,5D length of bar is bent
1 2 40D = 400mm
B=40D at one end
A + G + B - 2F = 6470 mm

F
½G

E=2,5 D
C=6D 5 B=40D

3 C=6D
A + G + 2 (B + C + E) - 2F = 7040 mm

C=6D
Prior to cutting, reinforcing bar length to be measured
from construction drawings, including the bends & hooks.
Example: beam with 6m length from axis to axis, using
bar�� 10mm:
A + G - 2F = 6070 mm

Formula: A + G + 2 (B + C + E) - 2F
A = 6000mm
B = 40D = 400mm
finally, the other end
A + G + 2B - 2F = 6870 mm

C = 6D = 60mm
E = 2,5D = 25mm of reinforcing bar
A

D = bar diameter = 10mm is bent 40D = 400mm

F = concrete cover
= 2,5cm from the main reinforcing bar axis
G = column width = 120mm
Length of outer beam reinforcing bar:
= A + G + 2 (B + C + E) - 2F C=6D
= 6000 + 120 + 2 (400 + 60 + 25) - 2 (25)
= 7040mm = 7,04 m

B=40D
C =6D

1
½G

E=2,5 D

length of bend is 6D = 60mm at both ends

B=40D
distance of bend is 2,5 D = 25mm
C=6D
column 12x12cm

8
8. B. BESI TULANGAN BALOK B=40D

2. INNER BEAM REINFORCING BAR 4

D

C=6D
C=6D

1 length of bar is bent

2 E=2,5D
40D = 400mm
½G

at one end
B=40D

A - G +B+2F = 6330 mm
F E=2,5 D 5 B=40D

A - G + 2 (B + C + E + F) = 6900 mm
C=6D

3 C=6D C=6D
Inner beam reinforcing bar calculation:
Formula: A - G + 2 (B + C + E + F)
A = 6000mm

A - G + 2F = 5930 mm
B = 40D = 400mm
C = 6D = 60mm
E = 2,5D = 25mm
D = bar diameter = 10mm
A

F = concrete cover finally, the other end

A - G + 2 (B + F) = 6730 mm
= 2,5cm from the main reinforcing bar axis of reinforcing bar
G = column width = 120mm
Length of inner beam reinforcing bar:
is bent 40D = 400mm
= A - G + 2 (B + C + E + F)
= 6000 - 120 + 2 (400 + 60 + 25 + 25)
= 6900mm = 6,90 m
C=6D
C=6D

E=2,5 D

B=40D B=40D
½G

length of bend is 6D = 60mm at both ends 1

distance of bend is 2,5 D = 25mm
column 12x12cm C=6D

8. B. COLUMN REINFORCING BARS B=40D

4
C=6D

D C=6D

E=2,5D length of bar is bent

40D = 400mm
A + B = 3400 mm

at the upper

5 B=40D

B=40D
1 2 3 C=6D
E=2,5 D C=6D

C=6D

Prior to cutting, reinforcing bar length to be measured from

construction drawings, including the bends & hooks.
Example: column with 3m height from axis to axis, using
A

finally, the lower

A + 2 (B + C + E) = 3970 mm

bar�� 10mm:
Formula: A + 2 (B + C + E) of reinforcing bar
A = 3000mm is bent 40D = 400mm
A + 2B = 3800 mm

C=6D

B = 40D = 400mm
C = 6D = 60mm
E = 2,5D = 25mm
A

D = bar diameter = 10mm

C=6D
Length of column reinforcing bar:
= A + 2 (B + C + E)
= 3000 + 2 (400 + 60 + 25)
B=40D
= 3970mm = 3,97m
Therefor, for 12m reinforcing bar, it can be obtained 3
column reinforcing bars for 3m height from axis to axis. 1
length of bend is 6D = 60mm at both ends
C=6D distance of bend is 2,5 D = 25mm
C=6D
E=2,5 D

B=40D

10
 Prior to cutting, stirrup reinforcing bar length to be measured from
8.C. STIRRUPS construction drawings, including the bends & hooks. The length is
2
determined based on the stirrup axis with formula:
1 perimeter of column / beam + 2 x hook length - 8 x concrete

2 (A + B) + 2(C + E) - 8F = 496 mm
cover from stirrup axis
B Example: stirrup of column 12x12 cm using bar�� �8mm:
A = column width at one side = 120mm
B = column width at the other side = 120mm
C

A C = 6D = 48mm
=
6D

E = 2,5D = 20mm
D = bar diameter = 8mm
F = concrete cover from stirrup axis = 15mm
Formula: 2 (A + B) + 2 (C + E) - 8F
Length of stirrup bar:
3 = 2 (A + B) + 2 (C + E) - 8F
= 2 (120 + 120) + 2 (48 + 20) - 8 x 15
= 496mm = 49,6cm

C
F = 1,5 cm 4 5

A + B - 4F = 180 mm
concrete cover length of reinforcing bar bend
thickness 1,5cm C 90 mm from (B - 2F)
B - 2F = 90 mm
2 (A + B) - 8F = 360 mm

from stirrup axis

2,5D C C

B - 2F = 90 mm
2,5D
D
45
E= 2A + B - 6F = 270 mm
2,5D
C
6D 6
B - 2F = 90 mm

C=
A - 2F = 90 mm
both ends of the stirrups stirrups are bent
are bent 6D = 60mm finally, the stirrups are bent 90mm from
D at an angle of 45o 90mm from (A - 2F )
=6 (B - 2F)
C

A - 2F = 90 mm

11

9. SEISMIC RESISTANT DETAILING OF JOINTS

Corner Joint 40D
IMPORTANT: 15cm 15cm
- reinforcing bar diameter
! - bending method
- joint detailing
40D

beam beam
reinforcing bar min.��
�10 mm
15cm

stirrup min.��
�8 mm
length < 15cm Top View Top View
40D 40D
beam Middle Joint

column
15cm 15cm
beam
BENDING METHOD
15cm
6D

45 Side View Side View

column
Example:
D = 10mm Joint
40D = 400mm
40D = 40cm 40D

12
 10. FOUNDATION BEAM REINFORCING DETAILING
10.A. MIDDLE JOINT 10.A. CORNER JOINT
column reinforcing bar
min. ��10mm >40
cm
>40
cm anchor min. �
�10mm, length > 40cm
every 6 layers of brick

beam reinforcing bars

min.�� �10mm

reinforcing bars
min.�� �10mm

beam reinforcing bars

min.�� �10mm

stirrups min. ��8mm

Top View distance < 15cm Top View
40D

40D 40D 40D

13

11. PREPARING CONCRETE MIX 2 Add 2 pails of

sand & mix
1 First step, pour 3 properly with a
pails of gravel &
mix properly with hoe.
a hoe.

mix properly
with a hoe

gravel & sand is

mixed evenly with
a hoe

4 After the three ingredients are

3 Subsequently ,add one properly mixed.
pail of cement & mix gravel, sand &
properly with a hoe. cement is gravel, sand &
mixed properly cement that are
with a hoe already mixed
properly

14
 Form a depression in the center.
5 6 Add ½ pail of water & mix properly.
mix properly
with a hoe

Finally test the concrete mix consistency by

Concrete mix that meets standard requirement: 7 placing in your hand.
Materials needed for 1 m3 of concrete:
3
0,125 m water
3 Example: too much water good
0,250 m cement
3
0,500 m sand
3
0,750 m gravel

The ratio of water : cement : sand : gravel

1 : 2 : 4 : 6
or
½ : 1 : 2 : 3

15

12. PLACING CONCRETE IN FOUNDATION BEAM Mix properly with appropriate

amount of water
15 cm
Concrete Mix:
concrete mix: 1 cement : 2 sand : 3 gravel

stirrup min. �
�8mm
distance < 15 cm 1 pc (cement) 2 sand 3 gravel
Expected min. compressive strength:
20 cm

reinforcing bar��
�10mm
= 150 kg/cm2
surface must be horizontal
stirrup min. �
�8mm
distance < 15 cm concrete cover
reinforcing bar��
�10mm
concrete cover 2,5cm
from axis of main reinforcing bar
spreader 5/7 cm
CURING: stud 5/7 cm
� Before & after the form work is removed,
it must be sprayed routinely. brace 5/7 cm
� This applies to all reinforced nailed to stake
concrete components. & stud

stake 5/7 cm
form work
sheathing
20mm
foundation
beam rubble stone
foundation

16
 13. PLUMBNESS OF BRICK LAYING AND COLUMNS
Walls and columns must be plumb and can be done using plumb lines and pins (cord & plumb bob).
Corners of walls must be perpendicular.

A: distance of plumb
A line to the column

vertical vertical
plumb line timber pole 4/6 cm plumb line
timber pole 4/6 cm
timber pole 4/6 cm
as form work bracing column
reinforcing

brick form work

Note:
work Columns form work must be
supported on 4 sides to
warrant plumbness.
A

plumb bob
plumb
foundation bob
beam foundation
beam

17

14. BRICK WALL reinforcing bar min.�� 10mm

quality
stirrup min. ��8mm bricks
Mortar Mix: mortar thickness 1,5 cm distance < 15 cm DO NOT
mortar mix 1 pc : 4 sand
anchor min. � �10mm, break
1 pc (cement) 4 sand length > 40cm
surface must be
horizontal every 6 layers of brick
mixed properly & add water
appropriately half brick masonry wall
bricks must be soaked column 12x12cm 1/4 1/2 1/4
minimum 10 minutes prior to
laying & shall be layed
foundation beam poor
immediately 15x20 cm quality
bricks
mortar thickness 1,5 cm break
mortar mix 1 pc : 4 sand
cord

+ 1,5 cm
6,5cm 6,5cm 6,5cm

5 cm

+ 1,5cm

+ 1,5cm

Pull a cord to lay each layer of brick

plus 1,5cm. The cord serve as
horizontal guidance.
timber pole 5/7 cm along wall height
erected to act as pilot for brick laying in
the vertical direction
brick wall
cord

Curing: half brick masonry wall

column brick wall must be Timber pole to fix the cord is marked for every level of brick plus
sprayed periodically 1,5cm. The string is removed if the brick layer is completed.
Top View

18
 15. REINFORCING BAR DETAILING AND PLACING CONCRETE IN COLUMNS
12cm concrete mix: 1 cement : 2 sand : 3 gravel
Top View

r.c. column stirrup min. �

�8mm
Concrete Mix:
distance < 15 cm

12 cm
form work reinforcing bar
2/20 cm 1 pc (cement) 2 sand 3 gravel
min.�� 10mm
Mix properly; add water appropriately.
mortar thickness 1,5 cm concrete cover 2,5cm Expected min. compressive strength
mortar mix 1 pc : 4 sand from axis of main reinforcing bar of concrete = 150 kg/cm2
brick wall
Reinforcing Detailing
40D 40D

r.c. beam
beam reinforcing bar column reinforcing bar
4� 10-12mm 4�10-12mm
beam stirrup min. �
�8mm
10 cm distance < 15 cm column stirrup min. �
�8mm
distance < 15 cm
12 cm foundation beam reinforcing bar
4� 10-12mm foundation beam stirrup
all form work must be min. ��8mm distance < 15 cm
foundation beam
tailored made & shall not
use arbitrary planks

stake 4/6 cm
40D 40D

19

15.A.I. PLACING CONCRETE IN COLUMN II. PHASE I PLACING CONCRETE IN COLUMN AFTER
SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH BRICK LAYING THE HALF HEIGHT BRICK WALL IS ERECTED
anchor min. � �10mm,
Column reinforcing bars supported by timber length > 40cm
bracing to prevent bending/leaning every 6 layers of brick
half brick wall is provided with
1 toothed edges to be filled with
half wall height

2 concrete
reinforcing column reinforcing bar
bars 1/4 1/4

column is column with toothed edges brick wall

timber brace
straight
4/6 cm
3 rough surface brick at
junction with column
1 1/2

brace 4/6 cm nailed to form work

half wall height

form work half wall height

timber bracing
rough surface brick at
junction with column

Curing:
brick wall & concrete must
be sprayed periodically
stake 4/6 cm

20 2
 II. PHASE I PLACING CONCRETE IN COLUMN AFTER III. PHASE II PLACING CONCRETE IN COLUMN
THE HALF HEIGHT BRICK WALL IS ERECTED
form work is erected
4
1 for the second half 2

second half
wall height
wall height
placing concrete
after half height

second half
wall height
brick wall is erected placing concrete
half wall height

after the brick wall

is completed

5
to compact the
concrete, a steel rod
�12mm is used to
the form work

second half
tramp & a club hammer

wall height
to tap the sides can be removed
minimum 3 days
half wall height

afer placing
concrete

3 4
club hammer

Curing:
brick wall & concrete column is straight column with toothed
must be sprayed edges brick wall
periodically Note: placing concrete is done in
one run & NOT IN STAGES

21

15.B.I. PLACING CONCRETE IN COLUMNS IN II. PLACING CONCRETE LOWER III. PLACING CONCRETE UPPER
STAGES PRIOR TO THE BRICK LAYING HALF OF THE COLUMN HALF OF THE COLUMN

anchor min. � �10mm,

length > 40cm the form work can
every 6 layers of brick be removed
minimum 3 days afer
placing concrete
column reinforcing bar
min.��10mm Note: columns are
column height

supported on 4 sides Curing:

form work to warrant plumbness concrete must
erected full during placing of be sprayed
height on 3 sides concrete. periodically

form work is erected to compact the concrete,

half column height
club hammer a steel rod �
12mm is
half column height

used to tramp & a club

hammer to tap the sides
brace 4/6 cm
nailed to stud
form work stud 4/6 cm
timber bracing
4/6 cm to support
form work

Note: placing concrete is done

in one run and NOT IN
STAGES

22
 15.C. PLACING CONCRETE IN FULL HEIGHT COLUMNS
PRIOR TO BRICK LAYING

Note: columns are

supported on 4 sides
to warrant plumbness to compact the concrete,
during placing of a steel rod �
12mm is
concrete. used to tramp & a club
hammer to tap the sides

anchor min. � �10mm,

length > 40cm
every 6 layers of brick
column height

column height
brace 4/6 cm to tie club hammer
form work
(when needed,
number of bracing
can be added)

timber bracing
4/6 cm
to support form work is erected full
form work column height & ready for the form work can
placing concrete be removed
minimum 3 days
Curing: afer placing
concrete must concrete
be sprayed
periodically

Note: placing concrete is done in one run and NOT IN STAGES

23

16. JOINT DETAILS AND PLACING CONCRETE IN BEAMS

concrete mix: Concrete Mix:
stud 5/7 cm every 1m 1 cement : 2 sand : 3 gravel
spreader 2/3 cm every 1m
stirrup min. �
�8mm
cleat 5/7 cm every 50cm distance < 15 cm 1 pc (cement) 3 gravel
2 sand
(if deemed necessary)
20cm

tie wire reinforcing bar Mix properly; add water appropriately.

min.�� 10mm Expected min. compressive strength
reinforced concrete beam
of concrete = 150 kg/cm2
brace 5/7 cm
nail 7cm concrete cover 2,5cm
brace 5/7 cm from axis of main reinforcing bar
12cm reinforcing bar min.��
10mm
sheathing 2cm brick work
reinforcing bar min.��
10mm
40 D
concrete surface must be leveled stirrup min. �
�8mm 40 D
distance < 15 cm
sheathing 2cm
cleat 5/7 cm every 50cm
(if deemed necessary)
tie wire
nail 7cm
brace 5/7 cm
spreader 2/3 cm every 1m stirrup min. �
�8mm
reinforcing bar min.��
10mm distance < 15 cm
stud 5/7 cm every 1m
Curing:
brace 5/7 cm brick wall & concrete must
brick work be sprayed periodically
reinforced concrete column

24
 17. TIMBER ROOF TRUSSES
purlin 6/12 cm
timber bracing wooden pin min. � 10mm
to tie trusses
iron sheet 4.40 mm /
6/12 cm
plank 20.100 mm
bolt min. � 10 mm

8/12 cm
m
bolt min. �
10 mm 2c
8/1

8/1
purlin 6/12 cm

2c
steel clams 4.40 mm

m
8/1
2c
m
r.c. beam12/20 cm

column
12/12 cm
m cm

8/12 cm
2c 2
8/1 8/1
purlin
6/12 cm
6/12 cm
cleat cm
8/12

cm tool to twist anchor bars made

8/12 cm 8/12
of galvanized iron pipe > � 3“
bolt min. � 10 mm
iron sheet 4.40 mm / with 2 holes
bolt min. �
10 mm plank 20.100 mm anchor min. � 10mm, length >40cm

25

18. GABLE WALL

40d 40d
reinforcing bar min.��
10mm

stirrup min. �
�8mm
distance < 15 cm

40d
40d

40d 40d
40d

stirrup min. �
�8mm
40d 40d distance < 15 cm
reinforcing bar min.��
10mm

26
 19. ROOF COVERING ridge
ridge cover
cover ridge 6/12 cm
galvanized iron screw
sheet roof
purlin 6/12 cm
cleat
roof truss
8/12 cm

screw
cm galvanized iron galvanized iron
20
sheet roof sheet roof

screw cm
20
purlin 6/12 cm
cleat
purlin 6/12 cm
roof truss fascia 2/25 cm cleat
8/12 cm
fascia beam
6/12 cm roof truss 8/12 cm
galvanized iron
Advantage of galvanized
sheet roof
iron sheet roofing: roof truss
- Light in weight + 8/12 cm
- Easy to install lead washer purlin 6/12 cm
cleat
ready to fix
screw roof cover fascia beam
2/25 cm

27

REFERENCES
[1] Boen, T., “Reconstruction of Houses in Aceh, Seven Months after the Earthquake dan Tsunami, Dec 26, 2004.” ICUS Conference, Singapore,
2005.
[2] Boen, T., “Nias / Simeulue Earthquake March 28, 2005.” EERI Journal, Vol.39, 2005.
[3] Boen, T. and Jigyasu, R., “Cultural Considerations for Post Disaster Reconstruction Post-Tsunami Challenges.” UNDP Conference, 2005.
[4] Boen, T., “Membangun Rumah Tembokan Tahan Gempa”, 2005.
[5] Boen, T., “Sumatra Earthquake, 26 December 2004.” Special Report ICUS, 2005.
[6] Boen, T., “Earthquake Resistant Design of Non-Engineered Buildings in Indonesia.” EASEC Conference, Bali, Indonesia, 2003.
[7] American Concrete Institute, ACI 318-02, 2002.
[8] Boen, T., “Earthquake Resistant Design of Non Engineered Buildings in Indonesia.” EQTAP Conference, Kamakura, 2001.
[9] Boen, T., “Earthquake Resistant Design of Non Engineered Buildings in Indonesia.” EQTAP Conference, Bali, 2001.
[10] Boen, T., et. al., “Post Earthquake Disaster Relocation: Indonesia's Experience.” APEC Conference, Taiwan, 2001.
[11] Boen, T., “Impact of Earthquake on School Buildings in Indonesia.” EQTAP Conference, Kobe, Jepang, 2001.
[12] Boen, T., “Disaster Mitigation of Non Engineered Buildings in Indonesia.” EQTAP Conference, Manila, 2001.
[13] Boen, T., Gempa Bumi Bengkulu: Fenomena, dan Perbaikan / Perkuatan Bangunan (Berdasarkan Hasil Pengamatan terhadap Bangunan-
Bangunan yang Rusak akibat Gempa Bumi Bengkulu, 4 Juni 2000), 2000.
[14] Fanella, David A., Seismic Detailing of Concrete Buidings, Portland Cement Association, 2000.
[15] Tomazevic, Miha, Earthquake Resistant Design of Masonry Buildings, Imperial College Press 1999.
[16] Pande, et. al., Computer Methods in Structural Masonry, Proceeding 4th International Symposium on Computer Methods in Structural Masonry,
1998.
[17] Boen, T., Bencana Gempa Bumi: Fenomena, Akibat, dan Perbaikan / Perkuatan Bangunan yang Rusak (Berdasarkan Hasil Pengamatan terhadap
Bangunan-Bangunan yang Rusak akibat Gempa Bumi Biak, 17 Februari 1996), 1996.
[18] Shah, H., and Boen, T., Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Model for Indonesia, 1996.
[19] Kicklighter, Modern Masonry: Brick, Block, Stone, Goodheart-Wilcox Publisher, 1996.
[20] Boen, T., Manual Perbaikan dan Perkuatan Bangunan yang Rusak akibat Gempa Bumi (Berdasarkan Hasil Pengamatan terhadap Bangunan yang
Rusak akibat Gempa Bumi Kerinci, 7 Oktober 1995), 1995.
[21] Boen, T., Earthquake Hazard Mitigation in Developing Countries, the Indonesian Experience, 1994.
[22] Boen, T., Manual Perbaikan Bangunan yang Rusak akibat Gempa Bumi (Hasil Survey Gempa Lampung Barat, 16 Februari 1994), 1994.
[23] Boen, T., Anjuran Perbaikan Detail Struktur Bangunan Sederhana yag Rusak akibat Gempa Bumi (Hasil Surey Gempa Bumi Halamahera, 21-1-
1994) , 1994.
[24] Boen, T., Manual Perbaikan Bangunan Sederhana yang Rusak akibat Gempa Bumi Flores, Desember 1992.
[25] Pauley & Priestley, Seismic Design of Reinforce and Masonry, John Wiley & Sons, Canada, Ltd, 1992.
[26] Brett, Peter, Formwork and Concrete Practice, Heineman Professional Publishing, 1988.

28
[27] Curtin, Shaw, Beck, Structural Masonry Designers Manual, BSP Professional Books, 1987.
[28] IAEE Committee on Non-Engineered Construction, Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant Non-Engineered Construction, The International Association
for Earthquake Engineering, 1986.
[29] CIB/W-73, “Small Buildings and Community Development.” Proceedings, International Conference on Natural Hazards Mitigation Research and
Practice, 1984.
[30] Boen, T., Manual Bangunan Tahan Gempa (Rumah Tinggal), 1978.
[31] National Science Foundation, Earthquake Resistant Masonry Construction: National Workshop, 1977.
[32] Sharma, S.K. dan Kaul, B.K., A Text Book of Building Construction, S. Chand dan Co. (Pvt) Ltd., 1976.
[33] Fintel, Mark, Handbook of Concrete Engineering, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1974.
[34] Neville, A.M., Properties of Concrete, Pitman Publishing, 1973.
[35] Sahlin, Sven, Structural Masonry, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1971.
[36] Unesco, Reinforced Concrete, an International Manual, Butterworths, 1971.
[37] Boen, T., Dasar-Dasar Perencanaan Bangunan Tahan Gempa, 1969.
[38] Portland Cement Association, Concrete Technology, Student Manual, D.B. Taraporevala Sons dan Co. Private Ltd,. 1969.
[39] Rooseno, Beton Tulang, Pembangunan Djakarta, 1954.

WORLD SEISMIC SAFETY INITIATIVE

TEDDY BOEN

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