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Section I

Group Question

Answer the following questions based on the information given below.

The following graph shows the value of liquor supplied by 5 states in 1996 and the excise duty rates in each state.

The amount of liquor supplied in 5 distilleries in Tamil Nadu i.e. A, B, C, D, E (from bottom to top) in lakh litres is shown in the graph below.

1. What is the lowest percentage difference in the excise duty rates for any two states?
3 Marks

1) 13

2) 15

3) 20

4) Indeterminate

Solution:
The approximate excise duty per liter for each state is:

TN : Rs. 25

AP : Rs. 60

Maharashtra : Rs. 50

MP : Rs. 40

Delhi : Rs. 80

The lowest percentage difference will be possible only when any two consecutive values are considered.

The excise duty rates, arranged in ascending order, are as follows:

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25 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 80

The corresponding approximate percentage difference in each case is:

60%, 25%, 20%, 33.33%

Thus, the lowest percentage difference is 20%.

Hence, option 3.

2. Which of the five states manufactured liquor at the lowest cost?

3 Marks

1) Tamil Nadu

2) Delhi

3) The states which has the lowest value for (Wholesale price – Excise duty) per litre

4) Indeterminate

Solution:
The answer to this question cannot be found.

This is because the total quantity of liquor produced in each state is not known.

Even if that quantity is known, one would have to assume that the total cost of liquor comes only from excise duty.

Therefore, it is impossible to determine the state that produces liquor at the lowest cost.

Hence, option 4.

3. If Excise duty is levied before the goods leave the factory (on the value of the liquor), then which of the following choices shows the
3 Marks distilleries in ascending order of the excise duty paid by them for the year 1996? (Assume the total liquor in TN is supplied by only
these 5 distilleries).

1) ECABD

2) ADEBC

3) DCEBA

4) Indeterminate

Solution:
This question can be answered by simple observation.

Only the 5 distilleries given supply liquor in TN.

Also, the excise duty is levied on the goods (based on the value of the liquor)

∴ Excise Duty ∝ Value of Liquor

From the bar chart for 1996, it is obvious that distillery D supplies the minimum amount (and hence value) of liquor and distillery A
supplies the maximum.

Thus, the order starts from D and ends in A.

Hence, options 1,2 and 4 can be eliminated.

By observation, it is clear that the correct order is DCEBA.

Hence, option 3.

4. If the Tamil Nadu distillery, with the least average simple annual growth in amount of liquor supplied in the given period had shown the
3 Marks same rate of growth as the one which grew fastest, what would that distillery’s supply have been in 1998, in lakh litres?

1) 13

2) 15.4

3) 130

4) Indeterminate

Solution:
Observe that distillery E remains relatively constant throughout the period while distillery C grows quite drastically in the given period.

Thus, E is the slowest growing distillery while C is the fastest growing one in the given period.

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The value in 1996 for distillery E is approximately 2.5

The rate of growth between 1996 and 1998 for distillery C

= (11 − 1.5)/1.5 × 100

= 633.33% (approx)

If distillery E had grown at this rate, it supply in 1998 would have been

2.5 × 6.33 = 15.8 lakh litres (approx).

Hence, option 2.

Group Question

Answer the following questions based on the information given below.

The graph below shows the market value of 4 shares at the end of each month in a period from January to June.

5. Which share showed the greatest percentage increase in market value in any month during the entire period?
3 Marks

1) A

2) B

3) C

4) D

Solution:
Observe that C grows with a very grentle slope throughout the period and so can be ruled out.

The three possible options are : D (between Feb and Mar), B (between Mar and Apr) and A (between Jan and Feb).

A increased from 40 to 50 between Jan and Feb. This is a growth of 25%.

B increased from 55 to 60 between Feb and Mar and from 60 to 65 between Mar and Apr. The first is a growth of 9.09% while the
second is a growth of 8.33%.

D increased from 95 to 115 between Feb and Mar. This is a growth of approximately 17%.

Thus, A showed the maximum percentage increase.

Hence, option 1.

6. In which month was the greatest absolute change in market value for any share recorded?
3 Marks

1) March

2) April

3) May

4) June

Solution:
The market value of D in the month of March increased to 115 from 95 in the month of February.

There is no other absolute change greater than this during the given period.

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Hence, option 1.

7. In which month was the greatest percentage increase in market value for any share recorded?
3 Marks

1) February

2) March

3) April

4) May

Solution:
The market value of A increased from 40 to 50 in February.

This is the highest percentage increase in the given period.

Hence, option 1.

8. An individual wishes to sell 1 share of C and 1 share of D to buy 1 share of A at the end of a month. At the end of which month would
3 Marks the individual’s profit/loss from this decision, due to share value changes, be the most?

1) February

2) March

3) April

4) June

Solution:
The profit/loss in the month of February = 90 + 72 – 50 = 112

The profit/loss in the month of March = 115 + 74 – 50 = 139

The profit/loss in the month of April = 105 + 75 – 40 = 140

The profit/loss in the month of June = 110 + 80 – 45 = 145

Thus, among the options given, the maximum profit was made in the month of June.

Hence, option 4.

9. An individual decides to sell 1 share of A and 1 share of B to buy 1 share of D at the end of the month. What can be the individual’s
3 Marks greatest gain from this decision, due to share value changes?

1) 5

2) 10

3) 15

4) None

Solution:
The person earns money on shares A and B and spends money on share D.

The gain/loss in the month of Jan = 40 + 60 – 100 = 0

The gain/loss in the month of Feb = 50 + 55 – 95 = 10

The gain/loss in the month of Mar = 50 + 60 – 115 = –5

The gain/loss in the month of April = 40 + 65 – 105 = 0

The gain/loss in the month of May = 45 + 60 – 100 = 5

The gain/loss in the month of June = 45 + 55 – 110 = –10

Thus, the maximum possible gain can be 10.

Hence, option 2.

Group Question

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Answer the following questions based on the information given below.

Study the following graph and answer questions that follow. The x-axis denotes the years from 1983 to 1991.

10. The sum of food and fertilizer production has shown a constant value for how many years at a stretch?
3 Marks

1) None of the years

2) 3

3) 4

4) 5

Solution:

The sum of food and fertilizer production has been constant at 8.5 units from 1984 to 1988 i.e.5 consecutive years and then at 8 units
from 1990 to 1991 i.e. 2 consecutive years.

2 years is not given in any of the options.

Thus, the sum has shown a constant value for 5 years at a stretch.

Hence, option 4.

11. If in 1988, the sum of the food and fertilizer production was 170 million tons, the value of food production must have been
3 Marks (approximately, in million tons) _____.

1) 90

2) 70

3) 100

4) Insufficient data

Solution:
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Solution:
The sum of food and fertilizer production in 1988 as per the graph is 8.5 units, and food production contributes 5 units to this.

The actual total production is 170 million tons.

Thus, the food production should be

Hence, option 3.

12. From its apparent behaviour, the food production in year 1992 can be expected to …
3 Marks

1) go up.

2) go down.

3) remain the same as in the previous year.

4) Nothing can be said.

Solution:
The food production follows the pattern shown below:

Decrease - Constant - Increase - Constant - Decrease - Constant, post which it repeats.

From 89 to 91, the pattern has been Increase-Constant.

Hence, as per the pattern, the food production in 1992 should go down.

Hence, option 2.

13. Going by the previous trends, one can say that fertilizer production has shown an anomalous behaviour in which year?
3 Marks

1) 1985

2) 1984

3) 1991

4) 1989

Solution:
Observe that the fertilizer production was the same in 1984 and 1985.

Similarly, the fertiliser production in 1986 is the same as the production in 1987. The same is observed even in 1990 and 1991.

Also, the value in each set of 2 years described above is different.

Going by this logic, the fertilizer production in 1989 and 1988 should have been the same and it should have been different from the
1986-87 period as well as the 1990-91 period.

Hence, as per the previous trends, the anomalous behaviour is in 1989.

Hence, option 4.

14. A scholar observed that if the production of fertilizers in 1989 had been the same as that in 1988, then the total fertilizer production
3 Marks for all the given years would have been 450 million tons. Using this information, and knowing that the food production has been
plotted on the same scale, one may say that the food production in 1983 was _____ (approximately, in million tons).

1) 80

2) 130

3) 105

4) Indeterminate

Solution:
Based on the condition given, the fertilizer production in 1989 should have been 3.5 units

The total production of fertilizer = 2.5 + 3.5 + 3.5 + 2 + 2 + 3.5 + 3.5 + 1 + 1 = 22.5 units

The actual total production of fertilizers = 450 million tons.

The production of food in 1983 = 6.5 units.

Therefore, the actual food production = (6.5 × 450)/22.5

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Therefore, the actual food production = (6.5 × 450)/22.5

= 130 million tonnes

Hence, option 2.

Group Question

Answer the following questions based on the information given below.

The following table shows the number of households in a country during the period from 1970 to 1990. The subsequent pie-charts show the
distribution of households for the years 1970 and 1990 based on the number of children.

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15. Which of the following statements about the households is true?

3 Marks

1) There were more households with children in 1970 than in 1990.

2) There were more households with 3 or more children in 1970 than in 1990.

3) The number of households with two children decreased slightly from 1970 to 1990.

4) None of the above

Solution:
Statement 1:

The number of households with children in 1970 = 65% of 120 = 78 million

The number of households with children in 1990 = 60% of 160 = 96 million

Thus, there were more households with children in 1990 than in 1970.

Thus, statement 1 is false.

Statement 2:

The number of households with 3 or more children in 1970 = 25% of 120 = 30 million

The number of households with 3 or more children in 1990 = 20% of 160 = 32 million

Thus, there were more households with 3 or more children in 1990 than in 1970.

Thus, statement 2 is false.

Statement 3:

The number of households with 2 children in 1970 = 20% of 120 = 24 million

The number of households with 2 children in 1990 = 18% of 160 = 28.8 million

Thus, the number of households with 2 children increased from 1970 to 1990.

Thus, statement 3 is false.

Thus, none of the statements are true.

Hence,option 4.

16. The average number of children per household in 1990 was _____.
3 Marks

1) 1.18

2) 1.35

3) 2.0

4) Indeterminate

Solution:
This question could have been answered using weighted averages, had the last category of the pie chart been “3 children”.

Since the category is “more than 3 children”, the maximum number of children in a family can be anything.

Hence, the average number of children per household cannot be found.

Hence, option 4.

17. The simple annual growth rate of the number of households from 1970 to 1990 was_____.
3 Marks

1) 1.52%

2) 1.65%

3) 2.10%

4) 3.00%

Solution:
The number of households in 1970 and 1990 is 120 and 160 million respectively.
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The number of households in 1970 and 1990 is 120 and 160 million respectively.

Hence, option 2.

18. Assuming that the average number of children per household in 1970 was 3, how many households were without children in 1970?
3 Marks

1) 24 million

2) 42 million

3) 14 million

4) Indeterminate

Solution:
The number of households that were without children is independent of the average number of children.

In 1970, the number of households without children is 35% of 120, i.e. 42 million.

Hence, option 2.

Group Question

Answer the questions based on the following graph.

19. In which year is the profit per rupee of equity the highest?
3 Marks

1) 1991

2) 1992

3) 1993

4) 1990

Solution:

The values of the sales, expenditure, profit and equity can be plotted as shown in the first table above.
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The values of the sales, expenditure, profit and equity can be plotted as shown in the first table above.

The profit per rupee is as calculated in the second table above.

From the table, it is clear that the profit per rupee of equity was the highest in the year 1991.

Hence, option 1.

Alternatively,

Observe that the profit is less than the equity in each given year.

Thus, the profit per rupee of equity will be highest where the profit is as close as possible to the equity figure.

The profit in 1991 is very close to the corresponding equity figure.

Hence, the profit per rupee is highest in 1991.

Hence, option 1.

20. In which year is the sales per rupee of equity the highest?
3 Marks

1) 1990

2) 1991

3) 1992

4) 1994

Solution:
Refer to the first table in the solution to the first question.

The sales per equity for each year is shown below:

1990: 80/10 = 8

1991: 92/10 = 9.2

1992: 106/25 = 4.24

1993: 128/25 = 5.12

Thus, the sales per rupee of equity is the highest in 1991.

Hence, option 2.

21. The simple annual growth rate in sales was the highest between the years:
3 Marks

1) 1990-91

2) 1991-92

3) 1992-93

4) Cannot be determined

Solution:
The growth rate for sales in 1991

The growth rate for sales in 1992

The growth rate for sales in 1993

Thus, the simple annual growth rate was the highest between 1992 and 1993.

Hence, option 3.

Group Question
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Group Question

Answer the questions based on the following graph.

Note: The Y-axis denotes Solubility in kg/litre of water.

22. Which of the following salts has the greatest solubility?

3 Marks

1) Potassium Chlorate at 80°C

2) Potassium Chloride at 35°C

3) Potassium Nitrate at 39°C

4) Sodium Chloride at 85°C

Solution:
The solubility of each salt under the given conditions is:

Potassium Chlorate at 80°C = 0.4 kg/litre (approx)

Potassium Chloride at 35°C = 0.4 kg/litre (approx)

Potassium Nitrate at 39°C = 0.45 kg/litre (approx)

Sodium Chloride at 85°C = 0.4 kg/litre

Thus, Potassium Nitrate at 39°C has the highest solubility.

Hence, option 3.

23. Approximately how many kg of Potassium Nitrate can be dissolved in 10 litres of water at 30°C?
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23. Approximately how many kg of Potassium Nitrate can be dissolved in 10 litres of water at 30°C?
3 Marks

1) 0.04

2) 0.4

3) 4

4) 0.35

Solution:
At 30°C, the solubility of Potassium Nitrate is approximately 0.36 kg/litre of water.

Therefore, in 10 litres of water, the amount of soluble Potassium Nitrate is 0.36 × 10 = 3.6 kg

4 kg is the closest answer.

Hence, option 3.

24. By what percent is the solubility of Potassium Chlorate in water increased as the water is heated from 30°C to 80°C?
3 Marks

1) 100

2) 200

3) 250

4) 150

Solution:
At 30°C, solubility of Potassium Chlorate = 0.15 kg/litre (approx)

At 80°C, the solubility of Potassium Chlorate = 0.4 kg/litre

∴ The percentage increase = (0.25/0.15) × 100 = 167% (approx).

Hence, option 4.

25. If 1 mole of Potassium Chloride weighs 0.07456 kg, approximately, how many moles of Potassium Chloride can be dissolved in 100
3 Marks litres of water at 36°C?

1) 700

2) 650

3) 480

4) 540

Solution:
At 36°C, the solubility of Potassium Chloride is 0.4 kg/litre (approximate)

So, in 100 litres of water, the amount of soluble Potassium Chloride is 0.4 × 100 = 40 kg

1 mole weighs 0.07456 kg.

Hence, the required number of moles is 40/0.07456 i.e. 536.5 ≈ 540 moles.

Hence, option 4.

26. Which of the salts has the greatest change in solubility in kg/litre of water between 15°C and 25°C?
3 Marks

1) Potassium Chlorate

2) Potassium Nitrate

3) Sodium Chlorate

4) Sodium Nitrate

Solution:
This can be directly solved by observation.

The salt that has the steepest curve between 15°C and 25°C between those two temperatures will have the greatest change in
solubility.

It is clear from the curve that, among the options given, Sodium Chlorate has the steepest curve and hence, the greatest change in
solubility.
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solubility.

Hence, option 3.

Group Question

Answer the following questions based on the information given below.

Refer to the pie-charts given below and answer the questions that follow.

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27. What fraction of Ghosh Babu’s weight consists of muscular and skin protein?
3 Marks

1)

2)

3)

4) Indeterminate

Solution:

15% of Ghosh Babu's body consists of protein.

Out of this, (8 + 25 = 33%) comes from skin and muscular protein.

So, the required fraction is 33% of 15% of the body weight

i.e. 0.33 × 0.15 × Body Wieght

i.e. 0.05 × Body Wieght

Thus, 5% (or 1/20) of Ghosh Babu's weight consists of muscular and skin protein.

Hence, option 3.

28. The ratio of distribution of protein in muscle to the distribution of protein in skin is _____.
3 Marks

1) 3:1

2) 3 : 10

3) 1:3

4) 3.5 : 1

Solution:
The ratio of the distribution of protein in muscle to the protein distribution in skin = 25% of total protein : 8% of total protein

i.e. 25 : 8 or 3 : 1 (approx).

Hence, option 1.

29. What percent of Ghosh Babu’s body weight is made up of skin?

3 Marks

1) 0.15

2) 10

3) 1.2

4) Indeterminate

Solution:
The occurrence of protein in the skin is given.

But the weight of the skin is not known.

Hence, the skin percent in Ghosh Babu's weight cannot be found.

Hence, option 4.

30. In terms of total body weight, the proportion of material other than water and protein is closest to _____.
3 Marks

1)

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2)

3)

4)

Solution:
The percentage of material other than water and protein in the total body weight is 15%.

So, the fraction of such material in the total body weight

Hence, option 1.

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