WILLIAM WORDSWORTH :

MAN AND NATURE

: Wordsworth is interested in the relationship between the natural word and
humanconsciousness. His poetry offers a detailed account of the interaction between
man and nature and the influencesand sensations from this contact.Wordsworth
believed that man and nature are inseparable, man exists not outside the natural
word but is an active participant. Nature includes inanimate and human nature, it
is a source of pleasure and joy, and it teaches man tolove and to act in a moral
way.
THE SENSE AND MEMORY
: For Wordsworth nature was also the world of sense perceptions. He exploitedthe
sensibility of the eye and ear and he believed that we are who we are because of
our physical experiences.The use of our senses leads to simple thoughts that then
become complex ideas. Wordsworth was interested inhow we change through our life
and so memory becomes an important source for a poet and permits the poet togive
poetry its life and power.Wordsworth claimed imagination as his supreme gift, he
used imagination as a synonym of intuition that permitted him to see into reality,
but he never admitted a divorce between it and reality; all genuine poetry
takesorigin from emotion recollected in tranquility. (relationship between past and
present experience). Throughmemory the emotion is reproduced and purified in a
poetic form(�kindred emotion�). = object->poet->sensoryexperience->emotion-
>memorytranquility->kindred emotion->poem->reader->emotion.->
SAMUEL TAYOL COLERIDGE:IMPORTANCE OF IMAGINATION : 2 KINDS :
-PRIMARY : connected with human perceptions and the individual power to reproduce
images, was the ability to perceive the elements of the world and reorder them.
Everybody had it and used it unconsciously.-SECONDARY: was voluntary and used
consciously, while man re-produced reality, the poet re-created it andcreated
something original and personal.
THE POWER OF FANCY :
Fancy was the ability the poet had to use devices like metaphors, alliterations,
inorder to express ideas. It was the way in which he could communicate his ideas
and visions to everybody.
IMPORTANCE OF NATURE:
unlike wordsworth , Coleridge didn�t view nature as a moral guide or a source of
consolation,. His contemplation of nature was always accompanied by a sort of
awareness of the presence of theideal in the real; he didn�t identify nature with
the divine, he saw nature as a sort of perfect world of ideas. primary imagination
(Coleridge) -> recollected in tranquility (Wordsworth)secondary imagination
(Coleridge) -> emotion-copy (Wordsworth)
JOHN KEATS :

THE ROLE OF IMAGINATION :

it was his belief in the supreme value of the imagination which made him aromantic
poet. The imagination of keats is the fruit of two main form:1- the world of his
poetry is predominantly artificial2- keats�s poetry stems from imagination in the
sense that a great deal of his work is a vision of what he wouldlike human life to
be like, stimulated by his own experience of pain and misery.
BEAUTY THE CENTRAL THEME:
contemplation of beauty is the central theme of Keats�s poetry
NEGATIVE CAPABILITY :
is the ability to experience �uncertainties, mystery, doubts, without any
irritablereaching after fact and reason�. That is, the poet is able to put aside
his self-consciousness, his uncertainties and be open to all experiences, and so
identify with the object that he is contemplating.
PERCY BYSSE SHELLEY :

HIS MAIN THEMES:

freedom and love, he refused any form of tyranny, political oppression, social
convention,and believed in a better future.Less disciplined than Wordsworth and
Coleridge, he believed in the principles of freedom and love which heregarded as
remedies for the evil of society. Through love, man could overcome any political,
moral and socialconvention.
THE ROLE OF IMAGINATION:
Shelley defended poetry as the expression of imagination and understood
asrevolutionary creativity, which seriously meant to change the reality of an
increasingly material world. However,Shelley�s reality shows itself to be stronger
than the ideal and desire, and his world refuses to change. The poet is bound to
suffer and isolates himself from the rest of the world, projecting himself into a
better future.
NATURE:
isn�t the real world of Wordsworth�s poem, but a beautiful veil that hides the
eternal truth of the divinespirit. Nature represents the favourite refuge from the
disappointment and injustice of the ordinary world and theinterlocutor of his
melancholy dreams and of his hopes for a better future.