Group 1

Hunting and Gathering Societies

 Human survived primarily by hunting and gathering wild
vegetations ( 10,000 and 12,000 years ago ) ;
 Stone and Wood were used as materials for making tools and
weapons.
 Although primitive in form, simple technologies were evidently
used to cope with the demands of living ( Garcia et al., 1969 ).
 Used simple technology to hunt animals and gather wild
vegetations for survival. They are itinerant in search for food and
gathered only what is enough for a day or a short period of time
due to limited knowledge of preserving food ( Castillo, 1969 ) .
 Ties of kinship were vitally important in which social interactions
revolved in kin roles. Two types of kin roles :
1. Nuclear Family – husband , wife/ wives , and unmarried
children.
2. Extended Family – composes of multiple nuclear families and
this encouraged sharing and serve as a welfare institution.
 Had few formal positions; the only specialized positions were
the “ headman “, the political leader, and the “ shaman “, the
spiritual leader; rewards of these positions were more on
prestige rather than on material possessions ( Yorburg, 1981 ) .
 The social organization of hunting and gathering societies are
relatively simple and equal.

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