Aircraft Utility 

Air Conditioning Systems 

 Air Conditioning Systems 
—  Two types of air conditioning systems (commonly used) 
—  Air cycle air conditioning 
—  Turbine-powered aircraft 
—  Engine bleed air 
—  APU pneumatic 
—  Vapor cycle air conditioning 
—  Reciprocating aircraft 
—  Similar to homes and automobiles air conditioning 
 Air Conditioning Systems 
—  Air Cycle Air Conditioning 
—  Prepares engine bleed air to pressurize the aircraft cabin 
—  Control temperature and quantity of the air maintain a comfortable
cabin environment 
—  Air conditioning package (Pack) 
—  Usually located in the lower half of the fuselage or in the tail section
of turbine-powered aircraft 
Air Conditioning Systems 
Air Conditioning Systems 
 Air Conditioning Systems 
—  Pneumatic System Supply 
—  From bleed air tap-offs on each engine compressor section 
—  From APU pneumatic 
—  From external pneumatic air supply source 
—  Packs are supplied by pneumatic manifold 
—  Pneumatic manifold is supplied through the use of 
—  Valves 
—  Regulators 
—  Ducting  
 Air Conditioning Systems 
—  Component Operation 
—  Pack Valve 
—  Regulates bleed air from the pneumatic manifold into air cycle air
condition system 
—  Controlled from the air conditioning panel in the cockpit 
—  Electrically controlled and pneumatically operated 
—  Bleed Air Bypass 
—  Bypass some of the pneumatic air 
 Air Conditioning Systems 
—  Component Operation (cont.) 
—  Primary Heat Exchanger 
—  A fan draw air through the ram air duct when the aircraft is on the ground 
—  In flight, ram air doors are modulated to increase or decrease ram air flow
to the exchanger according to the position of the wing flaps 
—  Refrigeration Turbine Unit or Air Cycle Machine and Secondary Heat
Exchanger 
—  Air Cycle Machine (ACM) – refrigeration turbine unit 
—  Compressor – Turbine on a common shaft 
Air Conditioning Systems 
Air Conditioning Systems 
Air Conditioning Systems 
Air Conditioning Systems 
 Air Conditioning Systems 
—  Component Operation (cont.) 
—  Water Separator 
—  Remove the water from the saturated air before it is sent to the aircraft
cabin. 
—  A bypass valve is incorporated in case of a blockage. 
—  Refrigeration Bypass valve 
—  Prevent ACM discharge air freeze when pass through the water separator 
—  Other names: temperature control valve, 35° valve, anti-ice valve 
Air Conditioning Systems 
Air Conditioning Systems 
 Air Conditioning Systems 
—  Cabin Temperature Control System 
—  Temperature is monitored in the cabin, cockpit, conditioned air ducts,
and distribution air ducts. 
—  Temperature controller or Temperature control regulator 
—  Temperature selector (input the desired temperature) 
—  Compares the actual temperature with the desired temperature and
sent to a valve in air cycle air conditioning system 
—  Mixing valve, temperature control valve, trim air valve (depend on
manufacturer) 
Air Conditioning Systems 
Air Conditioning Systems 
 Air Conditioning Systems 
—  Vapor Cycle Air Condition 
—  Nonturbine aircraft 
—  Not a source of pressurizing air as air cycle air conditioning system 
—  Transfer heat from inside the cabin to outside 
—  on the ground and in flight 
 Air Conditioning Systems 
—  Theory of Refrigertion 
—  Conservation of energy 
—  Energy transfer 
—  Basic Vapor Cycle 
—  Closed system (a refrigerant is circulated through turbine and a variety of
components) 
—  R134a 
—  Low side/High side (temperature and pressure of the refrigerant) 
Air Conditioning Systems 
Air Conditioning Systems 
Air Conditioning Systems