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PSAP Operations Guide For Wireless 9-1-1: July 2005
PSAP Operations Guide For Wireless 9-1-1: July 2005
July 2005
Notice
© 2005 Intrado Inc., Longmont, Colorado, USA - All rights reserved. Intrado, triangle beacon design,
Informed Response, and the logo forms of the foregoing, are trademarks and/or service marks of Intrado
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This documentation may not be altered, copied, distributed, published, displayed, or reproduced in whole or
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© 2005 Intrado Inc. All rights reserved.
Trademark Information
1
NENA: National Emergency Number Association; APCO: Associated Public Safety
Communications Officers; and NASNA: National Association of State Nine-One-One
Administrators.
When the FCC’s R&O was released, there were a limited number of location
technologies being used and tested in connection with the Department of Defense and
other research activities. Since that time, wireless use across the country has exploded.
In some markets, customers have actually chosen to discard their wired telephone
service in exchange for the much more portable and sometimes more cost-effective
wireless service. The growth can be seen in these numbers:
Year Number of
Subscribers
1988 2 million
1993 16 million
1999 70 million
2002 134 million
2003 155 million
The first proposed wireless 9-1-1 solution used Call-path Associated Signaling (CAS).
CAS allowed for the caller’s wireless telephone number to be routed along with the voice
call to the PSAP. Both the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) and NENA
supported this solution. This method followed the existing wireline model: the caller’s
number (ANI) would arrive with the voice and be displayed for the call taker. In a wireline
E9-1-1 system, the ANI not only identifies the caller’s telephone number but is used to
retrieve the ALI from the 9-1-1 database. Given that wireless callers are often on the
move and there is no static relationship between their location and their callback
number, a modification was needed to route the call within the existing wireline
infrastructure. The response to this need in a CAS solution was the creation of a
pseudo-ANI (pANI) for each sector of each Phase I cell site. The pANI, like a telephone
number (ANI), is a ten-digit number that cannot be assigned to a wireless subscriber’s
telephone and is only used to provide routing and location information to the wireless
E9-1-1 system. Because the cell site, unlike the wireless telephone, is at a fixed location,
the pANI assigned to a sector of a cell site can be used to route the call to the correct
PSAP and retrieve the ALI from the 9-1-1 database.
A second issue related to ANI delivery was that some wireline systems used a type of
shorthand—or numbering plan digit (NPD)—for identifying the area code of the calling
party. The trunk group delivering each ANI to the selective router represented a specific
area code, or numbering plan area (NPA). In addition, there was a limitation of four
NPAs that any specific selective router could manage. In the wireless environment, a cell
The following table shows the deployment process and roles and responsibilities during
the Phase I deployment process.
Note: Many of the carriers have been granted waivers in reference to the six-month
deadline. Please check the FCC website at www.fcc.gov/911 to verify the new
date requirements.
As in Phase II, the PSAP must coordinate with the LEC and/or 9-1-1 service providers to
ensure the following:
The LEC and/or database provider has the proper interface in place to the
9-1-1 database. The current interfaces are E2, E2 Plus, or enhanced PAM.
The ALI format is modified to allow the display of the latitude/longitude
coordinates.
The 9-1-1 CPE can manually re-query the ALI database to request updates for
the location of the Phase II caller.
If the PSAP has chosen to interface with a mapping system and/or computer-aided
dispatch (CAD) system, the PSAP must make sure the interface and data format from
the 9-1-1 CPE to these systems meets all of the requirements to display and use the
Phase II data properly.
If Intrado has not verified your PSAP boundaries within the previous six months, Intrado
will contact you to verify the wireless jurisdictional boundary.
911 PSAP
Landline Phone Central Office Selective Router
ANI Controller
ALI Controller
Telephone
Information
Location
ANI (TN)
= Voice Path
= Data Path
PSAP's
PSAP'sALI
ALI
What is Phase 0?
Wireless Phase 0 is the delivery of the wireless 9-1-1 call to a PSAP without the display
of any caller information. In most cases, Phase 0 calls are delivered through the public
telephone switch network to the PSAP. However, in some limited situations, Phase 0
calls may be delivered through the 9-1-1 trunks to the PSAP. If the call is delivered on
an administrative line and the PSAP subscribes to caller ID services through its LEC, the
telephone number of the wireless device may be delivered to the 9-1-1 call taker.
Cell Site
911 PSAP
MSC Selective Router
ANI Controller
Workstation
ESRK ESRK
(MSC, Cell Site and Sector IDs,
ORREQ/IAM in Message
ALI Controller
ORREQ Response/
Telephone
Location Info
Callback #
IAM Out
ESRK
(ESRK)
Callback #)
911
ALI Push
(Send)
(ESRK, Loc Info, Callback #)
Cell Site
911 PSAP
MSC Selective Router
ANI Controller
ALI Controller
Telephone
ANI (TN)
Location
Info
911
(Send)
= Voice Path
= Data Path
PSAP's
PSAP's ALI
ALI
Cell Site
911 PSAP
MSC Selective Router
ANI Controller
Location Info
& Callback #
(inc X,Y)
Key
911
Key
(Send)
= Voice Path
PSAP's
PSAP's ALI
ALI
Cell Site
911 PSAP
MSC Selective Router
ANI Controller
Workstation
ESRD (pANI)
ALI Controller
ESRD (pANI)
& Callback #
Telephone
Location Info
& Callback #
(pANI)
ESRD
(inc X,Y)
ESRD
911
WID
(Send)
= Voice Path
PSAP's
PSAP's ALI
ALI
= Data Path
B O U LD E R P S A P M O B L W IR E LE S S C A R R IE R ID
LO C = N S ector cell sector location description
B O U LD E R C O
W IR E LE S S - V E R IF Y
V E R IF Y
V E R IF Y
7 2 0 -1 1 1 -9 6 0 0 3 0 3 5 1 1 -2 3 4 5 E S N : 7 8 7
W IR E L E S S C A R R IE R N A M E
1 2 3 M A IN S T – N S E C T O R ce ll s ecto r lo c atio n d es crip tio n
B O U L D E R P S A P M O B L /W R L S W IR E L E S S C A R R IE R ID
B O U LD E R C O
W IR E L E S S - V E R IF Y
V E R IF Y
V E R IF Y
ALI Controller
Telephone
2
E3
Callback #
ORREQ
ESRK
911
(Send)
gp
CRDB
os loc
)
re at
,Y
q ion
PDE (X
(P
Q P)
ha
RE SA
se
(re
TE (P
2
G st fo
SR q
qu
re
PO r
e
o s
p initial or update)
EQ atio
= Voice Path E2
n)
BSC
SMLC
ALI Controller
Telephone
Callback #
ESRK
Lg
911
(Send)
= Data Path
esposreq (Phase I initial
GMLC and/or PSAP's ALI
PSAP's ALI
Phase 2 location (ESME)
ALI Controller
Telephone
2
E1
Location Info
orreq (response)/
ORREQ/IAM In
Callback #
(inc X,Y)
ES
IAM Out
Key
911
Ca
ES ack
llb
(Send)
RD #
gp
os loc
re at
q io
PDE
(P n
ha
se
(re
location-
e
SR loc
initial or update)
EQ atio
= Voice Path
n)
callback number
(Dynamic Data in Red)
BOULDER CO
WIRELESS – VERIFY
VERIFY
Longitude (X)
and latitude (Y) VERIFY
Q What is the difference between static and dynamic data in ALI records?
Static data is the data that is built into the ALI record and remains unchanged during
the 9-1-1-call process. Dynamic data is the information that is inserted into ALI
records at the time of a 9-1-1 call. Examples of dynamic data are Callback Number,
Cell Site Address and Location Coordinates (Latitude/Longitude). Dynamic data is
generally inserted into ALI by the means of an MPC, GMLC, gateway, a CAMA
conversion device—such as Proctor®, CML, WID, Cell Trace™—or a selective
router with added functionality.
Q Where will the callback number be displayed in the ALI record?
The host ALI provider, along with the PSAP, determines the placement of the
callback number. Considerations include ALI display format and capabilities and
available NENA-standard data fields in the ALI database. The callback number
location is ultimately determined by the LEC and/or PSAP but is typically placed in
the Loc field, the RCF field, or the TN field.
Q What is a cell sector?
Cell sites—or base stations—usually have one or more sectors or receiving
antennas (one sector is most common in rural areas where maximum coverage is
most desired; three or more sectors are common in urban areas where simultaneous
call volume is more of an issue). Each sector is a separate antenna—or an array of
antennas—that emits and retrieves radio frequency (RF) signals. Sectors of multiple-
sector sites typically send and receive RF signals from a particular direction and
have a coverage area shaped roughly like a slice of pie. In the case of Phase I,
identifying the directional orientation of the sector that is handling a 9-1-1 call can
help to identify caller location.
Q How does the cell site recognize the cell phone callback number and
pass it to the MSC?
When a cell phone is used to call 9-1-1, it sends out a radio frequency (RF) signal,
which is picked up or received by an antenna on a cell site. The cell site receives the
radio frequency signal and relays it to the MSC. The RF signal includes the
electronic serial number (ESN), which is a 32-bit number that is coded into the
wireless phone, and the callback number of the phone. The combination of the ESN
and callback number uniquely identifies the account number of the wireless phone
subscriber. Due to upcoming ESN number exhaust, manufacturers will be coding
wireless phones with a machine equipment identifier (MEID). MEIDs are 56 bits, 14
hexadecimal digits, and are much larger numbers than ESNs.
Q Will PSAPs need to spend money to upgrade their CPE for Phase I?
No. If your PSAP is already enhanced, Phase I service does not require any changes
to your CPE.
PSAP Public Safety Answering Point. A facility equipped and staffed to receive 9-
1-1 calls. A Primary PSAP receives the calls directly. If the call is relayed or
transferred, the next receiving PSAP is designated a Secondary PSAP.
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network. The network of equipment, lines, and
controls assembled to establish communication paths between calling and
called parties in N. America. The phone system, including the Network.
Routing Number A number used to facilitate the routing and delivery of a wireless 911 call.
Routing numbers are assigned both in quantity and configuration,
dependent upon the solution set employed. See also ESRD and ESRK.
Rehome The process of relocating the records that serves a specific geographic area
from one switch to another. Rehoming typically affects MSCs and Selective
Routers.
RF Radio Frequency.
SALI Stand-alone ALI. An ALI database, which is maintained locally at the PSAP
on-premise or at a telephone company’s central or regional office.
SCP Service Control Point. A centralized database system used for, among other
things, wireless E9-1-1 service applications. It specifies the routing of 9-1-1
calls from the cell site to the PSAP. The SCP contains special software and
data that includes all relevant cell site location and cell sector identifiers.
SCPs contain centralized network databases for providing enhanced
services. The SCP accepts queries from a STP and returns the requested
information to the originator of the query. They provide the core database
and call processing functions on which telecommunications services are
based. A remote database within the SS7 network that supplies the
translation and routing data needed to deliver advanced network services.
Identifies cell sites sending 9-1-1 calls to the 9-1-1 network. Part of the SS7
network that determines where the call should be connected according to
the digits dialed – usually a database with routing and control information.
Also referred to as a Signal Control Point.
Secondary PSAP A PSAP that only receives emergency calls from the 9-1-1 network as a
result of a transfer. 9-1-1 calls are not routed to secondary PSAPs.
SR or Selective Selective Router. A switch that provides the feature in which 9-1-1 calls
Routing from a central office area that is served by more than one PSAP are
electronically routed to the proper PSAP. The combination of the Routing
ESN and the customer location information accomplish this.
SR / ALI Selective Router Automatic Location Information. An SCC proprietary
product that allows compatible selective routers to query the ALI database
for routing instructions.
STP Signal Transfer Point. The packet switch in the Common Channel Interoffice
Signaling (CCIS) system.
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access. A digital (usually radio) system that allows a
number of users to use the same system by being dynamically assigned a
particular timeslot on request.
TDOA Time Difference of Arrival. A method of location determination using the
time differences at which the radio signal arrives at multiple sites or
antennas in a network.