II.

a) For mesh size 50 x 5 elements simulation,

Maximum velocity = 6.4874 m/s

For mesh size 100 x 10 elements simulation,

Maximum velocity = 6.7102 m/s

For mesh size 1000 x 20 elements simulation,

Maximum velocity = 6.7629 m/s

II.a.i) For mesh size 50 x 5 elements simulation,

experimental−theoretical
Percentage error = | | × 100%
theoretical
6.4874−7
Percentage error = | | × 100%
7

Percentage error = 7.32%

For mesh size 100 x 10 elements simulation,

experimental−theoretical
Percentage error = | | × 100%
theoretical
6.7102−7
Percentage error = | | × 100%
7

Percentage error = 4.14%

For mesh size 1000 x 20 elements simulation,

experimental−theoretical
Percentage error = | | × 100%
theoretical
6.7629−7
Percentage error = | | × 100%
7

Percentage error = 3.39%

From the calculation shown above, it can be seen that the mesh size of 50 x 5 elements
simulation has the highest percentage error of 7.32%, followed by mesh size of 100 x 10
elements simulation with 4.14% and then the mesh size 1000 x 20 elements simulation
 with 3.39%. Therefore, one hypothesis can be made which is the higher the element size,
the lower the percentage error or the more accurate result can be obtained. The minimum
bubbling velocity can greatly affect by the mesh size. Minimum bubbling velocity is the
minimum fluidization velocity index when the first bubble appeared. In other words, the
higher the element size, the lesser the minimum bubbling velocity. Therefore, the mesh
size 1000 x 20 has the lowest percentage error.

II.a.ii) The most suitable mesh size among the 3 simulated mesh sizes are 1000 x 20 elements.
This is because the maximum experimental velocity is closest to the maximum theoretical
velocity which means that it has lowest percentage error. Besides, it has more elements
than the others 2 mesh sizes. The more the elements, the higher the precision of the result
obtained. In addition, the minimum bubbling velocity is lowest in mesh size of 1000 x 20
elements which means that it cannot affect the maximum velocity.