405 STRAIGHT LINE

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5.1 Basic of a Straight Line c ) P(2, 4) and Q(7, 8)

Distance between two point

Midpoint between two point

41

d ) M(3, 5) and N(–6, –1)

117

2) Find the midpoint each of the following

a ) (5, 3) and (1, 7)
Note :  5 1 3  7
= , 
Midpoint for square, rhombus,  2 2 
rectangular and parallelogram are the
intersecting of its diagonal.  6 10
= , 
2 2 
=  3,5
Exercise 5.1
1 ) Find the distance for each of the (
following pair of points 3, 5)
a ) A(1, 1) and B(−4, 3)
b ) (–2, 4) and (3, 8)
AB =  x 2  x1  2   y 2  y1  2
=   4  1 2   3  1 2
=   5 2  22
= 25 4
= 29 unit

1 
 ,6
b ) C(−3, 2) and D(1, 5) 2 
CD =  x 2  x1  2   y 2  y1  2
c ) (–6, 8) and (–2, 2)

(–4, 5 )

25 = 5

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 4 40

 d ) (8, 1) and (–4, –7) b)

( 2, –3) c)

5.2 Gradient of a Straight Line

d)

e)

f)

2 ) Solve each of the following

a) R( h, 1)
Exercise 5.2
Q( 2, 6)
1 ) Calculate the gradient each of the 1 6 5
following 
Q( 2, 6) h2 3
a)
P(-2, 1) 5 5

y2  y1 h2 3
m
x2  x1 The gradient of QR is 3 h  2
6 1 5 3 2 h
m  , find the value of
2    2 3 5 h
5 h.
m
4

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 4 41

 b) g)

5
The gradient of PQ is
4 Find the gradient of JKL
, find the value of m. and the coordinate of J.

c)
h)

The gradient of AB is
−4, find the coordinate
of point A.
Find the gradient of ABC
d) and the coordinate of P.

i)

1
The gradient of KL is ,
3
find the coordinate of
point L.
e) Find the gradient of BCD
and the coordinate of C.

j)

Find the gradient of PQR

and the value of k.

f)

5.3 Intercepts ( Pintasan )

Find the gradient of ABC
and the coordinate of B. Intercepts

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 4 42

 d)

e)
Theorem Pythagoras

f)

( hypo)2 = (opp)2 + (adj)2

c2 = a2 + b 2

Sequences of favourite theorem

Pythagoras
g)

Exercise 5.3
h)
1 ) Determine the x-intercept and y-
intercept for each of the following
a)
x-
intercept=−3
y-intercept= 2

the coordinates each the

2 ) Find all
following diagrams.
a)
b) Q ( 5,
0)
R
( 0,10 )

c)

OR = 10 units.
b)

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 4 43

 L is a midpoint of KM.
c)

The gradient of two point P( x1, y1)

and Q( x 2 , y 2 ) is
y 2  y1
d) m
x 2  x1
The equation of the straight line PQ
is
y  mx  c

Intercept Form
AB = 10 units.
e)

b
PQ =QR = 5 units. The gradient is m
a

f) The equation of the straight line is

x y
 1
a b

Exercise 5.4A
1 ) Form the equations of straight line
each of the following
a) y = 3x + 2

5.4 Equation of A Straight Line

Three form of Straight Line

a ) Gradient Form
mgradient,
y  mx  c
b)
cy-intercept
b) Intercept Form
x y ax-intercept,
 1 by-intercept
a b
c ) General Form
ax  by  c  0 c)

Gradient Form

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 4 44

 d)

2 ) Determine x-intercept each of the

e) following.
y = 2x + c
a) x-
2(3) + c =
intercept(y=0)
4
y  3x  6
c=4−
6 0  3x  6
c = −2 6  3x
6
y = 2x −2 x  2
f) 3
x-intercept =
−2
b)

g)

c)

h)

d)

i)

e)
j)

f)
Determine x−intercept and
y−intercept from a given straight
line

3 ) Determine y-intercept each of the

following.

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 4 45

 a) y-intercept(x=0)
y  2x  5 Equation of Parallel Lines
y  0 5
y 5
y-intercept =
5

b)

Or

c)

d)

Exercise 5.5
1 ) Find the equation of straight line that
passes through the given point and
e)
parallel to x−axis for each of the
following
a)
y=4

f)

b)

c)
5.5 Parallel Lines ( Garis selari )

Parallel Lines

d)

Straight Lines
y  m1 x  c1 and
y  m2 x  c2 are parallel if
m1  m2

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 4 46

 e) 2 5  3  1  k 0  3x  13
10  3  k 13 3x
10  3  k 13
x
13  k 3
Parallel line MN
2 y  3x  13
2 y  3x  13 13
2 ) Find the equation of straight line that x
3
passes through the given point and
parallel to y−axis for each of the b)
following
a)
x=3

Answer

b)

c)
2y  x  9

c)

d)

Answer

e)

5 y  2x  27

3 ) Find the parallel line of MN, hence find d)

the x−intercept of that parallel line for
each of the following
a)

Answer

Answer
2y  3x  k M(−1, x−intercept ( y = 0)
5) 2 y  3x  13

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 4 47

 3 y  2x  6
2x  y  6
e)
c)

Answer
Answer

y  3x  3

4 ) Find the parallel line of MN, hence find 2x  3 y  2

the y−intercept of that parallel line for
each of the following d)
a)

Answer
Answer
x  y  k ..M(−2, y−intercept (x = 0)
4) x y2
2  4  k 0 y  2
2 k y 2
Parallel line MN
x y2
x y 2 y2

y  3x  13

e)
b)

Answer
Answer

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 4 48

 2 y  3x  11

5 ) The diagram shows line GH parallel to

line KJ. Given that the equation of line
3 Solution
GH is y   x  3 , find
4
a ) The gradient of line GJ
b ) The quation of line KJ
c ) The x−intercept of line KJ

Solution

3x  y  3
x  int ercept  1
B( 0, −3 )

7 ) In the diagram, AB ia parallel to the

x−axis and AD is parallel to BC. Given
5 that the gradient of AD is −4, find
m
3 a ) The value of a
3 21 b ) The equation of BC
y x
4 4 c ) The coordinate of C
x  int ercept  7
6 ) In the diagram, straight line AB is
parallel to straight line CD. Given that
the equation of straight line CD is
3x  y  9 , find
a ) The equation of straight line AB
b ) The x−intercept of straight line AB
c ) The coordinate of B Solution

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 4 49

 x  int ercept  12
2
y x4
3
x  int ercept  6

9 ) In the diagram, EF is parallel to OG.

1
Given that the gradient of OG is .
2
Find
a ) The value of p
b ) The equation of EF
c ) The x−intercept of EF

a=4
y  4x  12
C( 3, 0 )

8 ) In the diagram, ABCD is rectangle. The Solution

2
equation of line AD is y  x  8 . Find
3
a ) The x−intercept of AD
b ) The equation of BC
c ) The x−intercept of BC

Solution

p3
1
y x8
2
x  int ercept  16
10 ) In the diagram, ABCD is rectangle and
PQ is parallel to SR. The equation of
1
line PQ is y  x  4 . Find
2
a ) The equation of SR
Modul Matematik Tingkatan 4 50
 b ) The x−intercept of SR
c ) The coordinate of S

Solution

p = –9

1
y x 1
2
x  int ercept  2
B( −2, 0 )

11 ) Find the equation of the straight line

that passes through the point (2, 3)
and is parallel to the straight line
5x  2 y  1

Solution

5x  2 y  16

12 ) If the straight line 2x  6 y  5  0 is

parallel to the straight line
3x  py  8  0 , find the value of p.

Solution

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 4 51