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Metrology Solved Examples PDF
Metrology Solved Examples PDF
1
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Complete interchangeability in the
ection and materials hqdling by usi r
ded according according tb
method is especially useful i
,i .',i
! Its in complctte prottxtion C0
!
!
I 1,1 .
f a axeztain-tqrgeafpiston
skirt each be O M mm.
3;". '
tnr = 0.04)ildm P*
clearance = largest bore-smallest piston
k g by selective
bsrltsmdomxraeethat
b d e r of 2.5 thou
I, of t
more--I slnd'gradd W
s. Only the inside and
ens. An incidental h n t a g e of this
suitable for various purposes b
different gnorrfrs. W+at means, three desirable classes are dri
bewing, a snug b@ lfilee bearing, a d a preloeded &in@ for
lspidb.
9.7. WLVED EXAMPLES :
. .
. .. G.mpb 1. ~ j n dthe values of allowance, hole tolerancd and s w t tolerance fw t&
i . -
bollwing .&hhm.yjoni qf mated parts according,do basic h ~ i qvNe~.
e
4P,,r' H Q :~47.5Q mm Shaft
, : 37.47 mm I \ .
'.I j
37.52 mm 37.45' mm . , f
= 37.52,- 3130 w8 s a d s& hi+,trl;s13 > r
= 0 . 9 rmR. = &&3Rti,@ y&$&J
m?Writ
Shaft tolerrtrrce = High- -Jilrait -bM ,
= 3?*4,7 - 37.45
' O . ~ ~ ri;;*: = ~ ~ ~
Allowance.= ,Max,@- meQal & d m of hale
Example 2. A 75 mm,&@, r
is 0.075 rrun and the required ailowan
the bear&$ bore with the basic,b&.
Solution. Refer to Fig. 9.15
It is clear with the' kit'
High l h i t of
sm xu -3s
&a = 732& '+ 0.225
: b ~ f ~ w.m wwdik (ikik) *
s&e (b) sh@ and h d e to era&& (3 the shajl and hole limits (4the
Determine :(a) ~ a s i =
maximum and minimum clearance. " ..[. c y : , ! I @ $ : > $ , , -:
,I:,? $.
Solution.
.7
+ . + :kt -,-I , *!L.
,;.a,8 -$<$
. 4 l - l ' ~ - ~ T l ,, #'I
. -,>sf$,,'> t,. 3 \-
-
Low limit of shaft:, 30 - 0.018
29.982 ,mtq ,
- limiti'bfhole ='30 + 0.620
High
.' P ! ' 7 8 .:,{*I .,
5(,@20~,iitm
Low limit of hole = 30 mm
< ,I .
~ .di.
Maximum clearance = ~ i jimit h h& - low limit df shad
~ i n ' i m cl&
s = Low limit of hole - High limit of shah
Examp@ & A hble k d shaft &e a basic site of 25 mm, a)td are to have a clearance $it
with maximum lolearanee of.O.02 mn a d a mi~limumclearance of 0.01 mm. The hole tolerance
is to be 1.5 timdp the sk@ &lev=+. &itermine :limitsfor both hole and shafi (a) using a hole
bast3 system (6) using a shaji bash wgtp- .
Solution. ~ e f a tog Fig. 9.18.
I . k l :' 7 ::,2 nc.r.;~s$mrCt
,
Fig. J.P8 ., 6
1'.
-": ,
(b)
. .
-.
,..~.GI\
Low limit of shaft = 24.99 - 0.004 = 24.986 m6-- '-
.x's *: t 9
- 54.425 microns
0.054 mm (rationalized)
%&7n t i t m i l d+rU - 4 4 4 b~ ~ t i f t t i W O , ~
We can get these values of t o l ~ m c e sdimfly from Table : Appendix IE.
Now F.D.~~w h& G,;; + 2.5 microns (T 9.2)
= 25 (98)OJ4= 0,012 nyn (rqtionalized)
&it3 :-l>%a~'$- : US^ ,US>Q fliV r-: +. 5 3 . >!
LOW& '&"
,,~mid.@@ - = 99.W1m
(h) Shgt$+@kJ rSI#s@,fiver
.w Fig- 9.13
Upper limjt sf.hucnal = Basic Size = 100 mm
, . limit - T~krance
Lower limti&<!purna1. = Uppcr ! lw+G
awn 2IQ.W - Z
= l~-p.oo4
:1 '
..: :,.
-7 r ~ i ~&Z~ t &kwer
a limit of Bearing i.A
limit,
Maximum interference will be when the hole is at its lower limit and t e shaft.is at its upper
ii
I
:. Upper limit of shaft = Lower limit of hole + Maximum interference
I
,' .n't'i>w.
e.
,t ?'amce &f\ =t 6.0011 m.4 j5r:\,,~': I : N ~i t . '.',? 3u.b v., 7"..p ~hfSns.r.3
. ,. , . ..
': ),I .!.: ,.v:<-. ,. ' 5 . ~.i$
,*.v.yi . Q,.;.-!T 3,,\\
i~+.tl,~\., 'c,~,,:;
' .'.S.;r
a I . tr..,
T o b r a q o n m l e = P.016- , .~aic...s .tn ;f\\\.\i:-l?,,;; .,;!n,:..,5;~ ,\c.,\;.
f Lower limit of Hole = Basic Size = 100 mm C
:' .., . '
99.972 0.008
= lil srij ':c
IWb3 & .,a&!$ Zl Jfltr8 99.964 mmi Wi fl R* slslfi~01 p i fk;c;i b9ntrfi r+ .(fS
I
htederenci: '-;"'
, .r.
.-.
!I .-.....vst: b~a~~mtnd
. 6.' What is zero line? - f # , !; 17, a,# ?,q- I
iti%iIk-
-
( ' # t r d ~ * ~ g & % ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. llker&.dto
imum toral c-.l FS #iWW$k ~W?&hi(tgtlili?Iautince &a69 Irihrm. Wermine
the spccificaticrns of the parts k)i@ @Q&
~ . p i ~have
. 9: -7% *@1&!4$ ~ ~ I
tJ.wl D
P T A ti1 s ~ u w @ 3 $&A,,
(b :&A qy r v &;&--;1w ,a b and f ~ ; ~ n i b e ~'~uaIi&
$ 7.1
?-
e to h c e g d i ~ 25i
15 A gear ring of85 mm diameter bore is died bn
r
-
.,, , .itqa-l
I
baabubiresulting ih'a Ha6 h ~ . l e
.+.
&?
tolerances and hence the limits of size for tht h b 'kt& he g& h e . S@$@ttf;t type of fit.
The diamcter steps are 80 mm and 100 mm. 'Ihc 8- fWj.&is 0.- mm.
16. Calculate the fbndamental deviations and tdgwn6~1~ tlW: #am
,$Qr shaft and
hole p i r - + & n a t t as 60 mm HimC The tol-ce unit*is g j ~ p l a
:I,
. i = 0.45 + 0.00i D mi .scsn&~ 3!{~
The diameter steps are 59 m,@ BB mw! Tka: @I ldg~x@&m, for. m shaft is
= + (IT7 - IT6). For quality 7, the multiplier is 16'and that for quality 6 it is 10.
17. Calculate the tolerances, limits and ~lltowuxcsfor a 25 'kid hole pair wigmted u
H,ld,. The diameter steps arc 24 mrn snd 30 mm. The multipl(d.kt quality 8 .is 25. The FD
-4%
for 'd' shaft is - 1 6 P U microns Name the type of fi& jh.9
18. Determine the types of fits p~odUCdaby the following maEg &holes anh
,,/ &
A Textbook &~ProductionEngineering
19. A fit is designated as : 60 mm H,2 h,; D b t e n r r ~ h hi mum' &?&anc!t and m9rnum clearance
.
'
' "'"- of the tit. rn0.d = s$@:@ C
..
.. .i t
(Ans : 0.001 m%&003 m.-0.001 n w W
?B-
mm, TmstioPL:fif
30. In an assembly of journal and bearing, the basis size is 55 mm. The lower deviation, and upper
deviation for bearing is 0 micron and 4 microns respectively. the corresponding values h r
journal are - 3 and -7 microns. Detmine the sizes of journal and bearing and the type of fit.
H.L. = 54.997 mm
-
(Aas : Journal : L.L. = 54.993 mm ' Bearing H-LA= "*Oo4 mm , clearance fit).
L.L. = 55.000 mm
-., .J15#" .: -@in the d i h c e betww t o I - n q , d aljomnce~
Why do m~rm&n~pro&k produce $at& d t b such a wide range af tolerances?
- 33. Thejoumal and M n gwembljr has a basii size of 206 m.For the bearing :
ED.; (Here, L.D.) = 0 micron, and Toterance = 46 micron.
For the journal, the values are - 820 and 115 microns respectively. F a tfiG -4 o f j d
and bearing, assuming unilateral system of tolerances. Alp, +tpmining the allowance and type of
'" ,. ' '; ''tit. Which spkms of fithas,kn adopted? <.
. 4. ijl$
I' I h b: 'J'fl5.? & ' L ~ P , . ~ f c 3
<.I 9 <.
MinimumClm
- 49.9% -W.989 - 0.01?! nun
= M4nbum &e of hole W m u m siza of the shaa
-- --
= Maximum size of hole Minimm size of Be'shaft
-
Since bdfi the maximum andmhiiarrpnc-l an n w v e , the fit obtrdned will be "ineaEemnce
fit" :, ,%,k3 36(! ;,,lii . 1 t P % 4 38,
--
36. Determine the type of fit : .
+ 0.05
Hale size : + 0'05
20 - 0.05
mm ; S ~ : 20 B
- 0.05
9-3' A .,
SI'[ ' :
@huv size ofthehole = 20.05
Minimw size oPtheQole = 19.95 pun
* , , ; , , * i X
. ~ \ c > ; q > < 13; Id,(* ..J& ,-rJy ?I{: : ..j&#( b L : a i
Maximum Qze of the shaft = 20.05 mm
qd t t l d ~ki4d.;.:>/~*:
~ ~
r
*>I: fii .#ficil ,:h
i
* . ' k ; ( ~ ~Tm
:31
~ ' d ~ = 19.* ~6
, . .
I
*---
- f 1
Gauges and Gauge Design 407
(iii) Combined Bore / Face Gauge: The position and parallelism of a bore in relation to a
datum face can be checked by means of a combined bore/face gauge, Fig. 10.38. The pin which
locates in the bore is in effect, 'Go' plug gauge, and the steps ground on the other pin are the
'Go' and 'Not Go' limits for the datum face to hole axis dimension. The length of the plug gauge
needs to be sufficient to enable the length of the 'Go' step on the pin to check for parallelism.
The tolerance on the hole must be less than the tolerance on the dimension to the face for the
gauge to operate satisfactorily.
. it..
_A.
.,c*
, ', ,,,.: , -
/ 4 . . 4 =
,-;,I *
.. I 8 ,
-4,
,I .
ft 8 -.-.---.-.-.-. -....-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
00 Bt3
-&iu I. 1 r. -,.t+, '
*t
-.-.-.- .-.-.-.-.-.-....--.-.-.-.-.--.-
^-
,! ! ' iti .
+I
h - l
, @'
+$,
r I .
. ; ,
.'?.%? ' a h
$
Fig. 10.40. Plug Gauge (combined type)
(ii)lCap Gauge
'Go' side = H.L.of shaft (MMC)
= 24.980 mm.
= ~74.9$'hid
6lie&r*$ .of w & $ ~ ~ i + m ~1ms%Sku
y ~ qnrai f
= 7$.%Z0+ 0.005 (Fig. 10.8)
I
= 75.955 &&
QOl] -
Dimension of plug gauge are given as . t.3
"
- 0.005 FFr fff dq mi - c r 01 J
-0.005
, , . * .
Example 4. The rectangular hole shown in Fig. 10.43 @ a be checked
The "mi* of size for the 'wt?&
+ 0.04
80 m m
- 0.00
4.04
Design the suitabb gauges ?used on Taylor's * -0.00 m
principle. W m
--
-.
-.
Fig.,10.42
a
Solution. According to ~aylor's principfe, there will
be one 'Go Gauge' of full form @a@length e q d to the ;'-' ,- - - -+ "J
:,
length of the hole. There will be' two 'Not Go Gauges;' of p&Z$rm to check the width and breaMh
of the hole. , *vT.=.* &- 5
!I
Enginewing
A Textbook of f k l ~ t i o n
,.,
, !, Gauge marker's t o h n c e (1 0%) : . , I 1: L L . ~ \ . t ~~!qt::? c P
:..i\lnr-..i
Fig. 10.43.
i
I E
Not Go Gauges (Refer Fig. 10.7)
'4 7, '
The 'Not Go Gaugesy will correspond to the mhimum met?! cuwjitim of hole i.e. high
limits of dimensions.
. ,, :.
Basic she of 'NoT Go Gauge' for 50 mm dimwshn n r i 1~3.: I ?:;me :~rclr? c .-r
= 60.04 rn : .-w :li . I Q I Z ~ : .arg: rFOC
:6 ?-1. ,. .. .: -
- ..-
.
.
dimension
. Y*
.__A.
. .are
ir: .. .i.c..,- -*. . . -- ...
:
.-.....2 lo\ ~ l ?
'i~fq~f;:+i-ilj
4
+awl:& + ( p i -
1. What is a gauge?
O*i" + 81,807 &tp pi3 4
2. How dots a gauge differ from a rheasuring instrum&
-4. a! kl 3. --**! Sre - . 4 s o l & ~ ,baPu i w d n.sl;/. IGI-I.,' 11' .9joll(
,.,*. 6 , I l . .,..,v
-
4. What is the di&tonce between standard gauge (non-limit page) and a limit
, ..
e?
airid31
ltadZ
94: ira
.+ 6.
'
*Q
"
What h mu@
I .,.- )I 2
:H : # Q P , P ~
~ d W tdimnce?
s
,.It '
i ~ p w i i &iie
I,
~ n ~d -r
T1
0w0. *'
5Mdw,is ibopaed ia the BdsigB of gauges?
%
13. How the gkgds skula bc c a d for btfore and bRh u3eq' 2 : " '
14. What is M W I I , ,I5 ? , + , , r , a d
15. Determine the specification &$ the 'gdlv a d "n6r 'ga""eiids'of a set of manufacturing and
inspection plug gauges to be used in checking a hole with s ' t c t I l C : l l q n b l 3 ~. -* tc'
+ 0.075 dsloit rs.irirrraa L-J!
diameter specification of 25 mm Ai:t* hh:x.,{. a
0 02 ' << > . $
16. A (haft I00 + m m diameter is to be checked using a 'go-not go' sna! F g e . Give its
ayr!! 3. SP!
dimensions. Anow for wear &d b g e mak&rlstbikrance. r %Yaitaij C Y ~ $r
?,i<li r¶-f.,f, -:, / , I l l , :
17. A limit gauge is required a @he& the hPle 50ma: : : (50 H i , The depth of hole is
200 mm. Design the gauge and sketch it with dimensions.
18. Discuss briefly various a s p e a ttkr W i n g the td-B on limit gauges. 3.1, , :. +:
19. A hole and shaft system has the following dimensions :
60 mm HWc8 - p j r r r l ' J r,q 1;d lo? '3;uhl: 0 3 ) 13d-5r; >\!.I.. - ?:.'F,.~
The standard tolerance is given by ~.:0.()
i = 0.45 (D)lr3+ O.@I D
- I
-- ' I
- - (j";io5;
plug ~aude,GO'& ; 60 * 0.005~mm
, b
d '4
Not Go side : 60.04~- 0.000
0.005 mm CLlI *.
Snap Gauge, Go side 59.854 f kg
Note. Unilateral system has been used. Wear allowance has been neglected; work taYqace being less
than $09 mm;,
,, -,.
$ + I ! & '!
20. The minimum size of a hole is 25.00 mm. Its maximum size is 25.002 mm. When matching
shaft ,8fwrldldis &the f b n M r Z a l Beviation is found to be - 0.02 mm. Shaft
toler&W@ O H 3 m. D d g a &es for hde snd.'shft. TaPce the usual valiles. of gauge
qabfs, t o k w e and wear Jlowyrcc.
21. Design 'GO' aryl 'W.GQ;, awls ,&LpIqg g ~ ~ t tog ~wqwm
i %hd@ pf s b 28.4XW %O 14 mm *
adopting (a) Unilateral system (b)' Bilateral system. . l t'
8 , > >
, -. hi To ml.1 r:
., , ,,a
F .IJ-~>:
3'
%
~ 1\ h * m g ofptsq/&b
1f
jO d%o. , luaa;l:
,.A w o r ~ . ~ ~ & i t a ~ ~ ~ ~ k b . ~ ~ - f r ~ . r i ~ ~
)-s;~ d*.'I jkpi kge 914 G&uhte.'L' &em 49 1°-L58j,Max. did, = 23.42 nnn, min.
,I,- dia 1 3 . 4 Q t ~ .
jAlfigq 7 . , [ b h b .* (D - dY2 an @In; 0 . M ~ m ]
7
1~51 37. w b on wearfar gar$eslakrgsni
t~.J! a: bshrc
I .-.
yZ-,--
v. I .z!fizlwsi
._ . .-I 1
.-.,,,,,,,,fi,&'kiih
16 1 ~ 1 ,r
, r t
2