LESSON 1.

BRANCHES OF SCIENCE
 INTRODUCTION
Before science became the science that we
know today, natural phenomena were explain based
only on personal observations and understanding.
During the time of the Greek mathematician,
Pythagoras, arithmetic, geometry, music, and
astronomy were recognized as science.
 SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS
In the 19th Century, scientists finally realized
2
that pure mathematics was not science because it
was a series of logical relations that did not depend
on the laws of nature. But because mathematics is
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟
often used in the study of science, it is now
considered as an allied field. Mathematics is
referred to as the language of science since it is
𝜕𝑦
used to communicate the results obtained in
scientific work.

𝑛
𝑛
𝜕𝑥𝑛 𝑘 𝑛−𝑘
∞ 𝑥 + 𝑎 = 𝑥 𝑎
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎𝑛 cos
𝑛𝜋𝑥
+ 𝑏𝑛 sin
𝑛𝜋𝑥 𝑘
𝐿 𝐿 𝑘=0
𝑛=1
 SCIENCE

Pure Science Applied Science Technology

Life Science Earth Science

 SCIENCE

Pure Science Applied Science Technology

Life Science Earth Science

BOTANY PHYSICS GEOLOGY
ZOOLOGY CHEMISTRY PALEONTOLOGY
ASTRONOMY OCEANOGRAPHY
GENETICS
 LIFE SCIENCE
LIFE SCIENCE, also known as BIOLOGY, studies all
aspects of living things. It studies the behavior, history,
and development of living organisms.
JEAN –BAPTISTE LAMARCK (French): introduced the term “biology” in
the 1800s. Some of the subdivisions of the life science are these
following:

BOTANY : the study of plants

ZOOLOGY: the study of animals
GENETICS: the study of the function
and behavior of genes
 LIFE SCIENCE
LIFE SCIENCE, also known as BIOLOGY, studies all
aspects of living things. It studies the behavior, history,
and development of living organisms.
THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY (British Biologist) 1825 -1895:
insisted that all living things be studied in an integrated
way. Today, scientists appreciate Huxley’s way of thinking
because many lower organisms are now categorized as
neither plant nor animal.
The LIFE SCIENCES may be subdivided according to
units of study: molecule, cell, organisms, or even LIFE SCIENCE
population. The following divisions of life sciences
developed through the years:

BIOMEDICINE : is the
application of
biological
knowledge to
human health.
The LIFE SCIENCES may be subdivided according to
units of study: molecule, cell, organisms, or even LIFE SCIENCE
population. The following divisions of life sciences
developed through the years:

CELLULAR BIOLOGY (Cytology):

sometimes referred to as cell biology,
aims to understand the properties,
structure, activities, and functions of the
cell, from the simplest to the most
complex organism.
The LIFE SCIENCES may be subdivided according to
units of study: molecule, cell, organisms, or even LIFE SCIENCE
population. The following divisions of life sciences
developed through the years:

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: is the study of

the growth and development of
organisms. It is the study of life processes.
Biologist study life processes in two ways.
One is by studying the metabolic
pathway is a cell (in vivo) and the other is
by studying isolated portions of the cell in
a test tube and simulating the normal
environment of the cell (in vitro).
The LIFE SCIENCES may be subdivided according to
units of study: molecule, cell, organisms, or even LIFE SCIENCE
population. The following divisions of life sciences
developed through the years:

ECOLOGY: is the study of all the

interaction in the environment.
The LIFE SCIENCES may be subdivided according to
units of study: molecule, cell, organisms, or even LIFE SCIENCE
population. The following divisions of life sciences
developed through the years:

EMBYOLOGY: deals with the study of

development of the embryo.
The LIFE SCIENCES may be subdivided according to
units of study: molecule, cell, organisms, or even LIFE SCIENCE
population. The following divisions of life sciences
developed through the years:

HISTOLOGY: is the study

of tissues.
The LIFE SCIENCES may be subdivided according to
units of study: molecule, cell, organisms, or even LIFE SCIENCE
population. The following divisions of life sciences
developed through the years:

PHYSIOLOGY: Deals with the

functions and activities of life and
living matter.
The PHYSICAL SCIENCE deals
with matter and energy. Some
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
of its subdivisions are:

PHYSICS: the study of the

interaction
between matter
and energy.
The PHYSICAL SCIENCE deals
with matter and energy. Some
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
of its subdivisions are:
The PHYSICAL SCIENCE deals
with matter and energy. Some
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
of its subdivisions are:

CHEMISTRY: the study of the

composition of matter
and the changes it
undergoes.
The PHYSICAL SCIENCE deals
with matter and energy. Some
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
of its subdivisions are:

ASTRONOMY: the study of heavenly

bodies.
The EARTH SCIENCE ,also known as GEOSCIENCE,
or the study of Earth and its neighbors, used to be
a part of physical sciences. Now, it stands apart a EARTH SCIENCE
Earth faces more and more critical problems.
Earth science is further subdivided into specific
fields of study, some of which are:
The EARTH SCIENCE ,also known as GEOSCIENCE,
or the study of Earth and its neighbors, used to be
a part of physical sciences. Now, it stands apart a EARTH SCIENCE
Earth faces more and more critical problems.
Earth science is further subdivided into specific
fields of study, some of which are:

GEOLOGY: the study of the

history and the
structure of Earth.
The EARTH SCIENCE ,also known as GEOSCIENCE,
or the study of Earth and its neighbors, used to be
a part of physical sciences. Now, it stands apart a EARTH SCIENCE
Earth faces more and more critical problems.
Earth science is further subdivided into specific
fields of study, some of which are:

PALEOLOGY: the study of

prehistoric life
through fossil
remains.
The EARTH SCIENCE ,also known as GEOSCIENCE,
or the study of Earth and its neighbors, used to be
a part of physical sciences. Now, it stands apart a EARTH SCIENCE
Earth faces more and more critical problems.
Earth science is further subdivided into specific
fields of study, some of which are:

OCEANOGRAPHY: the study of

the physical, chemical,
and biological aspects
of the oceans the
ocean floor, mapping,
and measuring of the
Earth’s surface
underwater.
The EARTH SCIENCE ,also known as GEOSCIENCE,
or the study of Earth and its neighbors, used to be
a part of physical sciences. Now, it stands apart a EARTH SCIENCE
Earth faces more and more critical problems.
Earth science is further subdivided into specific
fields of study, some of which are:

METEOLOGY: the study of the

Earth’s weather and
the atmosphere.
The EARTH SCIENCE ,also known as GEOSCIENCE,
or the study of Earth and its neighbors, used to be
a part of physical sciences. Now, it stands apart a EARTH SCIENCE
Earth faces more and more critical problems.
Earth science is further subdivided into specific
fields of study, some of which are:

PETROLOGY: the study of rocks.