WIRELESS

COMMUNICATIONS
Carlos Pupiales Y.
chpupiales@utn.edu.ec
Outline:
• Introduction
• History
• Wireless Networks
• Applications
• The market for Wireless
• Standard Bodies
• Challenges
• Extras

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Introduction

• A wireless communication allows to transmit information using

the air as a medium of communication.

Why wireless?

Why wired?
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A Brief History

• Maxwell and Hertz were the first who wrote the principles to use the
electromagnetic waves to transmit information.
• Tesla demonstrated that wireless communications are possible and he
performed the first wireless communication.

• Tesla developed the first radio system;

however, Marconi was awarded with the
Nobel Price for this. Unfair?
• Military applications drove the wireless
communications to a next level because of the
research performed during and after the
WWII.

Source: F. Molisch, Wireless Communications, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2011.

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A Brief History (2)
• In 1946, the first mobile telephone system was installed
in USA.
• In 1957, the URSS’ satellite “Sputnik” made possible
satellite communications.
• In 1970, Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NNT)
developed the first commercial cellphone system.
Source: www.mirror.co.uk

Source: www.corp.att.com
Source: wikipedia.org

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Wireless Networks
• WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network)
• Health monitoring sensors.
• Wearables.
• Entertainment devices.

• Applications:
• Sports, electronics, military
• security, health care, and more.

• Protocols:
• Zigbee, Bluetooth. Source: IEEE life science

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Wireless Networks
• WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network)
• Short distances (< 10m).
• Mainly to interconnect with peripheral devices such as PC, printers, speakers,
and mobile phones.
• Low data rate (ussually less than 1Mbps).

• Applications:
• Monitoring, health care, security, data transfer entertainment, remote control.

• Protocols:
• Zigbee, Bluetooth, Ultrawideband, IR.

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Wireless Networks
• WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
• To interconnect devices in an office, house, or building.
• Coverage less than 100 m.
• Applications:
• Share files, Internet access
• home entertainment, control,
• monitoring, and more.
• Protocols:
• Wi-Fi, HomeRF, HiperLAN
• DLNA, IGRS, and UPnP
Carlos Pupiales Y. - 2018 Source: www.nict.go.jp 9
Wireless Networks
• WMAN (Wireless Metropolitan Area Network)

• It expands the coverage of a simple WLAN.

• It provides coverage to metropolitan areas.

• High speed access.

• Applications:

• Last mile access or private/public networks.

• Protocols: Source: Wikipedia

• WiMax, Mobile-Fi, HiperMan, HiperAccess

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Wireless Networks
• WAN (Wide Area Networks)

• Large distances coverage.

• Support handover, high speed mobility.

• High capacity (Relatively)

Cellular Networks Satellite Networks

Source: www.udec.cl Source: www.jabasat.com

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Applications
Transportation
Smart Buildings
Systems

Personal Communications Wireless

Communications Networks Communications

Healthcare Services Smart Grid

From KTH University

Industry
Process

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Global Mobile Market

Source: GSMA

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Global Mobile Market (2)

Source: GSMA Intelligence

https://www.gsmaintelligence.com/research/2017/02/the-mobile-economy-2017/612/

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Local Mobile Market
14,000,000 120.00%
111.20%
110.09% 109.84%
107.51%
104.39%
12,000,000
96.07% 100.00%
89.83% 89.54%90.08%90.92%90.75%
85.14% 87.33%87.67%88.01%88.45%89.04%
84.70%
10,000,000
80.00%

8,000,000

60.00%

6,000,000

40.00%
4,000,000

20.00%
2,000,000

0 0.00%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Ene Feb Mar Abr May Jun Jul Ago
2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018
CONECEL OTECEL CNT DENSIDAD NACIONAL DE LÍNEAS ACTIVAS

Source: ARCOTEL

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Local Mobile Market
Active Subscribers per Technology
18,000,000

16,000,000

14,000,000

12,000,000

10,000,000

8,000,000

6,000,000

4,000,000

2,000,000

0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Ene Feb Mar Abr May Jun Jul Ago
2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018

CDMA GSM UMTS HSPA + LTE

Source: ARCOTEL

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 IoT Market

Source: State of the Market:

Internet of things 2017, Verizon.

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Standard Bodies

• IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.

• FCC: Federal Communications Commission.
• ITU-R: International Telecommunications Union Radiocommunications
Sector.
• Wi-Fi Alliance.
• 3GPP: Third Generation Partnership Project.
• ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute.

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Carlos Pupiales Y. - 2018 19
Spectrum Bands

To know the possible uses for these

frequencies follow the link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_sp
ectrum

Frequency distribution for

mobile operators in Ecuador

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Challenges
• Use of RF spectrum.
• Energy Consumption
• Coverage and Capacity
• Economic Requirements
• Social and Political Aspects
• Price of the offered services
• New services and offers.
• QoE
What are you willing to pay for?

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New Trends
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• http://www.ericsson.com/thecompany/our_publications/books/internet-
of-things
• Machine to Machine (M2M)
• http://www.vodafone.com/business/m2m#content
• 5G
• http://www.ericsson.com/research-blog/category/5g/
• Smart Cities
• http://cities.media.mit.edu/
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 Extra Information
• Magazines:

• http://www.lightreading.com/

• http://www.heavyreading.com/

• http://www.pyramidresearch.com/

• Manufactures:

• Ericsson, Huawei, Alcatel-Lucent, Nokia, Cisco, Juniper, Motorola, Apple, etc.

• Operators:

• Telefonica, AT&T, Vodafone, China Mobile, Claro, Telstra, etc.

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You should know
• The importance of wireless communications vs wired
• Pros and Cons of wireless communications
• When to use a wireless network
• What kind of network use depending of the requirements and scenario
• What is the future of wireless communications
• How the RF spectrum is being used worldwide
• Future work for wireless communications
• Where to find updated news about wireless communications

Next time: A Brief of RF Principles

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