UNDERSTANDING

CULTURE, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS

QUARTER 1 | LESSON 4
HUMAN ORIGINS

1
 guide Card

WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?

This module will assist you in encouraging the learners to share and understand man’s social experience
by making wider analysis of man’s relationship to his natural environment.
Please help the learners in sharing their ideas and knowledge from their experiences so that there will be
collaboration and learning will be easy.
Answers are written at the back of this module. Inculcate to the learners the value of honesty while
answering this module.

For the learner

We all have friends, families and people around us. The way we treat them differs in some aspects.
We know how others can sacrifice their own happiness just to make others happy. A simple sharing of
things or being friendly can change the mood of a person.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
 Analyze the significance of cultural, social, political and economic
symbols and practices.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
 Identify Characteristics of Human Society
 Differentiate the types of Human Society
 Evaluate how these types relate to one another

WHAT DO I KNOW?
Let us see how well do you know about the topic.
Begin by answering the Pre-Test on the next page..
Use your notebook in writing your answers.

Direction: Choose the correct letter of your answer from the given choices.
LESSO
HUMAN ORIGINS
1. The natural process of biological change occurring in a population across successive generations .
a. Biology b. Culture c. Evolution d. Sociology
N
2. It is the genus of modern humans and the first group that came out of Africa.
a. Australopithecus b. Homo c. Homo habilis d. Rama
3. considered as earliest known fossil creature identified as definitely man like in form
a. Australopithecus b. Eutherian c. Pithecanthropus
2 d. Ramapithecus
4. This specie is also known as the “Handy Man”
a. Homo erectus b. Homo habilis c. Homo rudolfensis d. Homo sapiens
5. This specie is also known as the " Upright Man"
 4
WHAT’S IN?
Where did we come from? Humans continue to search for the answer to this fundamental question. Over
the years, we've turned to both religion and science to explain where our species came from.

The question of where we humans come from is one many people ask, and the answer is getting more
complex as new proof is emerging all the time.

For most of recorded history humankind has been placed on a symbolic, and sometimes literal, platform.

More so, the evolution of man became an significant concern in the emergence of different societies.
Early man's growth serves as an avenue in analyzing the progress of our society. For two million years, man in
the form of early hominid, was a herd/ tribal animal, primarily a herd herbivore. During the next two million
years the human was a tribal hunter/ warrior. All of the human's social drives urbanized long before he
developed intellectually. They are, therefore, instinctive. Such instincts as mother-love, compassion,
cooperation, curiosity, inventiveness and competitiveness are prehistoric and embedded in the human. Hence,
man's development and character are essential in perceptive the capability for adaptation.

ACTIVITY Card

WHAT’S NEW?
Examine the picture. What does it represent? How
does it explain man’s development? It is a common
understanding that change is the only permanent thing
in this world. Every living thing is dynamic and, as
such, undergoes transformation. Likewise man as the most
important component society, goes through
evolutionary changes that help him adapt to his
environment.
 How long does evolution take?
 Are man’s progression and characteristics essential in understanding the capability of adaptation ?

WHAT IS IT?
DISCUSSION OF ACTIVITY 1
Homo habilis Species with a brain of a Broca's area which is associated with speech in
modern humans and was the first to make stone tools.
Homo habilis The ability to make and use tools is a unique quality to
humans such that the species is recognized to be the first true human.
The species name means " Handy Man." Lived about 2.4 to1.4 million

3
 years ago scavenging for food.
Species characterized by a longer face, larger molar and premolar teeth.
and having a larger braincase compared to habilis particularly larger
Homo rudolfensis
frontal lobes, areas of the brain that processes information.
The species lived about 1.9 to 1.8 million years ago.
The species name means “Upright Man” with body proportions similar to
that of modern human.
Lived 1.89 to 143, 000 years ago; adapted to hot climates and mostly
Homo erectus
spread in Africa and Asia.
They were the first hunters with improvised tools such as axes and
knives, and were the first to introduce fire..
Species with large brow ridge and short wide bodies that lived about 700,
000 to 200, 000 years ago in Europe and Africa.
Homo
They were the first early human species to live in colder climates, first to
heidelbergenesis
hunt large animals on routine basis using spears and first to construct
human shelter.
Species nicknamed “Hobbit” due to small stature with a height of more
Homo floresiensis or less 3 feet and lived 95, 000 to 17, 000 years ago in the island of
Flores, Indonesia along with the dwarfed animal species.
The species name means “Wise Man” that appeared from 200,000 years
Homo sapiens
ago. The present human race belongs to this species.
Species with short yet stocky in body build adapted to winter climates
especially in icy cold places in Europe and Asia. The subspecies, also
Homo sapiens known as “Neanderthal Man,” is the closest relative of modern humans.
neanderthalensis The first to practice burial of the dead, hunting and gathering of food,
and sewing of clothes from animal skin using bone needles. They lived
about 200,000 to 28, 000 years ago.
Subspecies known as Cro-Magnon characterized to be anatomically
modern humans and lived in the last ice age of Europe from 40,000 to
Homo sapiens sapiens 10, 000 years ago.
They were the first to produce art in cave paintings and crafting
decorated tools and accessories.
MAN’S CULTURAL EVOLUTION

Unpolished Stone Polished Stone Tools

Tools

Nomadic Way of Living in Permanent

Living Paleolithic Neolithic Places
Age Age

Hunting and Domestication of

Gathering Plants and Animals

CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN SOCIETY TYPES OF HUMAN SOCIETY

4
 1. Hunting and Food Gathering Societies
• The earliest form of society
RECRUITENT
OF MEMBERS • People survived by foraging for vegetable foods and small
FROM game, fishing, hunting larger wild animals and collecting
WITHIN shellfish.
SUSTAIN • They subsisted from day to day on whatever was
ITSELF RELATIVELY available.
ACROSS LARGE
GENERATION
• They used tools made of stones, woods and bones.
2. Horticultural Societies
CHARACTERISTICS • People learned to use human muscle power and hand-held
OF HUMAN tools to cultivate fields.
• Subsistence farming
SOCIETY  Involves only producing enough food to feed the group
CULTURE-  The settlements are small.
SOCIAL
SHARING SYSTEM  Neighborhood is solid.
 Political organization is confined in the village.
 Authority is based on positions inherited by males
through the kinship system.
TERRITORIAL
• Surplus Farming
 Practiced in thickly populated and permanent
3. Pastoral Societies settlements.
• relied on herding and domestication of animals  There was occupational specialization with prestige
differences.
DEEPENING
• nomadic way of living in never-ending quest
for pasture and water.  Social satisfaction was well established.
• organized along male-centered kinship groups  The community tended to be structured by kinship
4. Agricultural Societies relations that are male-dominated.
• characterized by the use of plow in farming.
Process Questions:
• creation of irrigation system
What is your conceptpopulation
• ever-growing in river-valley
of determining system
the Types of Human Society nowadays?
5. Industrial Societies
How does
• usethe man’s progression
of mechanical and characteristics essential in understanding the
means of production
capability of adaptation?
• creates highly organized system of exchange between suppliers and industrial manufacturers
• highly secularized
6. Post-industrial Societies
• depends on specialized knowledge to bring about continuing progress in technology.
• characterized by the spread of computer industries.

ENRICHMENT Card

WHAT’S MORE?
GUIDED ACTIVITY 1 Complete the puzzle below by finding the
FIND YOUR ROOTS species and characteristics of human
origin.

5
Homo
H habilis
W R G H O M O E R E C T U S T Y G J G
Homo
O rudolfensis
S P M A J L P J A L I M P I P Q Y H D
Homo
M erectus
F O N P I F H I L Q J A M F Q A H O C
O G H B
Homo H O M O H A B I L I S I Q N M G
S H O V
heidelbergenesis H M C M K D D K K B O O A U O V
A J B C H E M O K L G K C K I F D J H D
Homo floresiensis
P L B X N D N R K C R O M A G N O N E V
Homo sapiens
I Q I Z G A F U F K A N I N Q Q H M I G
HomoE sapiens
W T G W I M D K I S A N H C O J I D H
neanderthalensis
N P O H H O M O F L O R I E N S I S E K
HomoS sapiens
S D H D C M L G Q J Q H P N S K K L L
sapiens
N A H K N K L F P K C G O E F H G O R Q
WiseE Man
O I O L L G E K C P S M A V A F L G Q
A I L O H D P N J V K C A O L N E P E W
Upright Man
N U K M F H I S F B K U B O M D S Q N E
Handy Man
D Y J H H B S I Q H S H U B U Y X A E R
Hobbit
E T H F Q Q K S P Q D P K E G M V Z S Q
CroRMagnon
R G H O M O S A P I E N S M A H W I A
T E F D G N S U G T J T U B L N L S S Z
H W D Q O A M C A S I H P R E V U X R W
A Q S Y P P W S S D D S B I F C O E F S
L Q A U O I I O H P O G R G O I Y D V X
E W H O M O S A P I E N S S A P I E N S
N S R A J H E J J J C N M E H R D R T S
S H F N B D M G I A N I F T C I D F G W
I K V R B O A U P R I G H T M A N Y B E
S L E E R G N O E R N E G A R H D H R D

6
 GUIDED ASSESSMENT 1
Make your prediction by matching Column B with Column A.
Write the letter of your answer on the space provided before each number.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. Species characterized by a longer face, larger molar and premolar A. Homo habilis
teeth.
B. Homo rudolfensis
2. Species with large brow ridge and short wide bodies that lived
about 700, 000 to 200, 000 years ago in Europe and Africa. C. Homo erectus
3. Subspecies known as Cro-Magnon characterized to be anatomically
D. Homo
modern humans and lived in the last ice age of Europe from 40,000
to 10, 000 years ago. heidelbergenesis
4. Species with short yet stocky in body build adapted to winter
E. Homo floresiensis
climates especially in icy cold places in Europe and Asia.
5. The species name means “Wise Man” that appeared from 200,000 F. Homo sapiens
years ago. The present human race belongs to this species.
G. Homo sapiens
6. Species with a brain of a Broca's area which is associated with
speech in modern humans and was the first to make stone tools. neanderthalensis
7. Species nicknamed “Hobbit” due to small stature with a height of
H. Homo sapiens sapiens
more or less 3 feet and lived 95, 000 to 17, 000 years ago in the
island of Flores, Indonesia along with the dwarfed animal species.
8. The species name means “Upright Man” with body proportions
similar to that of modern human.

LET’S
GUIDED ACTIVITY 2 DO
THIS!
HIT YOUR TARGET
Know and hit your target by drawing an arrow or dart on the board if the statement about
HUMAN SOCIETY is TRUE or leave it if it is FALSE.

1. Human Society is a 2. The Human Society 3. Human Society recruits

social system. is relatively small. its members from within.

4. Human Society does not 5. Human Society sustains itself

require a territory of its own. across generations.

GUIDED ASSESSMENT 2
Put a on the circle if it signifies a true characteristic of HUMAN SOCIETY.

Put a on the blank circle if it signifies

a true characteristics of a HUMAN
SOCIETY.
7
 RECRUITENT OF MEMBERS CULTURE-SHARING
FROM WITHIN

SUSTAIN ITSELF ACROSS TERRITORIAL

GENERATION

RELATIVELY LARGE SOCIAL SYSTEM

GUIDED ACTIVITY 3
Color your path by using crayons or color pencils. Your answer will lead you to the next problem.
Continue until you find your way to reach the finish.

GUIDED ASSESSMENT 2
IT’S PROCESSING TIME!
Answer the following questions in 2-3 senteces. Use the space provided.
What males human beings an
important component in the
development of early society?
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
_____________________
8

__________________________________________
 How do early societies differ from
one another? Explain

Reflection Card

WHAT HAVE I LEARNED?

Answer the following questions in 3-5 sentences.
1. Study your own community. write statements about the socioeconomic changes that occur iin your
community.
2. Identify the different local government policies of ordinances connected to community planning and
development.

WHAT CAN I DO?

Fill up the table with the correct information.
Write 2-3 sentences as your answer.

Types of Human Society Characteristics

1. Hunting and Gathering of
Foods
2. Horticultural Societies
3. Pastoral Societies
4. Agricultural Societies
5. Industrial Socities
6. Post – industrial Societies

9
 ASSESSMENT Card
Read the short selections and make predictions. Choose the best answer by writing the letter of your answer on
a separate sheet of paper
1. The natural process of biological change occurring in a population across successive generations.
a. Biology b. Culture c. Evolution d. Sociology
2. It is the genus of modern humans and the first group that came out of Africa.
a. Australopithecus b. Homo c. Homo habilis d. Rama
3. It is considered as the earliest known fossil creature identified as definitely man like in form.
a. Australopithecus b. Eutherian c. Pithecanthropus d. Ramapithecus
4. This specie is also known as the “Handy Man”
a. Homo erectus b. Homo habilis c. Homo rudolfensis d. Homo sapiens
5. This specie is also known as the " Upright Man"
a. Australopithecus b. Homo habilis c. Homo sapiens d. None of these
6. The earliest tools used by prehuman primates
a. Arrows b. Broken pebbles c. Gatling gun d. Spears
7. It refers to the period of flaked and polished stone implements
a. Marsupial Period b. Mesolithic c. Neolithic d. Paleolithic
8. It refers to a relatively high level of cultural and technological development of human beings.
a. Civilization b. Community c. Nation d. Society
9. It refers to genetic variation among human groups that characterizes their com mon biological traits along
with supposedly correlated other traits.
a. Ancestry b. Civilization c. Ethnicity d. Race
10. The cultural differences among groups of people bounded by certain cultural and historical commonalities
that establish their unique identity.
a. Ancestry b. Civilization c. Ethnicity d. Race
11. It is the earliest form of human society.
a. Agricultural Societies c. Hunting and Food Gathering Societies
b. Horticultural Societies d. Pastoral Societies
12. It relied on herding and domestication of animals for food and clothing to satisfy the greater needs of the
group.
a. Agricultural Societies c. Hunting and Food Gathering Societies
b. Horticultural Societies d. Pastoral Societies
13. There societies were characterized by the use of the plow in farming.
a. Agricultural Societies c. Hunting and Food Gathering Societies
b. Horticultural Societies d. Pastoral Societies
14. It is characterized by more than the use of mechanical means of production.
a. Horticultural Societies c. Industrial Societies
b. Hunting & Food Gathering Societies d. Post-industrial Societies
15. It depends on specialized knowledge to bring about continuing progress in technology.
a. Horticultural Societies c. Industrial Societies
b. Hunting & Food Gathering Societies d. Post-industrial Societies

REFERENCE Card

10
Baleña, Erlinda D. et al., Understanding Culture, Society and Politics, Educational Resources
Corporation, Quezon City, 2016, p.24-33

ANSWER KEY
Guided Activity 2 Guided Assessment 2
Assessment What's More

C
Guided Activity 1
C
A
B
D
B
C
D
A
C Guided Assessment

C
Guided Activity 3
B
A
C
D

11