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MATERI PERKULIAHAN AKRUM

DIRECTION AND INSTRUCTION

Read the simple dialogue and answer the questions!

Dialogue 1

Visitor : Excuse me, Could you tell me where the hospital is?
Passer by : Sorry. I don’t know where it is. Where do you come from?
Visitor : I come from England.
Passer by : Well, you could ask the police over there. I am a stranger here.
Visitor : Well, thanks anyway.

Dialogue 2

Visitor : Excuse me, Could you tell me where the hospital is?
Passer by : Uh. Let me think (For a moment). It’s down this street. Get the cross road.
Then , turn left on it. It ‘s about three blocks. The hospital is in the right side
of the road.
Visitor : Thank a lot.
Passer by : You’re (very) welcome.

Practice 1.

Ask for directions to the places below. Your partner is a stranger in town and can’t help you.
Example:
 Excuse me. Would you know how to get to the hospital (from here)?
Could you tell me where the hospital is?

 Sorry, I’m not sure where it is.

I don’t know.

 Well, thanks anyway.

1. The post office.

2. The police station
3. The hotel
4. The super market.
5. The King Street.

Practice 2.

Ask for directions to the places according to the map. Your partner is so familiar with the town and
can help you.
Example:
 Excuse me. Would you know how to get to the hospital (from here)?
Could you tell me where the hospital is?
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 Uh, let me see now Go straight on. Turn left at the junction.
think (for a moment) And go ahead. It’s in left side after the Hotel.

 Well, thanks anyway. Super Market

Police
Restaurant
1. The post office. Post Office

2. The police station Movie

3. The hotel Hotel

4. The super market. Hospital X

5. The Hospital x

INSTRUCTION

1. Polite Request
Example:
a. Using May
 Excuse me, My I know where the campus is?.
 May I have a seat, please?
 Etc.
b. Using Would / Could
 Excuse me, could/would you tell me what your complaint is?
 Etc.
c. Using Would like to
 Excuse me, would you like to tell me what your complaint is?
 Etc.
d. Using Would … mind + V.Ing
 Excuse me, would you mind rolling up your sleeve, please?
 Etc.

2. Command Sentence
Example:
e. Using Verb I
 Send her to the clinic.
 Talk to the doctor.
 Etc.
f. Sing Verb To Be
 Be a good midwife ( Noun)
 Be on time. ( Adverb)
 Be nice to everybody ( Adjective)

3. Prohibition
Example:
a. Using Verb I
 Don’t Send her to the clinic.
 Don’t Talk to the doctor.
 Etc.
b. Sing Verb To Be
 Don’t Be a lier ( Noun)
 Don’t Be late. ( Adverb)
 Don’t Be careless ( Adjective)
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 Etc.

4. Obligation
Example:
a. Using Must
 You must do your exercise
 You must be on time.
 Etc.
b. Using Have To
 You have to obey the rules.
 You have to drink according to the instructions.
 Etc

5. Suggestion or Advice
Example:
 You should go to midwife not to the nurse
 Etc.

TERMS OF FOLLOWING DIRECTION

1. Cross Road

2. Junction

3. T Junction

4. Go ahead / Go straight on ( Lurus)

5. Turn Right

6. Turn Left

7. Go Up / Down
A B C
8. A In the opposite of D
D
B in the middle of A and C
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Preposition
General Preposition

A preposition is generally used to show the relationship between its object and other words
in the sentence. The kinds of relationships which can be shown are as follows:
1. Place (in,on,under,over,etc)
The cotton is in the desk drawer.
2. Direction (to,toward,into,etc)
The student nurse run into the class.
3. Time (in,on,at,etc)
We can meet at three o’clock.
4. Agent (by)
This book was written by OPNET
5. Instrument (by,with)
I heard the news by telephone. ( communication ).
She came by plane. ( transportation )
He opened the door with a key. ( instrument, tool )
NOTE : Use by + N (no article) for communication and transportation.
Examples: by phone,by radio,by telegram and by train,by car and by
boat.
6. Accompaniment (with)
They like spaghetti with red sauce.
Mrs.Jones went to the clinic with her husband.
7. Purpose (for)
He went to the store for bread.
NOTE :Never use for + V + Ing to Express the purpose of the verb.
Example: He went to the store for buying bread.
WRONG
8. Partition / possession (of)
He broke the top of the table.
9. Measure (by,of)
We buy medicine by the pound.
Please buy a quart of milk.
10. Similarity (like)
John looks like his father
11. Capacity (as)
Bill worked as a lifeguard this summer.
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Exercise 1
Fill in the blank with at, on or in

1. ……….Monday, I go on duty………seven o’clock…………the morning and off

duty……………..two o’clock………………….the afternoon.
2. We study English …………Monday and Thursday
3. It begins ………12.30 a.m. I always go to class with my friend.
4. He never works……………night.
5. He was born …………..1975.
6. His birthday is…………January.
7. Our examination will be ………the end of this month.
8. We have holidays…………….Sunday
9. Sometimes ………….the evening, we always watch ‘Cinema ‘together with
friends.
10. …………night we get home

Exercise 2
Complete the following sentences with the correct word from this list on , by , as ,
from , back , off , up , of , in ,for , to , with , down , out , against .
1. He’s got a pain ……………. his chest.
2. Would you lie down…………the examination couch , please ?
3. She works……………………a surgical ward.
4. They always go ………….work…………..bus.
5. When she’s……………an early shift , she goes…………..duty at 7 a..m.
6. This morning we are attending lectures …………..physiology and hygiene.
7. This patient has a rash………………..his stomach.
8. Mary is now working……………….a staff nurse in an ear, nose and throat ward.
9. Jane is learning to set trolleys……………..sterile procedures.
10. This patient is suffering…………………cerebral haemorrhage.
11. The sister is explaining………………..the students the doses of various drugs.
12. This equipment is obtained…………….the C.S.S.D.
13. The trolleys are mopped………………an antiseptic.
14. Sterile equipment is placed……………..the top shelf…………….the trolley.
15. Sterile instruments are handled………………..Cheatle’s forceps.
16. Ask the patient to roll…………….his sleeve , please .
17. Ask Mr.Smith to take……………..his shirt , please.
18. Now ask him to put it………………..again
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