Image Reconstruction for

Small PET System

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Outlines
• Image Reconstruction Algorithm and Detector Evaluation

• Image reconstruction using SRM (Using geometric method)

• Image reconstruction with Time of Flight Information

• Image variation with detector spacing

• Image of real 4 x4 Detector

• Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm (Ke-Chia)

• Summary

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Image Reconstruction Algorithm and Detector geometry

Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method 3

Detection Efficiency and sensitivity
Detection Efficiency alone the Y dimension

Sensitivity of PET: Total number of coincidences to total detected events.

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Image Reconstruction for a large Data Set
Phantom:
A cylinder placed along the X-Axis.
Radius=10mm Height=40mm location center of the mother volume.
Sources:
S1: Activity 986640 decays per secondsx1200, R=1.2mm, height=16 mm
Coordinates (0,0,0)
S2: Activity 586640 decays per secondsx1200, R=1.1mm, height=4 mm
Coordinates (0.0,-5.0,0)
S3: Activity=586640, decays per secondsx1200, R=1.1mm, height=5 mm,
Coordinates (0.0,5.0,0)
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 Iteration # 10

Voxel size=0.8x0.8x0.5 𝑚𝑚 3 Voxel size=0.8x0.8x0.5 𝑚𝑚3

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Source and Phantom Description
Phantom
Volume : Cylinder
Material: Water
Diameter 20mm
Height 40mm

Source
Activity 90000*100
Diameter 14 mm
Height 20 mm
Particle Type Positron
Isotope Oxygen-15
Volume: Cylinder

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Images by Change in detector spacing Voxel size=0.8x0.8x0.5 𝑚𝑚3
Detector Spacing =6cm Detector Spacing =4 cm

3 cm
Voxel size=0.8x0.8x0.5 𝑚𝑚3 Voxel size=0.8x0.8x0.5 𝑚𝑚3

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 Detector Spacing =4cm Detector Spacing =3cm

Voxel size=0.8x0.8x0.5 𝑚𝑚3

Voxel size=0.8x0.8x0.5 𝑚𝑚3

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Accounting the time of Flight Information
Voxel size=0.8x0.8x0.5 𝑚𝑚3 TOF Image
Voxel size=0.8x0.8x0.5 𝑚𝑚3
time resolution=10 ps

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Detector Schematic
Source Properties

• Source Na22

• Diameter 25 cm Double of the detector size

• Height 0.5 m

• We are not very sure about the position of the phantom and the
separation been the detector planes precisely.

• We are not sure about the actual size of the isotope strip inside the
Na22 source

Following Data Files are used

• One from Calibration run 25 mm

• One from the simulated data 11

Reconstructed Image from the simulated Data

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Image for 4 by 4 Detector with real data
Detector Separation 6 cm Geometric SRM Detector Separation 6 cm Geometric SRM

Voxel size=0.8x0.8x0.5 𝑚𝑚3 Voxel size=0.8x0.8x0.5 𝑚𝑚3

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 FISTA
• This algorithm is based on gradient descent , but the advantage is it chose
the step size and descent direction more smarter than only use gradient
descent
• FISTA achieves a second-order convergence rate
• FISTA can be employed to minimize a cost function by convex problems.
• The objective function
• F sought-after object
• H is the system matrix
• b is the project data
• FISTA algorithm
• t is the step size
• x is intermediate image
 Phantom and source setting

Phantom:

• Sphere, Radius = 15mm X_plane = 0, for ite =5

Sources:
• Sphere, Radius = 6 mm
• Activity = 8000 BQ
• Start time = 300 s

Reconstructed Image using coincides data

Source Location of the all (PET Sensitivity 5.2 %)
annihilations (singles)
 Summary and Future study
• The Image reconstruction using geometrically calculated system response matrix (SRM) is checked.

• The image is reconstruction with the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE).

• Depth of Interaction information (DOI) will be in cooperated in the algorithm.

About FISTA
• Reconstruct of whole phantom .

• Make two same activity sources but different size and one activity 1.3e^+07 source, compare them to see the
difference.

• Find the best iteration number to reconstructed image.

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• To include the depth of interaction information (DOI) in algorithm.
Backup

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Distribution of Crystal Ids

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Detector Evaluation
• Detector Efficiency
• Detector Sensitivity
Sensitivity of PET: Total number of coincidences to total events.
(Prompt coincidences) include all kind of coincidences and Random
True coincidences)
True Coincidences: EventID of first single is equal to EventID of second
single and no Compton scattering inside the phantom.
Random Coincidences: Comes in coincidence window but EventID of
one single is not equal to the EventID of second single.

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