PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

FIRST SEMESTER
12
Module 1

EXPLORING THE CHARACTERISTICS

OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

By:
Daniel A. Lorenzo, MATS
M.B. Asistio Sr. High School Unit-1

Most Essential Learning Competency: Describes characteristics,

strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research
(CS_RS12-Ia-c-1).
 To the Learners
Before starting this module, I want you to divert your commitment and attention in
accomplishing this module while having fun. As general guide in utilizing this module,
carefully read the set of instructions listed below for you to be guided on how to
successfully attain the objectives of this kit.

1. Read and carefully follow all the guidelines, contents, procedures, and instructions
indicated in every page of this module.

2. This module provides provisions where you can write your answers.

3. Write key concepts and notable ideas you will encounter while using this module on
your notebook to enhance your acquisition of key concept from each lesson.

4. Perform and accomplish all the learning tasks and activities in the module.

5. Coordinate with your teacher for clarifications, misconceptions and elaboration of the
lessons and learning tasks.

6. Enjoy while utilizing this module and have fun learning!

Expectations

In this module, you will investigate the different characteristics, strengths,

weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research.

Specifically, this module will help you to:

1. Describe the characteristics of quantitative research;

2. Explain the strenghts and weaknesses of quantitative research; and
3. Compare and contrast the different kinds of quantitative researches.

Q1-WEEK1 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

 Pretest
Directions: Read and analyze each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct
answer on space provided before each number.

____1. Which of the following BEST describes quantitative research?

A. Relies on statistical analysis

B. Relies on unstructured instrument

C. Relies on small sample size

D. Relies on immersion with the population.

____2. Which of the following is a kind of qualitative research?

A. Ethnography B. Experimental C. Historical review D. Phenomenology

____3. Which is TRUE about the kind of data being utilized in a quantitative research?

A. Quantitative research utilizes historical accounts as data.

B. Quantitative research utilizes historical qualitative data.

C. Quantitative research utilizes numerical data.

D. Quantitative research utilizes physical data.

____4. Which of the following is TRUE about the characteristics of quantitative

research?

A. The data are in the form of qualities of a population.

B. The research study has low reliability.

C. The data are usually gathered using unstructured instrument.

D. The results are based on larger samples sizes.

____5. Which kind of quantitative research investigates the relationship between

variables?

A. Correlation research C. Evaluation research

B. Experimental Research D. Survey research

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 2
Looking Back

Directions: Identify the terms associated with Research by encircling each word in
the word puzzle below. In addition, expound your research vocabulary by explaining the
identified words and relating it on your prior knowledge about inquiry and research.

WORD PUZZLE

Q E X P E R I M E N T F D A T A Q

U R C S S E I N S T R U M E N T U

L E O Y T S P I A D C F H J I O A

I L N D A E O V A R I A B L E B N

T I C F T A P O M N F S C G D S T

A A L A I R U I N Q U I R Y D E I

T B U D S C L G R T S F H C S R T

I I S G T H A S A M P L E G H V A

V L I C I U T F F R Y F S B S A T

E I O D C T I D F S F C F R H T I

F T N T S R O F I N D I N G S I V

G Y T J F B N U M E R I C A L O E

M E T H O D O L O G Y F R A V N F

H A D J D E A L V A L I D I T Y R

L I T E R A T U R E S U R V E Y X

Brief
I Introduction

Characteristics of Quantitative Research

the aim of quantitative research is to contribute to the body of knowledge which

aids in explaining, understanding, predicting and investigating different phenomena
using a well structured instruments which is used to gather numerical data which
eventually subjected to statistical treatment for analysis, interpretation and presentation
to better understand how we perceived different phenomena around us. Lastly, its main

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objective is to interpret and explain numerically the perception of the target population to
come up with a conclusion which can be used to generalized certain phenomena

1. OBJECTIVE. Quantitative research observes accurate measurement and analysis of

certain variable which does not rely on intuitions and not influenced by personal
preferences and point of view of the researcher as quantitative research is inclined in
measuring what is intended to be measured free from personal biases.

2. NUMERICAL DATA. Tables, graphs and figures are utilized in the presentation of
numerical data for easier interpretation and analysis.

3. STRUCTURED RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS. Quantitative data is gathered using a

well-established research instrument such as questionnaires and checklists to ensure
reliability, accuracy and validity of data to be gathered.

4. DEFINED RESEARCH QUESTIONS. Quantitative research questions are well-

defined as each question answers all the aspects/variables stipulated in research title.

5. REPLICATION. Quantitative research may be subjected to replication and repetition

in order to test the reliability and consistency of the results obtained.

6. LARGE SAMPLE SIZES. Large sample size is considered in conducting quantitative

research in order to ensure well representativeness in developing conclusion which will
be used to generalize the population.

7. FUTURE OUTCOMES. Results and conclusions derived from quantitative study can
be used to predict future results and establish causal relationship between variables.

STRENGHTS OF QUANTITATIVE WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE

RESEARCH RESEARCH
1. Numerical data and large sample size 1. Large sample size is needed in
allows quantitative research to come up establishing reliable generalization.
with objective and reliable results. 2. reproduction of research instruments
2. The use of statistical tools allows covering large sample size is expensive.
quantitative research to analyze, present, 3. Numerical data obtained often times
and interpret large sample size easily. are superficial as contextual data are
3. A well-structured and well-defined often neglected.
quantitative research limits external 4. Sensitive issues and information are
variables which influence biases. difficult to gather using structured
4. Large sample size leads to reliable research instruments.
conclusion which can be used to 5. Numerical data obtained often times
generalize the entire population. are incomplete and respondents may

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5. Quantitative studies are replicable. guess and not respond seriously and
honestly.

TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCHES

1. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN. This allows the researcher to manipulate

variables to identify causal relationship or degree of effectiveness of an intervention.

TRUE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN. Employs experimental and control setups in

order to test the extent of effectiveness of an intervention with well-established pre-
experimental sample selection process.

QUASI – EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN. This design involves selecting sample

groups, upon which an intervention is, without any random pre-selection processes.

2. DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN. This design observes the perception of the respondents

regarding certain phenomena as they occur naturally.

A. SURVEY. This design is used in gathering data from large group of population
which is used to identify the general perception of the population as it offers a general
picture of how large population perceived certain phenomena.

B. CORRELATIONAL. This design aims to establish correlation and relationship

among variables being studied.

Bivariate Correlational Studies. Gathers 2 data from 2 variables from

one subject and establishes their correlation. (Example: Student with complete
family (variable one), and wealthy parents (variable 2) performs better
academically).

Prediction Studies. Utilizes predictor variable to predict the criterion

variable. (Ex: Which JHS students must be admitted to different SHS
programs?)

C. CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE. This design utilizes past observations and

conclusions in deriving generalizations and predictions to explain why and how certain
scenario or phenomena happens.

D. COMPARATIVE. This design compares and contrasts two populations considering

as to how they perceive, assess, or view certain variable.

E. NORMATIVE. This design describes the norm level of certain attributes for a given
behavior as observed by the population.

F. EVALUATIVE. This design aims to assess the conduct, progress, implementation

and processes involved in the implementation of certain program, event, or activity.

G. METHODOLOGICAL. This design utilizes different approaches and methodologies

in establishing scale-matched approached whereas data obtained from across
disciplines can be integrated.

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 Activity 1
Directions: Answer the following by writing on the space provided before each number
the word/s being asked. Choose the correct answer from the box given below.

_________________1. Results and conclusions derived from quantitative study can be

used to predict future results and establish causal relationship between variables.

_________________2. This design compares and contrasts two populations

considering as to how they perceive, assess, or view certain variable.

_________________3. Tables, graphs and figures are utilized in the presentation of

numerical data for easier interpretation and analysis.

_________________4. This design involves selecting sample groups, upon which an

intervention is, without any random pre-selection processes.

_________________5. Quantitative data is gathered using a well-established research

instrument such as questionnaires and checklists to ensure reliability, accuracy and
validity of data to be gathered.

_________________6. This design utilizes different approaches and methodologies in

establishing scale-matched approached whereas data obtained from across disciplines
can be integrated.

_________________7. Quantitative research may be subjected to replication and

repetition in order to test the reliability and consistency of the results obtained.

_________________8. This design utilizes past observations and conclusions in

deriving generalizations and predictions to explain why and how certain scenario or
phenomena happens.

_________________9. This design is used in gathering data from large group of

population which is used to identify the general perception of the population as it offers
a general picture of how large population perceived certain phenomena.

_________________10. This allows the researcher to manipulate variables in order to

identify causal relationship or degree of effectiveness of an intervention.

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 Activity 2
Directions: Match item in COLUMN A with those of COLUMN B by writing the letter of
the correct answers in the space provided before each number.

Column A Column B
______1. Gathering the test scores from two variables for each
learner in order to establish correlation among them. A. Bivariate
______2. Meeting of minds among the population as they have Correlational
similar perception towards certain phenomena. B. Census
______3. Assess the conduct, and implementation involved in the C. Comparative
implementation of certain program, event, or activity D. Correlational
______4. Utilizes predictor variable to predicts criterion variable. E. Descriptive
______5. Researcher describes the norm level of certain behavior F. Evaluative
______6. Test scores obtained by untreated group is compared to G. Causal
the test scores obtained by treated group. Comparative
______7. Pretest conducted by the teacher was used to identify H. Normative
the effectiveness of an intervention. I. Prediction
______8. Used in establishing the general perception of the J. Quasi
sample population with large sample size. Experimental
______9. Testing an intervention to a group without administering K. Survey
pre-selection process. L. True
______10. Researching on how and why certain scenario or Experimental
phenomena happens.

Activity 3

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, and if it is not, change the
underlined words to correct the given statement.

_____________1. Quantitative research utilizes numerical data.

_____________2. Quantitative research relies on small population size.

_____________3. Unstructured instruments are used in gathering quantitative data.

_____________4. Replicating quantitative research is used to test its reliability.

_____________5. Quantitative research cannot be replicated.

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 Remember

 Characteristics of quantitative research are objectivity, clearly defined

research questions, structured research instruments, numerical data, large
sample size, replicability and future outcomes.

 Quantitative research strengths are reliable results and conclusions, allows

easier analysis and interpretation of large data, limits external biases, and
replicable.

 Quantitative research weaknesses are large sample size, expensive

reproduction of instruments, numerical data are often superficial, difficulty in
gathering data on sensitive issues, and respondents may guess and provide
incomplete data.

 Quantitative research can be classified into experimental and descriptive

research designs.

 Reliability refers to the consistency of the results obtained from the respondents

 Validity refers to the appropriateness of the research instruments to be used in

data gathering.

Check Your Understanding

Directions:
Directions:
Create a Graphic organizer indicating
Using a Fish Bone Graph, identify
the kinds of Quantitative research
the strengths and weaknesses of
with their respective purpose. In
Quantitative research and provide
addition, identify situation, scenario,
ways on how you will address each
topic or phenomena where each kind
of the identified weaknesses.
are appropriate to be used.

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 Post-Test
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the
blank provided before the number.

____1. Which of the following refers to the characteristic of quantitative research which
is vital in establishing reliable generalization and conclusion?

A. Large Sample Size B. Numerical Data C. Replication D. Objective

____2. Which design compares and contrasts two populations as to how they perceive,
assess, or view certain variable?

A. Comparative B. Correlational C. Experimental D. Survey

____3. Which research design allows researcher to investigate the significant

relationship between two or more variables?

A. Correlational B. Experimental C. Methodological D. Survey

____4. Which of the following is being done in order to check reliability of the findings?

A. Large Sample Size B. Replication C. Numerical Data D. Objective

____4. Which of the following is NOT a weakness of quantitative research?

A. Data analysis B. Expensive C. Numerical Data D. Superficial

Reflection
Directions: Based on your understanding about the different lessons presented in this
module, express your critical and creative understanding of each lesson by
accomplishing this Reflective Learning Sheet and answering the questions inside the
boxes. Good Luck and Have fun answering!

How did my How will I apply What are the

understanding What learnings the concepts I positive attitudes
about this module have I found from have learned in and values I
changed my this module? my day to day developed from
perception about living? this module?
certain things?

Q1-WEEK1 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2