Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Siemens Circuit Breaker PDF
Siemens Circuit Breaker PDF
5 kV up to 800 kV
www.siemens.com/energy
1 2 1 Germany Content
2 Russia
5
4 3 India
6
Foreword 04
3
4 China
Modular design 06 Live tank circuit breakers 14
5 USA Control 07 Dead tank circuit breakers 18
7 Quenching principles 08 Dead Tank Compact 20
6 Mexico Drive systems 10 Disconnecting Circuit Breaker 22
Development and routine testing 12 Vacuum circuit breaker 24
7 Brazil Installation and commissioning 13 Circuit breaker accessories 26
3AP1 DT 145 kV 3AP2 DT 550 kV pole Dead tank circuit breakers Disconnecting circuit breakers 3AP1 DCB 145 kV 3AP2 DCB 420 kV pole
4 5
1 1 1
2
2
2
4, 5
5 4
4 5
3 3 3
3AP1 FG up to 245 kV 3AP1 FI up to 300 kV 3AP2 FI up to 550 kV
1
1 Interrrupter unit
1
2 Post insulator
4, 5 5 1
3 Pillar
4 5 4 Control cabinet
4
3 3 3 5 Operating mechanism Control cabinet with stored-
3AP1 DT up to 245 kV 3AP1 DTC up to 245 kV 3AP2/3 DT up to 550 kV cubicle energy spring drive mechanism
6 7
1
1 2
3
2
4
3
4 5
6
5 7
1 Lever 8
9
2 Pin
6 3 Cam lever 10
4 Coupler 11
5 Moving pin
6 Nozzle 12
1 Contact carrier 7 Contact lamination
2 Nozzle 8 Tube contact
3 Arcing contact 9 Heating cylinder
4 Main contact 10 Valve plate
5 Contact cylinder Closed position Opening: main contact Opening: arcing contact Open position 11 Piston Closed position Opening: main contact Opening: arcing contact Open position
6 Base in open position in open position 12 Valve group in open position in open position
Quenching principles
Our complete 3AP family up to 800 kV and above relies on At the same time, the contact cylinder (5) moves into the Dynamic self-compression principle This causes the quenching gas to be forced in the direc-
our arc-quenching principles, either the self-compression base (6) and compresses the SF6 gas located there. This tion opposite to the movement of the moving contact
or the dynamic self-compression principle using the ther- gas compression creates a gas flow through the contact From 245 kV onwards, the dynamic self-compression prin- components through the non-return valve, consisting of
mal energy of the arc. Siemens patented this method for cylinder (5) and the nozzle (2) to the arcing contact, extin- ciple with two-way moving contacts is utilized in our 3AP piston (11) and valve plate (10), into the heating cylinder
arc quenching in 1973 and has continued to develop the guishing the arc. type circuit breakers. and through the gap between the tube contact (8) and
technology of the self-compression interrupter unit. In the arc quenching nozzle, thus quenching the arc.
short-circuit breaking operations the actuating energy When it comes to interrupting a high short-circuit break- Mode of operation
required is reduced to the energy needed for mechanical ing current, the SF6 gas is heated up considerably at the In an opening operation, the main contact located With large short-circuit currents, the quenching gas sur-
contact movement. arcing contact due to the energy of the arc. This leads to a between the contact lamination (7) and the heating cylin- rounding moving pin (5) in the arcing chamber is heated
pressure increase in the contact cylinder. During the fur- der (9) is opened. The arcing contact, consisting of the by the arc’s energy and driven into the heating cylinder
Self-compression principle ther course of opening, this increased pressure initiates a moving pin (5) and the tube contact (8) remains closed, (9) at high pressure. When the current passes through
gas flow through the nozzle (2), extinguishing the arc. In with the result that the current commutates onto the arc- zero, the gas flows back from the heating cylinder into the
For applications up to 245 kV, our 3AP circuit breakers this case, the arc energy is used to interrupt the fault cir- ing contact. nozzle and quenches the arc. When this happens, the
with self-compression principle ensure optimum switching cuit breaking current. This energy does not have to be pro- The moving pin (5) is moved against the direction of valve plate (10) in the heating cylinder (9) prevents the
performance under every operating condition. vided by the operating mechanism. movement of the tube contact (8) by the connected com- high pressure from entering the compression chamber
ponents of heating cylinder (9), nozzle (6), connecting between piston (11) and the valve group (12).
Mode of operation rod (4), pin (2), control lever (3) (circuit breaker opening
The current conducting path of the interrupter unit con- movement).
sists of the contact carrier (1), the base (6) and the move-
able contact cylinder (5). In the closed position, the cur- The moved electrode is also pushed in the direction of the
rent flows via the main contact (4) and the contact heating cylinder (9). During the continued course of the
cylinder (5). opening operation, the arcing contact opens, creating an
During the opening operation, the main contact (4) opens arc. At the same time, the heating cylinder (9) moves to
first, and the current commutates to the still closed arcing the left and compresses the quenching gas between pis-
contact. During the further course of opening, the arcing ton (11) and valve group (12).
contact (3) opens up and an arc is drawn between the
contacts.
8 9
1 Trip coil CLOSE 1 Hydraulic storage cylinder
2 Cam plate 2 Operating piston
3 Corner gear 3 Pilot valve
4 Connecting rod 1 4 Main valve
1
5 Connecting rod for closing spring 5 Closing solenoid
8
6 Connecting rod for opening spring 6 Opening solenoid
7 Closing spring 2 9 2 7 Oil tank
8 Emergency hand crank 10 8 Oil pump
3 11 14
9 Charging gear 9 Motor
10 Charging shaft
4 12 16 15
10 Filter
13 15
11 Roller lever 3 11 Non-return valve
5 14 5
12 Damper (for closing) 12 Pressure compensating valve
13 Operating shaft 15 13 Safety valve
6
4
14 Damper (for opening) 7 6 14 Pressure gauge
11
15 Trip coil OPEN 16 15 Pressure monitor
8 9 13
16 Drive mechanism housing 7 16 Compact hydraulic operating mechanism
17 10 12
17 Opening spring
Drive systems
Stored-energy spring mechanism Advantages of the stored-energy spring mechanism: Electrohydraulic operating mechanism Advantages of the electrohydraulic operating
Same principle for rated voltages from 72.5 kV mechanism:
The operating mechanism is a central part of high-voltage up to 800 kV The electrohydraulic operating mechanism has been used High operating energy for the highest switching
circuit breakers. The drive concept of the 3AP circuit High reliability thanks to low operating energy in 3AT and 3AQ circuit breakers for more than 20 years. performance in the shortest possible time
breaker family is based on the patented stored-energy (10,000 operating cycles guaranteed) Even the highest switching voltages are safely brought Contact positions are reliably maintained even if the
spring principle and is identical on all types. The use of Fail-safe, economical and persistent due to uncomplicated under control in the shortest possible time and also the auxiliary power supply fails
such an operating mechanism for voltage ranges of up to and robust construction with few moving parts most difficult switching tasks can be mastered. Multiple reclosure possible without the need for
800 kV became appropriate as a result of the development Controllable switching state at all times recharging
of a self-compression interrupter unit that requires mini- Easy access to springs as they are not integrated in SF6 Closing Constant self-monitoring
mal actuating energy. The compact design of this operat- compartments The main valve (4) is opened electromagnetically. This Checking of energy reserves at any time
ing mechanism makes it possible to place the stored- Maintenance-free for 25 years or 6,000 operation cycles causes the pressure from the hydraulic storage cylinder Low-maintenance, economical and long service life
energy spring mechanism within the control cubicle in a Low environmental impact compared to former drive (1) to be applied equally to both surfaces of the differen- Meets stringent environmental safety requirements
compact housing. systems tial operating piston (2). The force on the side with the
larger piston surface is greater and closes the breaker via
The mechanism types differ in terms of the number, size the connecting rod and operating rod. The operating
and arrangement of the opening and closing springs. Both mechanism is designed such that, in the event of a drop in
the closing and opening springs are located inside the pressure, the contact position will be maintained.
operating mechanism, thereby achieving a simple and
sturdy device. This design minimizes the number of Opening
required moving parts. The use of roller bearings and of The main valve (4) is closed electromagnetically. This
the maintenance-free charging mechanism is a prerequi- releases the pressure on the larger of the two piston sur-
site for reliable operation over decades. Proven design faces and the operating piston (2) moves into the open
principles such as vibration-isolated latches and load-free position due to the pressure differential on the respective
isolation of the charging mechanism were retained. piston sides. The circuit breaker is always ready for open-
ing. Two electrically isolated tripping circuits are available,
as an option, for reversing the movement of the main
valve (4) towards the open position.
10 11
Routine test of a 3AP1 DT 245 kV
Development Other testing laboratories that we work together with are Our circuit breakers for voltage ratings from 72.5 kV to We offer service attendance throughout the entire operat-
The foundation of quality for Siemens high-voltage circuit KEMA, CESI, IPH and FGH, which are also part of the Euro- 300 kV can be transported fully pre-assembled and rou- ing life of the circuit breaker. Inspection, maintenance,
breakers begins right in the development of a new prod- pean network of independent testing organizations. tine-tested. All higher ratings are dismantled into com- repair and a round-the-clock fault service give you the
uct. Switching performance, high voltage stability and pact, clear and space saving subassemblies for transporta- necessary backup.
performance under normal mechanical loads (wind and Routine testing tion purposes. Transportation costs are minimized by The first inspection of the circuit breaker is necessary after
short circuits) as well as seismic conditions are simulated Important components are subjected to complete pre- packing several circuit breakers together in one shipment. 12 years or 3,000 operation cycles, and the first mainte-
and optimized in the outline design phase using com- acceptance testing before assembly. The routine test is The subassemblies can quickly be installed into a com- nance is recommended after 25 years or 6,000 operation
puter-aided calculations. The use of parts and assembly performed on the assembled circuit breaker. The specifica- plete circuit breaker at the switching station. A single cycles.
units in a large number of breaker types such as live tank, tion requirements are automatically imported into the supervisor can install one circuit breaker within one and a Spare parts and maintenance kits are available for a mini-
dead tank, as well as GIS leads to a high volume standard- computer-aided routine test plan during order processing. half days. mum of 25 years after delivery.
ization of the main components. Steady and regular This makes sure that fulfillment of every customer require- Due to the fact that the circuit breaker is already routine-
amounts of produced units form a continuous production ment is checked before delivery. tested in the factory, commissioning can be reduced to a
process and ensure the highest standards. Statistical qual- Routine testing is performed in accordance with IEC or minimum and there is no need for special tools or
ity control is based on large numbers produced, and ANSI and encompasses the following points at least: equipment.
hence, a higher validity is achieved.
All 3AP circuit breakers are earthquake-proof up to 0.5 g. 100 mechanical operations Lifelong Service for the circuit breaker
Closing and opening times We provide installation, commissioning and maintenance
Release and motor currents on request. And once installed, Siemens high-voltage cir-
All our circuit breakers are completely type-tested in accor- Gas monitoring cuit breakers will operate safely and reliably for years. But
dance with latest IEC and ANSI standards before their mar- Testing of control circuits in accordance with in the unlikely event of a fault, you can rely on our world-
ket launch. In our Berlin factory, we have one of the most the circuit diagram wide customer support.
modern testing laboratories available which are accredited Voltage drop of the main conducting path
to EN 45001 and part of the European network of the High voltage testing
independent testing organization, PEHLA. 2 kV testing of auxiliary circuits
All required facilities are available: IEC specifies an annual maximum SF6 leakage rate of
Physics laboratory 0.5 % or 1 %. Experience from several high and low tem- Depending on customer requests, we can offer installa-
High voltage testing laboratory perature tests and decades of operational experience tion, commissioning and maintenance training in our
High-power testing laboratory show that the leakage rate of Siemens circuit breakers is training center or on site during the regular installation
Mechanical testing laboratory below even 0.1 % per year. services.
Temperature rise testing laboratory
12 13
Technical Data
Rated short-circuit 80
breaking current [kA]
63
50
40
31.5
25
63
50
40
31.5
25
3
50
4
40
1 Interrupter unit
2 Metal housing
3 Bushing 5
31.5
4 Current transformer
6
5 Base frame
6 Control cabinet with 25
operating mechanism
7 Pillar 7 3AP1 DT 3AP2/3 DT
0
3AP1 DT 145 kV 3AP2 DT 550 kV 72.5 123 145 170 245 300 362 420 550 800 1200
Rated voltage [kV]
22 23
Technical Data
Rated short-circuit 80
Reliable breaking current [kA]
More than 40 years of experience in
vacuum switching technology 63
Suitable for low temperature applications
Efficient 50
Maintenance and service-free even with
frequent breaking operations
40
Performance
2-cycle current interruption 31.5
Feasible up to 145 kV
High number of short-circuit interruptions
feasible up
25 to 145 kV
Ecological
3AV1 FG
Vacuum interrupting medium
prototype
Nitrogen insulating medium 0
72.5 123 145 170 245 300 362 420 550 800 1200
3AV1FG 72.5 kV prototype Rated voltage [kV]
3AV1FG 72.5 kV prototype In fact, several thousand switching operations have Number of interrupter units per pole 1
already been performed successfully in the field, and
The next generation of high-voltage circuit breakers documented. Rated power-frequency withstand voltage/min kV 140
The outstanding technical performance and low lifecycle Market launch will follow the completion of studies.
costs of vacuum circuit breakers make this solution the Siemens ensures the highest quality standards and offers Rated lightning impulse withstand voltage/min kV 325
preferred technology in power networks up to 52 kV. customers the highest degree of security for their energy
Based on 40 years of experience producing medium- supplies. A complete set of type tests in accordance with Rated switching impulse withstand voltage kV —
voltage vacuum interrupters and with more than 3 million the latest edition of IEC 62271-100 has proven the
units delivered, Siemens is now introducing this proven suitability of the 72.5 kV live tank vacuum circuit breaker Rated normal current, up to A 2500
technology to high-voltage power networks above 52 kV. prototype.
The upcoming new member of our circuit breaker family Rated short-time withstand current (1s-3s), up to kA(rms) 31.5
meets the same high quality standards as our SF6 portfolio
and is also designed according to our well proven modular Rated short-circuit breaking current, up to kA 31.5
platform concept.
The new 3AV1 vacuum circuit breaker has concrete Temperature range °C -55 up to +40
technical advantages: It features reliable switching
capacity, requires no maintenance even when subjected Rated operating sequence O-0.3 s-CO-3 min-CO or CO- 15 s-CO
to frequent breaking operations, and is also
environmentally friendly – thanks to switching operations Rated break time 2 cycles
performed in a vacuum, with nitrogen as the insulating
medium. Rated frequency Hz 50
These circuit breakers will be the right choice for future
projects and a wide range of applications. Maintenance after 25 years
24 1
Full control with circuit breaker accessories
Controlled switching with PSD02/03 Energizing and re-energizing during an autoreclosing At a glance:
operation of shunt compensated transmission lines Switching of transmission lines without closing resistors
cause switching overvoltages on the transmission lines. Single and three phase auto-reclosing
These overvoltages can be minimized by the introduction One device for all switching tasks
of controlled switching, which can be provided by Unrestricted parameter-definable software
the standard PSD02 control unit from Siemens or the Standard CLOSE- and OPEN-trigger circuits
specialized PSD03 version. Two switching procedures can be specified at the same time
Conventional methods to reduce overvoltages and Linear and vectorial compensation
protect the electrical equipment involve circuit breakers Secure current measurement with “ring-type transducers”
equipped with closing resistors or the installation of Software operation protected by user hierarchy
surge arresters. Using PSD can replace these additional Evaluation using graphic user interface
devices and helps to save costs. Switching history can be transferred
The design is based on more than 10 years of Cyclic history, alarms, measurement values
experiences with controlled switching. This
includes applications such as capacitor bank and
reactor switching, energizing of transformers and
uncompensated transmission lines up to 800 kV.
Controlled contacts with SICEA01 The SiCEA01 contact erosion analyzer is used to determine At a glance:
the extent of wear to the circuit breaker contacts. The Device for determination of contact-wear
breaking currents of the circuit breaker are used to 2 limits (warning and alarm), adjustable in % of the
determine the contact wear. maximum permissible contact-wear
Switching operations with currents below the rated Digital relays and LEDs for warning and alarm
normal current are evaluated with the rated normal Calculation of the integrated current during open
current. operation for three poles
The contact burn off is calculated using the integral of the Ambient temperature from -40 up to +85°C
circuit breaker breaking currents. The result is compared Input:
with the configured reference values. If the result of this 3 x analog signal of protection current-transformer
comparison exceeds the warning or alarm value, the input ± 100 mA signal conditioning with external AC-
corresponding signal contact is activated, and the signal transformer 100A/100 mA; 3 x reference contact;
light on the contact wear analysis device shows the auxiliary contacts
status. Output:
With this warning or alarm, SiCEA01 shows whether the 3 relay output (warning, alarm, system OK); 3 LEDs
circuit breaker contact system has already been worn Communication via Ethernet
down to a specific level, which allows servicing work to be
scheduled in good time.
Controlled monitoring with SOLM01 The Siemens SOLM01 on-line monitoring system At a glance:
supervises the status of the circuit breaker by means of Complex monitoring for determining its condition
sensor technology. Measurement of momentary values
SOLM01 records events, measures momentary values as Determination of external parameters
well as other external parameters and compares them Cumulative or integral monitoring of the operating
with given reference values. It is able to inform the stress of the breaker
servicing team automatically about divergences or signs Estimation of tendencies of the operating behaviour
of wear, and calculates trends for the further operational Assessing the further reliability
behavior. It optimizes servicing work with regard to SOLM01 does not influence circuit-breaker control
corrective and preventive maintenance measures. Data acquisition with distributed front-end pre-processing
The measured data is continuously obtained by the data Premature detection of possible malfunctions
collector and stored in a database on the Oracle server. Supports the future field bus communication protocol
The data can be accessed via a web browser on the IEC 61850
Intranet/Internet by an unlimited number of authorized
users with different rights. Alarm messages can also be
sent directly to the SCADA system via relay outputs.
2 3
Published by and copyright © 2012:
Siemens AG
Energy Sector
Freyeslebenstrasse 1
91058 Erlangen, Germany
Siemens AG
Energy Sector
Power Transmission Division
High Voltage Products
Nonnendammallee 104
13629 Berlin, Germany