Professional Documents
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Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person - GRADE 11 / 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1: Module 4: Freedom of the Human Person
First Edition, 2020
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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This learning resources hope to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking consideration their needs
and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
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What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one.
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3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
To have a clear understanding of what course of action to take will lead you to
a better results or consequences. This is what this module made for—for you to have
a clear and better understanding and realize that all your all actions have
consequences that will later on guide you in the future.
Learning Competencies:
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
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What I Know
Directions: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your answers.
6. Ian Anthony is a very secretive person. However, he realized that being open to
others can build trust and promotes healthy and friendly environment. Which of
the following would be the result if he decides being open to others?
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A. He will win the confidence and trust of others
B. He will be gaining more friends
C. He will be better understood by others
D. None of the above
8. Samuel is a good man. He never hesitates to help people in his town especially
those in need by giving whatever available things or foods at his disposal. What
do you thinks exemplify Samuel’s action?
10. A _______________ is either an act that is morally forbidden for people to do.
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Lesson
Realize that “All actions have
5 consequences”
You have heard it said, “You will reap what you sow” This maxim is a great
reminder that whatever a person think, say and do in life will have a consequences
that ultimately affect us and those of others. Like a man risking his health by giving
food packs to the poor in the midst of COVID-19 pandemic truly increases the
wellbeing of others. Or take the case of a man who was immediately arrested without
warning by the Philippine National Police (PNP) for breaking the rules of Enhance
Community Quarantine (ECQ) ended up getting arrested or worst put behind bars.
Each man receives the reward according to his deeds. You may either suffer from
your action or will benefit from it. It must be clear in one’s mind that all actions have
consequences.
What’s In
Directions: Observe and analyse the pictures below and give the appropriate action
and consequences of the shown image in the pictures based on your
observation. Choose the appropriate action and consequences in the box.
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ACTION CONSEQUENCES
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3.__________the classroom 4. __________ breaking
the ECQ rules
Consequence:_____________________
Consequence:____________________
________________________________
_______________________________
________________________________
_______________________________
What’s New
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A torrent of tears cleansed the face of the brother who had stolen. All
the desire to steal had vanished.
Senzaki, S., & Reps P. (trans. 1957). Zen flesh, Zen bones; A collection of Zen
and pre-Zen writings. Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle.
Activity 3: Pika-Pika DATA RETRIEVAL CHART
Directions: After reading the story, complete the data retrieval chart below by identifying all
actions, their categories and consequences stipulated in the story and answer the
guide questions below.
Category of Actions
Actions Consequences Right Wrong
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3. Based on the data retrieval, do you realize now that ‘all actions have consequence?’
Elaborate and justify your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
4. How are you going to improve yourself from what you have learned in the story to show
your affection act of compassion with others?
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
5. What conclusion can you make on the information you have gathered on the retrieval
chart?
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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What it is?
What is action? What does it mean to say that a person is acting? While these
questions may invite the typically commonsensical answer from people, they are at the
same time two concerns that are at the center of the branch of philosophy called
philosophy of action. It is therefore not surprising that these questions elicit different
answers from different philosophers. Nevertheless, this does not have to stop from
providing our own criteria of what counts as action based on common understanding and
experience from the universally accepted principle of moral action to arrive a descriptive
definition of action. Here are the criteria that define action:
• Second criterion is that action involves people’s belief and desires. Once one
identifies the right beliefs and corresponding desires, one can see whether the
action is rational or irrational. A belief that fails to lead the satisfaction of desires
may be irrational depending on the context. For instance, if one desires to
quench thirst, it would be irrational to address that desires by believing that dry
leaves would quench thirst and acting on that belief. The belief and desire must
be distinctively appropriate for one another to make the action rational.
When we are faced with a morally significant situation, we often turn to the nature of
the action and decide whether the action done is right or wrong. Although these two
categories are common in moral discourse, they can mean different things and can be
categorized in several ways. Let us move forward to the categories of right and wrong
action:
1. A right act - An act is right if it maximizes good Bentham (1907). It just seems
more appropriate that when we talk about right actions, we are talking about
actions that bring about a certain good or produce morally significant
consequences. With that in mind, there are two kinds of right actions:
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The act of giving in the midst of pandemic while risking one’s life to save
others from inevitable hunger is an act of utmost good but is not
obligatory.
Whatever course of action a person wants to take it involves affecting some states of
affairs in the world. It is inevitable that the action of any individual would produce some
consequences, however inconsequential. And since human beings are naturally
designed to value some goods and avoid others, human actions can either increase or
decrease the wellbeing of others, and this fact make us accountable for our actions by
other human beings. It means that our actions have consequences that make us morally
responsible for them.
Now that you have read and understood the meaning action its criteria, categories and
the consequences it may bring show your learning through the following activities
What’s More
Directions: Go back to the story entitled RIGHT AND WRONG then formulate and list all
possible DO’S and DON’TS actions you can possibly ever think of
stipulated from the story that bring about moral implications or
consequences.
DO’S DON’TS
✓ Action:_______________________ ▪ Action:_______________________
Cons.:_______________________ Cons.:_______________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
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✓ Action:_______________________ ▪ Action:_______________________
Cons.:_______________________ Cons.:_______________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
✓ Action:_______________________ ▪ Action:_______________________
Cons.:_______________________ Cons.:_______________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
✓ Action:_______________________ ▪ Action:_______________________
Cons.:_______________________ Cons.:_______________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
✓ Action:_______________________ ▪ Action:_______________________
Cons.:_______________________ Cons.:_______________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________
Guided question:
2. Do you agree or disagree at one point that there are actions to some degree like act
of compassion or act of giving can lessen the destructive effect of the consequences
caused by wrongdoings or wrong acts? Justify your answer.
3. Based on your work do you really believe that your Do’s and Don’ts can somehow
provide you set of guidelines or set of standards for action to prevent you from
unnecessary trouble or consequences in the future? Justify your answer
Directions: Study and analyse the pictures below. Elaborate your observation
through writing the differences and similarities of two pictures using
Venn diagram and using your gathered data answer the following
guide questions:
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PICTURE A PICTURE B
PICTURE A PICTURE B
SIMILARITIES
Guide Questions:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
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2. As a Senior High School student, how can you use your observation to promote
actions that bring about positive moral implications or consequences?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. As a student, how can you help other student realize that all actions have
consequences? Elaborate your answers.
What I Can Do
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Assessment
How are you? I hope you enjoyed the lesson 1. Okay let’s see how much you
have learned.
Write your answer on your test notebook.
_____1. A wrong act is an act that is morally forbidden for people to do so.
_____2. Risking your life to save others from inevitable dangers is an
example of a wrong act.
_____3. No one is morally required to act heroically and forfeited one’s life as
a consequence from such act to save others from danger or death.
_____4. Giving food packs in the midst of pandemic is against the established
standard of ethical principles.
_____5. Jeno exhausts all the means to get medicines to cure his sick
mother but all to no avail. No other option left for him but to steal
the medicines from a pharmacy. His action, in this case, is morally
justified since to do it (stealing) was his only and last option.
_____6. Taking advantage of the crisis situation by offering your help to your
neighbour and expecting something in return is considered a right action.
_____7. Murder is an example of right action.
_____8. Doing things right falls under the category of right act.
_____9. All actions have consequences that make us morally responsible for
others.
_____10. Stealing is right as long as you will not be caught.
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Additional Activities
Directions: Use the key terms/concepts/informations below to solve the crossword puzzle.
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1 4
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ACROSS DOWN
5. An act that is morally required for people 6. One that morality requires you to
to do. perform; it is not permissible for you to
refrain from doing it.
7. Involves some sort of physical movements.
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Answer Key
1. a 6. c
2. b 7. c
3. d 8. a
4. a 9. b
5. b 10. a
Across Down
7. Action
1. disciplinary action.
2. studying – Increase the possibility getting a highest score during examination
3. Cleaning – You will have a clean and comfortable classroom necessary in learning.
4. Wandering around – Arrested for breaking the rules of Enhance Community Quarantine
(ECQ).
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Answers may vary
1. T 6. F
2. F 7. F
3. T 8. T
4. F 9. T
5. F 10. F
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References
Feinberg, Joel. “Supererogation and Rules.” In Ethics, ed. Judith J. Thompson and
Gerald Dworkin. New York: Harper and Row 1968.
Senzaki, S., & Reps P. (trans. 1957). Zen flesh, Zen bones; A collection of Zen and
pre-Zen writings. Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle.
Sidgwick, Henry. The Method of Ethics. London (7th ed.): Macmillan, 1907.
(n.d.). Dictionary by Merriam-Webster: America’s most-trusted online dictionary.
Retrieved from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary
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