Perception

1. It is a process that mediates b/w sensation and behaviour. It is identified by sensation, but not
completely determined by it.
2. It is a psychological function that enables the organism to receive and process information.
3. It is the organizing process by which we our sensory input.

Gestalt’s Law of perception:

*Our sensation (sense impression) gets organized into meaningful units. :

1. Law of Similarity: items that are similar tend to be grouped together

2. Law of Pragnanz: Reality is organized or reduced to the simplest form
3. Law of proximity: Objects near each other tend to be grouped together.
4. Law of continuity: we tend to group similar objects together that share a common motion or
destination.
5. Law of Closure: Objects grouped together are seen as a whole.

Types of perception:

Depth Perception: Once an object catches our attention, we rely on the depth perception determine how far it is.
With the help of depth perception, we can determine the depth the absolute or the relative distance.

a. Absolute distance: refer to the distance b/w you and the object.
b. Relative distance: b refer to the distance b/w two objects or b/w parts of the same object
.
Depth perception is the ability to the world in 3D and to perceive the distance:

1. Monocular cues for depth perception: as the name suggests, monocular cues that operate when only one eye is
looking. These, cues are the ones used by painters to us a 3D experience from a flat portrait.

2. Leaner Perspective: the distance separating the images of far off objects appear to be smaller, e.g. railroad track.

3. Clearness: the more clearly we see an object the nearer it seems.

4. Interposition: when one object is completely visible while other is partly covered by it, the first object is perceived
as nearer.

5. Shadows: the pattern of shadows in an object is very important in giving impression of depth. Also shadows cast by
one object upon another, shows which object is father away provided, that the source or the direction of the light is
clearly revealed.

6. Texture: the importance of texture in depth perception is when we look at a landscape; we see that the texture of
the ground appears to be finer or dense as the distance increases. Objects located on the coarse ground appear to
be close, while those on a ground of finer texture appear to be father away.

7. Movement: the relative movement of an object is important in judging the distance. The object which seems to
move rapidly is judged close by us than the object which moves slowly. E.g. when we are moving fast the objects
nearer to us seem to be moving in the opposite direction, while the objects father way seem to be moving along with
us.

8. Apparent Motion: an optical illusion in which stationary objects viewed in quick succession or in relation to moving
objects appear to be in motion; is called also apparent movement

a. The stroboscopic effect is a visual phenomenon caused by aliasing that occurs when continuous motion is
represented by a series of short or instantaneous samples.
 b. Auto-kinetic Effect;:An illusory movement of a single still object, usually a stationary pinpoint of light used
in psychology experiments in dark rooms. As one stares at a fixed point of light, one's eye muscles become
fatigued, causing a slight eye movement.

9. Induced movement: or induced motion is an illusion of visual perception in which a stationary or a moving object
appears to move or to move differently because of other moving objects nearby in the visual field.