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0 2 3 5
TITLE OF No Title Non- Appropriate Appropriate
CHAPTER/TOPIC Relevant Title Given Title Given
Title with
Grammatical
Errors
0-3 4-6 8 10
SYNOPSIS OF Requirement Unorganized Clear, Clear,
CHAPTER/TOPIC not with/without Concise Concise
Met/Very Grammatical Synopsis Synopsis
Unorganized Errors with a few with no
with Grammatical Grammatical
Grammatical Errors Errors
Errors
0-6 8 - 12 14 -18 20
SECTION Requirement 50 – 74% of At least 75 All Section
OBJECTIVES not Met/Less Section % of Section Objectives
than 50% of Objectives Objectives Answered
Section Answered Answered Correctly
Objectives Correctly Correctly
Answered
Correctly
0-3 4-6 7-9 10
IMPORTANT Requirement 50 – 74% of At least 75 All Terms
TERMS not Met/Less Terms % Terms Defined
than 50% of Defined Defined Correctly
Terms Correctly Correctly
Defined
Correctly
0-3 4-6 7-9 10
EQUATIONS Requirement 50 – 74% of At least 75 All
not Met/Less Equations % Equations Equations
than 50% of Defined Defined Defined
Equations Correctly Correctly Correctly
Defined
Correctly
 0-3 4-5 7-8 10
SECTION Missing Missing 3-4 Missing 1-2 At least Two
VISUALS More than 4 Meaningful Meaningful Meaningful
Meaningful Visuals Visuals Visuals for
Visuals Each Section
0-3 4-6 8 10
TYPED FLASH Requirement At least 75 All of the All of the
CHARTS not Met/Less % of Flash Flash Chart Flash Chart
than 75% of Chart is is Typed is Typed
Flash Chart Typed (sans (messy (sans
is Typed calculations) calculations) calculations
(sans but they are
calculation) written
neatly)
4 6 8 10
CONTENT Content Content Content Content
QUALITY Quality is Quality is Quality is Quality is
Poor Satisfactory Very Good Excellent
4 6 8 10
ORGANIZATION/ Majority of Some Flash Chart Flash Chart
NEATNESS Flash Chart Sections of is Organized is Very
is the Flash Organized
Unorganized Chart are
Unorganized
1 2 3 5
CREATIVITY/ Very Little Some Creative Meaningful
PERCEIVED Perceived Perceived Touches Creative
EFFORT Effort Effort Were Added/ Touches
Some Were Added/
Perceived A lot of
Effort Perceived
Effort
+

^=<LA+/=@<>AH++mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm+

&=>9E+-G=:;H++mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm+
 RUBRIC FOR POSTER/BROCHURE/VIDEO/COMIC
BOOK

Name(s): _____________________________ Project: _________________ Period(s): ____

CRITERIA POINTS

0-11 12-17 18-23 24-30

Information Information is Information Information
does not relate somewhat related presented is presented is
to the task and to the task. relative to task very relative to
QUALITY OF is difficult to and task and
INFORMATION follow. information is information is
somewhat easy very easy to
to understand. understand.
0-11 12-17 18-23 24-30
Project is very Project is a little Project is fairly Project is very
messy and messy and/or neat and neat and
VISUAL NEATNESS AND unorganized. unorganized. organized. A organized. A
ORGANIZATION Very little effort Some effort is good amount of great deal of
is perceived. perceived. effort is effort is
perceived. perceived.
0-3 4-9 10-15 16-20
Project shows Project displays Project is Very creative
no creative some creative creative and and relevant to
CREATIVITY thought in thought. relevant to the the task. A very
presentation. task. (Creative unique
Flare) presentation.
0-4 5-7 8 10
Many technical Two to three One technical No technical
TECHNICAL ASPECTS mistakes (more technical mistake. mistakes.
(GRAMMAR/SPELLING, than three). mistakes.
ETC.)
0 4-7 8 10
No references Some type of At least two At least two
reference and quality quality
REFERENCES documentation. references. references
documented
correctly.

Total Points: ______________/100

Teacher Comments:
 REFRACTION AND OPTICAL PHENOMENA
WORKSHEET
Name: ______________________________ Date: ____________ Period: _______

1. What is the velocity of light in a polystyrene bead (n = 1.49)?

2. What is the index of refraction of an unknown liquid if the speed of light through the
liquid is 1.999 E 8 m/s?

3. Find the angle of refraction for a ray of light that enters cubic zirconia (n = 2.20) from
glycerine (n = 1.473) at an angle of 26o to the normal.

4. A ray of light traveling in air enters a slab of transparent material. The incoming ray
makes an angle of 53o with the normal, and the refracted ray makes an angle of 33o with
the normal. Find the index of refraction of the transparent material.

5. A snorkeler under water looks up and sees a bird flying above the water. The bird
appears to be 2 meters above the water. What is the actual location of the bird?
 6. A 9 cm thick glass block (n = 1.5) lies on top of a stamp. How thick does the glass block
appear to be?

7. What is the critical angle of light traveling through ice (n = 1.309) into air?

8. The critical angle of an unknown liquid mixed with water (n = 1.333) is 55o. What is the
unknown liquid’s index of refraction?

9. A) After a storm, a man walks out onto his porch. Looking to the east, he sees a
rainbow that has formed above his neighbor’s house. What time of day is it, morning or
evening?

B) Why does the arc of a rainbow appear with red colors on top and violet colors on the
bottom?

10. What are the conditions necessary for the occurrence of a mirage?

!
!

ANSWER KEY: REFRACTION AND OPTICAL

PHENOMENA WORKSHEET
Name: ______________________________ Date: ____________ Period: _______

1. What is the velocity of light in a polystyrene bead (n = 1.49)?

n = c/v ! v = (3 E 8 m/s) / (1.49) = 2 E 8 m/s

2. What is the index of refraction of an unknown liquid if the speed of light through the
liquid is 1.999 E 8 m/s?

n = c/v ! (3 E 8 m/s) / (1.999 E 8 m/s) = 1.5

3. Find the angle of refraction for a ray of light that enters cubic zirconia (n = 2.20) from
glycerine (n = 1.473) at an angle of 26o to the normal.

ni (sin!
! i) = nr(sin!
! r) ! 1.473 (sin 26º) = 2.20(sin! ! r) = (0.646)/2.20 ! ! r = sin-1 (0.294) =
! r) ! (sin!

17o

4. A ray of light traveling in air enters a slab of transparent material. The incoming ray
makes an angle of 53o with the normal, and the refracted ray makes an angle of 33o with
the normal. Find the index of refraction of the transparent material.

ni (sin! ! r) ! 1 (sin 53º) = nr(sin33o) ! nr = (0.799) / 0.545 = 1.45

! i) = nr(sin!

5. A snorkeler under water looks up and sees a bird flying above the water. The bird
appears to be 2 meters above the water. What is the actual location of the bird?

h’/h = nr/ni ! 2 m/h = 1.333/1 ! h = 2 m/1.333 = 1.5 m

 6. A 9 cm thick glass block (n = 1.5) lies on top of a stamp. How thick does the glass block
appear to be?

h’/h = nr/ni ! h’/9 cm = 1/1.5 ! h’ = 6 cm

7. What is the critical angle of light traveling through ice (n = 1.309) into air?

sin! ! c = 1/1.309 ! ! c = sin-1(0.764) ! 49.8o

! c = nr/ni ! sin!

8. The critical angle of an unknown liquid mixed with water (n = 1.333) is 55o. What is the
unknown liquid’s index of refraction?

! c = nr/ni ! sin 55o = nr/1.333 ! nr = 1.09

sin!

9. A) After a storm, a man walks out onto his porch. Looking to the east, he sees a
rainbow that has formed above his neighbor’s house. What time of day is it, morning or
evening?

Evening, since the sun rises in the east and sets in the west and because the sun must
be behind him to see the rainbow

B) Why does the arc of a rainbow appear with red colors on top and violet colors on the
bottom?

Violet light is bent more than red light as it passes through the drops of water due to
their wavelengths

10. What are the conditions necessary for the occurrence of a mirage?

Inferior: The air next to the ground must be hotter than the air above it.

Superior: The air next to the water must be cooler than the air above it (and the object must
be past the horizon).!
 !

REFRACTION AND LENSES

WORKSHEET
Name: _____________________________ Date: ____________ Period: _____

1. An object is placed 16 cm in front of a converging lens of focal length 9 cm. Find the
image distance and the magnification. Describe the image.

2. An object is placed 6 cm in front of a converging lens of focal length 12 cm. Find the
image distance and the magnification. Describe the image.

3. An object is placed 15 cm in front of a converging lens of focal length 5 cm. Find the
image distance and the magnification. Describe the image.

4. An object is placed 7 cm in front of a diverging lens of focal length 10 cm. Find the
image distance and the magnification. Describe the image.
 5. A diverging lens is used to form a virtual image of an object. The object is 80 cm in
front of the lens, and the image is 40 cm in front of the lens. Determine the focal length
of the lens.

6. Where must an object be placed to have a magnification of 3.00 in a diverging lens of

focal length 11 cm?

7. In order to get an upright image, slides must be placed upside down in a slide projector.
What type of lens must the slide projector have? Is the slide inside or outside the focal
point of the lens?

8. Sherlock Holmes examines a clue by holding his magnifying glass (with a focal length
of 15 cm) 8 cm away from an object. Find the image distance and the magnification.
Describe the image that he observes.

!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

ANSWER KEY:

REFRACTION AND LENSES

WORKSHEET
Name: _____________________________ Date: ____________ Period: _____
1. An object is placed 16 cm in front of a converging lens of focal length 9 cm. Find the
image distance and the magnification. Describe the image.

1/p + 1/q = 1/f ! q = (1/9 cm – 1/16 cm)-1 ! q = +20.57 cm

M = -q/p ! - (+20.57 cm)/(16 cm) = - 1.3

Real, inverted, magnified

2. An object is placed 6 cm in front of a converging lens of focal length 12 cm. Find the
image distance and the magnification. Describe the image.

1/p + 1/q = 1/f ! q = (1/12 cm – 1/6 cm)-1 ! q = -12 cm

M = -q/p ! - (-12 cm)/(6 cm) ! +2

Virtual, upright, magnified

3. An object is placed 15 cm in front of a converging lens of focal length 5 cm. Find the
image distance and the magnification. Describe the image.

1/p + 1/q = 1/f ! q = (1/5 cm – 1/15 cm)-1 ! +7.5 cm

M = -q/p ! - (+7.5 cm)/(15 cm) = - 0.5

Real, inverted, reduced

4. An object is placed 7 cm in front of a diverging lens of focal length 10 cm. Find the
image distance and the magnification. Describe the image.

1/p + 1/q = 1/f ! q = (-1/10 cm – 1/7 cm)-1 ! -4.12 cm

M = -q/p ! - (-4.12 cm)/(7 cm) = + 0.59

Virtual, upright, reduced

 5. A diverging lens is used to form a virtual image of an object. The object is 80 cm in
front of the lens, and the image is 40 cm in front of the lens. Determine the focal length
of the lens.

1/p + 1/q = 1/f ! f = (1/80 cm + (-1/40 cm))-1 = - 80 cm

6. Where must an object be placed to have a magnification of 3.00 in a diverging lens of

focal length 11 cm?

A diverging lens cannot form an image larger than the object

7. In order to get an upright image, slides must be placed upside down in a slide projector.
What type of lens must the slide projector have? Is the slide inside or outside the focal
point of the lens?

Converging lens (diverging only give upright); outside (if inside the image is virtual)

8. Sherlock Holmes examines a clue by holding his magnifying glass (with a focal length
of 15 cm) 8 cm away from an object. Find the image distance and the magnification.
Describe the image that he observes.

!
A magnifying glass is a converging lens;

1/p + 1/q = 1/f ! q = (1/15 cm – 1/8 cm)-1 ! q = -17.1 cm

M = -q/p ! - (-17.1 cm)/(8 cm) ! +2.1

Virtual, upright, magnified

!
!

TEAM TRIVIA: REFRACTION

Instructions: Divide class into groups of 3 or 4. Pass out 4 note cards (with letters A, B, C, and D on one
card each) to each group. Allow students to use scrap paper and calculators. You may provide equations
to each group as well. Read the question and all the choices allowed to the class and let each group send
up a representative with their answer. Every group should get a chance to answer (this is not a first come
first served game). At the end of the multiple choice round pass out the Bonus Round Sheet to each
group to work on (you may establish an appropriate time limit). Tally up each groups’ points. I usually
give 1st place 6 pts on their evaluation, 2nd place 5 pts, etc. (you can award your winners any way that you
like.

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'P+>B;+@<K;i+=P+:;P:9G>@=<+=P+>B;+FE9AA+@A+7W`T*+SB9>+@A+>B;+9<FE;+=P+>B;+:;P:9G>;K+:9N+S@>B@<+>B;+FE9AA+
S@>B+:;AJ;G>+>=+>B;+<=:C9En+
+
9Q T`°° +
DQ _`°° +
GQ 5d°° +
KQ 7]°° +
+
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+
9Q b@=E;>+
DQ 4:;;<+
GQ c;EE=S+
KQ (:9<F;+
+
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+
9Q ! @+o+6+
DQ ! @+e+!
! :++
GQ <@+o+<:+
KQ D=>B+C;K@9+CLA>+D;+>:9<AJ9:;<>+
+
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S@EE+>B;+E;>>;:A+9JJ;9:+SB;<+A;;<+P:=C+9D=?;n+!;P:9G>@?;+@<K;i+=P+FE9AA+e+7WTW+
+
9Q 6W5T+GC+
DQ d+GC+
GQ _+GC+
KQ 6W77+GC+
+
+
+
 +
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9<K+>B;+C9F<@P@G9>@=<W+
+
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KQ [`W`a+GCO+26WZZZ+
+
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@C9F;+=P+>B;+AYN+>L:<;K+LJA@K;2K=S<W+
+
9Q '<P;:@=:+C@:9F;+
DQ -LJ;:@=:+C@:9F;+
GQ -@<Y@<F+C@:9F;+
KQ &=S;:@<F+C@:9F;+
+

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+
9Q b@:>L9E*+@<?;:>;K+
DQ b@:>L9E*+LJ:@FB>+
GQ !;9E*+LJ:@FB>+
KQ !;9E*+@<?;:>;K+
+
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mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmW+
+
9Q %B:=C9>=F:9JB+
DQ $GB:=C9>@G+E;<A+
GQ %B:=C9>@G+9D;::9>@=<+
KQ %B:=C9>@G+AJ;GLE9>@=<+
+
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+
9Q _dW]=+
DQ d6=+
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KQ >B;:;+@A+<=+G:@>@G9E+9<FE;+
+
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>B;+K@A>9<G;+P:=C+>B;+=DI;G>+>=+>B;+E;<A+@A+Z`+GC*+SB9>+@A+>B;+K@A>9<G;+P:=C+>B;+@C9F;+>=+>B;+E;<An+
+
9Q Ta+GC+
DQ j6W6a+GC+
GQ j7ZW`+GC+
KQ 6W65+GC+
 +
!"#!$%&'()+^()3-+!(3).+
4:=LJ+1;CD;:+)9C;AH+mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm+.9>;H++mmmmmmmmm/;:@=KH++mmmm+

4:=LJ+pH++mmmmmmmmm+

7W XB9>+@A+>B;+)=:C9E+E@<;n+++
+

5W XB;<+K=;A+E@FB>+D;<K+>=S9:KA+>B;+<=:C9En+
+

ZW XB9>+@A+>B;+AJ;;K+=P+E@FB>+@<+S9>;:n+
+

_W $+P:@;<K+>B:=SA+9+G=@<+@<>=+9+J==EW++c=L+GE=A;+N=L+;N;A+9<K+K@?;+>=S9:K+>B;+AJ=>+SB;:;+N=L+A9S+@>+
P:=C+>B;+;KF;+=P+>B;+J==EW++XB;<+N=L+:;9GB+>B;+D=>>=C*+S@EE+>B;+G=@<+D;+@<+P:=<>+=P+N=L+=:+D;B@<K+
N=Ln+
+

TW #@<K+>B;+@C9F;+J=A@>@=<+9<K+>B;+C9F<@P@G9>@=<+P=:+9<+=DI;G>+JE9G;K+Z+GC+=L>A@K;+>B;+P=G9E+J=@<>+=P+9+
G=<?;:F@<F+E;<A+S@>B+9+_+GC+P=G9E+E;<F>BW++.;AG:@D;+>B;+@C9F;W+
+

`W -LJJ=A;+9+J9<;+=P+PE@<>+FE9AA*+S@>B+9+:;P:9G>@?;+@<K;i+=P+7W`T*+@A+@CC;:A;K+@<+S9>;:*+SB@GB+B9A+9+
:;P:9G>@?;+@<K;i+=P+7WZZW+$+:9N+=P+E@FB>+>:9?;E@<F+@<+>B;+S9>;:+A>:@Y;A+>B;+FE9AA+9>+]6q+:;E9>@?;+>=+>B;+
<=:C9E*+9<K+>:9?;EA+>B:=LFB+>B;+J9<;W+XB9>+9<FE;*+:;E9>@?;+>=+>B;+<=:C9E*+S@EE+>B;+:9N+=P+E@FB>+D;<K+
:;E9>@?;+>=+>B;+<=:C9E+@<A@K;+>B;+FE9AAn+
!
!
!
!
!

$)-X"!+8"cH++!"#!$%&'()+^()3-+!(3).+
4:=LJ+1;CD;:+)9C;AH+mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm+.9>;H++mmmmmmmmm/;:@=KH++mmmm+

4:=LJ+pH++mmmmmmmmm+

7W XB9>+@A+>B;+)=:C9E+E@<;n+++
&B;+E@<;+J;:J;<K@GLE9:+>=+>B;+AL:P9G;+

5W XB;<+K=;A+E@FB>+D;<K+>=S9:KA+>B;+<=:C9En+
+
XB;<+@>+>:9?;EA+P:=C+9+E;AA+K;<A;+MP9A>;:+?;E=G@>NQ+>=+9+E;AA+K;<A;+C;K@LC+MAE=S;:+?;E=G@>NQ+

ZW XB9>+@A+>B;+AJ;;K+=P+E@FB>+@<+S9>;:n+
+
! +7WZZZ+e+MZ+"+]+CfAQf?+!
<+e+Gf?+! ! +?+e+MZ+"+]+CfAQf7WZZZ+e+5W5T+"+]+CfA+

_W $+P:@;<K+>B:=SA+9+G=@<+@<>=+9+J==EW++c=L+GE=A;+N=L+;N;A+9<K+K@?;+>=S9:K+>B;+AJ=>+SB;:;+N=L+A9S+@>+
P:=C+>B;+;KF;+=P+>B;+J==EW++XB;<+N=L+:;9GB+>B;+D=>>=C*+S@EE+>B;+G=@<+D;+@<+P:=<>+=P+N=L+=:+D;B@<K+
N=Ln+
+
^;B@<K*+SB;<+N=L+9:;+=L>A@K;+>B;+S9>;:*+>B;+@C9F;+=P+>B;+G=@<+9JJ;9:A+P9:>B;:+9S9N+>B9<+>B;+9G>L9E+G=@<+

TW #@<K+>B;+@C9F;+J=A@>@=<+9<K+>B;+C9F<@P@G9>@=<+P=:+9<+=DI;G>+JE9G;K+Z+GC+=L>A@K;+>B;+P=G9E+J=@<>+=P+9+
G=<?;:F@<F+E;<A+S@>B+9+_+GC+P=G9E+E;<F>BW++.;AG:@D;+>B;+@C9F;W+
+

1/p + 1/q = 1/f ! q = (1/4 cm – 1/7 cm)-1 ! q = +9.33 cm

M = -q/p ! - (+9.33 cm)/(7 cm) ! -1.33

Real, inverted, magnified

`W -LJJ=A;+9+J9<;+=P+PE@<>+FE9AA*+S@>B+9+:;P:9G>@?;+@<K;i+=P+7W`T*+@A+@CC;:A;K+@<+S9>;:*+SB@GB+B9A+9+
:;P:9G>@?;+@<K;i+=P+7WZZZW+$+:9N+=P+E@FB>+>:9?;E@<F+@<+>B;+S9>;:+A>:@Y;A+>B;+FE9AA+9>+]6q+:;E9>@?;+>=+>B;+
<=:C9E*+9<K+>:9?;EA+>B:=LFB+>B;+J9<;W+XB9>+9<FE;*+:;E9>@?;+>=+>B;+<=:C9E*+S@EE+>B;+:9N+=P+E@FB>+D;<K+
:;E9>@?;+>=+>B;+<=:C9E+@<A@K;+>B;+FE9AAn+
!
!
ni (sin!
! i) = nr(sin!
! r) ! 1.333 (sin 80º) = 1.65(sin! ! r) = (1.313)/1.65 ! ! r = sin-1 (0.796) =
! r) ! (sin!

52.7o
 REFRACTION, LENSES AND OPTICAL PHENOMENA
EVALUATION
Name: ____________________________________ Date: __________________ Period: ______

Please circle your answers for mathematical problems and you must show your work to earn
any partial credit.

1) A ray of light enters the top of a glass of water at an angle of 38o with the normal. What
is the angle between the refracted ray and the normal?

2) What is the index of refraction of a material in which light travels at a speed of

7.48 E 7 m/s through?

3) What is the critical angle for light traveling from benzene (n = 1.501) to ethyl alcohol
(n = 1.361)?

4) If light travels from air with and angle of incidence of 14.5o into an unknown medium
and refracts at an angle of 9.8o, what is the index of refraction of the unknown medium?
5) A person looks at a gem using a converging lens with a focal length of 10.25 cm. The
lens forms a virtual image 26.5 cm from the lens. Determine the magnification. Is the
image upright or inverted?

6) An object is placed in front of a diverging lens with a focal length of 22.75 cm. If the
object is placed 15 cm in front of the lens, find the image distance and the
magnification. Describe the image.

7) Michelle looks down into a pool and sees a penny on the bottom. The penny is actually
2.44 m below the surface of the water. What depth does it appear to be?

8) A convex lens has a focal length of 14 cm. Find the image distance if the object is
placed at 28 cm. Is the image real or virtual?

9) A swimmer is underwater and looks at the diving board above her. The diving board
appears to be 6 meters above the water. What is the actual distance of the diving board
to the water?
 10) What is dispersion? Give an example.

11) How will light bend (towards or away from the normal) as it travels from acetone
(n = 1.36) to sapphire (n = 1.762)?

12) How do fiber optic devices transmit information?

13) Define the term laser and name three real-world application of lasers.

14) What type of image is produced by the cornea and the lens on the retina?

15) BONUS: A magnifying glass has a focal length of 15 cm. At what distance from a dime
should you hold this lens to get an image with a magnification of +2?

!
!
!
ANSWER KEY: REFRACTION, LENSES AND OPTICAL
PHENOMENA EVALUATION
Name: ____________________________________ Date: __________________ Period: ______

Please circle your answers for mathematical problems and you must show your work to earn
any partial credit.

1) A ray of light enters the top of a glass of water at an angle of 38o with the normal. What
is the angle between the refracted ray and the normal?

ni(sin! ! r) ! 1(sin38o) = 1.333(sin!

! i) = nr(sin! ! r) ! ! r = sin-1 (0.616/1.333) = 27.5º

2) What is the index of refraction of a material in which light travels at a speed of

7.48 E 7 m/s through?

n = c/v ! n = (3 E 8 m/s)/(7.48 E 7 m/s) = 4.01

3) What is the critical angle for light traveling from benzene (n = 1.501) to ethyl alcohol
(n = 1.361)?

! c = nr/ni ! ! c = sin-1(1.361/1.501) = 65.06o

sin!

4) If light travels from air with and angle of incidence of 14.5o into an unknown medium
and refracts at an angle of 9.8o, what is the index of refraction of the unknown medium?

ni(sin! ! r) ! 1(sin14.5o) = nr(sin9.8o) ! nr = 1.47

! i) = nr(sin!
 5) A person looks at a gem using a converging lens with a focal length of 10.25 cm. The
lens forms a virtual image 26.5 cm from the lens. Determine the magnification. Is the
image upright or inverted?

M = -q/p (need p first)

1/p + 1/q = 1/f ! 1/p + 1/-26.5 cm = 1/+10.25 cm ! p = [(1/+10.25 cm) – (1/-26.5 cm)]-1 = +7.39
cm

M = - (-26.5 cm)/(+7.39 cm) = +3.59; Upright

6) An object is placed in front of a diverging lens with a focal length of 22.75 cm. If the
object is placed 15 cm in front of the lens, find the image distance and the
magnification. Describe the image.

1/p + 1/q = 1/f ! q = [(1/-22.75 cm) – (1/15 cm)]-1 = -9.04 cm

M = -q/p ! -(-9.04 cm)/(15 cm) =+ 0.6

Virtual, Upright, Reduced

7) Michelle looks down into a pool and sees a penny on the bottom. The penny is actually
2.44 m below the surface of the water. What depth does it appear to be?

h’/h = nr/ni ! h’ = [h(nr)]/ni ! h’ = [2.44m(1)/1.333] = 1.83 m

8) A convex lens has a focal length of 14 cm. Find the image distance if the object is
placed at 28 cm. Is the image real or virtual?

1/p + 1/q = 1/f ! q = [(1/+14 cm) – (1/28 cm)]-1 = +28 cm; Real

9) A swimmer is underwater and looks at the diving board above her. The diving board
appears to be 6 meters above the water. What is the actual distance of the diving board
to the water?

h’/h = nr/ni ! h = [h’(ni)]/nr ! h = [6 m(1)/1.333] = 4.5 m

 10) What is dispersion? Give an example.

Dispersion: the process of separating poly chromatic light into its component wavelengths

Ex) Rainbows, prisms, etc.

11) How will light bend (towards or away from the normal) as it travels from acetone
(n = 1.36) to sapphire (n = 1.762)?

Towards: (FST) Fast Slow Towards;

the smaller the index of refraction the faster light can travel

12) How do fiber optic devices transmit information?

Light from a laser enters one end of the fiber and strikes the surface of the glass (or
plastic) at an angle larger than the critical angle. This will cause total internal reflection
and the light will be unable to escape until it reaches the other end of the fiber tube.

13) Define the term laser and name three real-world application of lasers.

Laser: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation ! a device that produces an

intense, nearly parallel beam of coherent light; information storage and retrieval, CD players,
measurements of large distances, medical usage, scientific research (optical tweezers)

14) What type of image is produced by the cornea and the lens on the retina?

Real, inverted, reduced

15) BONUS: A magnifying glass has a focal length of 15 cm. At what distance from a dime
should you hold this lens to get an image with a magnification of +2?

M = +2; if M = -q/p and M is +2 then q must be negative and twice as large as p; q = -2p

1/p + 1/q = 1/f ! 1/p + 1/-2p = 1/f ! 1/(2p) = 1/(15 cm) ! 2p = 15 cm ! p = 7.5 cm