Motivation

Conjunctions
2nd presenter
• Conjunctions are words used as joiners.
• Different kinds of conjunctions join
different kinds of grammatical structures.
• Is a word that joins two or more words,
phrases, or clauses.

What are Conjunctions?

• There are, basically, three types of conjunctions namely:
the coordinating, subordinating,
and correlative conjunctions.

Types of Conjunctions
Coordinating
Conjunctions
• They are conjunctions which connects words or phrases
which are equal or with the same category.
• Join equals to one another.
• words to words, phrases to phrases, clauses to clauses.
• They glue together sentence elements that are the same
• for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
• Contrast
• Addition
• Alternation
• Result

Categories of
COORDINATING
CONJUNCTIONS.
• It includes however, but, yet, nevertheless, still.

• E.g.: You cannot please everybody;

nevertheless, you have every reason to be
proud of your self.

Contrast
• It consists of and, furthermore, moreover, also,
then.

• E.g.: Lucy stops whining and starts working

on her assignment.

Addition
• It includes otherwise, or, nor.

• E.g.: Fix the roof or ask someone to do it for

you.

Alternation
• It includes so, hence, therefore, thus,
consequently.

• E.g: He woke up late; hence, he missed the

first train.

Result
• Coordinating conjunctions go in between items joined,
not at the beginning or end.
• When a coordinating conjunction joins two words, phrases, or subordinate
clauses, no comma should be placed before the conjunction.

• A coordinating conjunction joining three or more words, phrases, or

subordinate clauses creates a series and requires commas between the
elements.

Punctuation with
coordinating conjunctions:
• A coordinating conjunction joining two independent
clauses creates a compound sentence and requires a
comma before the coordinating conjunction
Correlative
Conjunctions
• It is used in pairs that are parallel or of the same rank.
• These pairs of conjunctions require equal (parallel)
structures after each one.

• Either…or
• Neither..nor
• Not only…but also
• So…yet
• Though…yet
• Both…and
Subordinating
Conjunctions
• This conjunctions glue together dependent clauses and
independent clauses.
• Subordinating conjunctions also join two clauses
together, but in doing so, they make one clause dependent
(or "subordinate") upon the other.
• These words are commonly used as subordinating
conjunctions
after in order (that) unless
although insofar as until
as in that when
as far as lest whenever
as soon as no matter how where
as if now that wherever
as though once whether
because provided (that) while
before since why
even if so that

even though supposing (that)

how than

if that

inasmuch as though

in case (that) till

• A subordinating conjunction may appear at a sentence
beginning or between two clauses in a sentence.
Punctuation Note:

When the dependent clause is placed first in a sentence, use a

comma between the two clauses. When the independent clause is
placed first and the dependent clause second, do not separate the two
clauses with a comma.
Other type:  
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
• These conjunctions join independent clauses together.
• The following are frequently used conjunctive adverbs:
after all in addition next
also incidentally nonetheless
as a result indeed on the contrary
besides in fact on the other hand
consequently in other words otherwise
finally instead still
for example likewise then
furthermore meanwhile therefore
hence moreover thus
however nevertheless

Punctuation:
Place a semicolon before the conjunctive
adverb and a comma after the conjunctive
adverb.
DRILL
 Across
1 2 3. He must be very popular, ___
everyone in school knows him.
3 5. John wanted to stay, ___ his
sister persuaded him to go.
4 5 6. ___ the rain, we went to the
beach.
7. ___ I got home, my sister had
6
already left.
8. It's too late to go out; ___, it's
beginning to rain.
Down
7 1. She wanted to go to the party;
___, she was not invited.
2. ___ it was cold, he went out
without a sweater.
4. We can't buy it ___ we don't
have enough money.
5. John had to go to the doctor
8 ___ he was not feeling well.
QUIZ