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TEMA 2 - ShearStrengthOfSoil PDF
TEMA 2 - ShearStrengthOfSoil PDF
Chih-Ping Lin
National Chiao Tung Univ.
cplin@mail.nctu.edu.tw
Outline
Shear Failure
Soil Strength
Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion
Stress Path
Pore Pressure Parameters
2
Shear Failure
Shear failure
strip footing
Shear Failure
Shear failure
failure surface
The soil grains slide over
each other along the
failure surface.
No crushing of
individual grains.
4
Shear Failure
Shear failure
τ
σ
Soil Strength
6
Mohr-Coulomb
Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion
τ
τ σ’
τ f = c'+σ ' tan φ '
e lope φ
en v
re
failu
friction angle
cohesion
τf
c’
σ’
σ’
τf is the maximum shear stress the soil can take
without failure, under normal stress of σ’.
7
Mohr-Coulomb
Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion
τf
τ f = c'+σ ' f tan φ '
σ’f tan φ nt frictional
φ’ p one
ve co m component
esi
c’ c coh
σ’f σ’
8
Mohr-Coulomb
Mohr-Coulomb
GL
∆σ’
σ’c
Y σ’c
σ’c σ’c+∆σ’
Initially, Mohr circle is a point
∆σ’
10
Mohr-Coulomb
GL
∆σ’
σ’c
Y σ’c
σ’c
Mohr-Coulomb
Failure plane
Y oriented at 45 + φ/2
to horizontal (σ’1)
45 + φ’/2
GL
45 + φ’/2
∆σ’
σ’c
φ’
Y σ’c 90+φ’
σ’c σ’c+∆σ’
12
Mohr-Coulomb
σh σh’ u
X
= X
+ X
effective stresses
total stresses
σh’ σv’ σh σv
u
13
Mohr-Coulomb
σc σc
uf
Initially… Failure
c, φ
At failure,
in terms of σ
σ3 = σc; σ1 = σc+∆σf
c’, φ’
σ3’ = σ3 – uf ; σ1’ = σ1 - uf
in terms of σ’
14
Mohr-Coulomb
τ =c +σ ′ tanφ
c′ and φ′ are known as the effective (or drained) strength
parameters.
Mohr-Coulomb
τ =cu +σ tanφu
cu and φu are known as the undrained strength parameters
These parameters are not soil constants, they depend strongly on the
moisture content of the soil.
The undrained strength is only relevant in practice to clayey soils
that in the short term remain undrained. Note that as the pore
pressures are unknown for undrained loading the effective stress
failure criterion cannot be used.
16
Shear Strength Test
17
Direct Shear
Load cell to
Motor measure
drive Shear Force
Soil
Porous plates
Rollers
Measure relative horizontal displacement, dx
vertical displacement of top platen, dy
18
Direct Shear
Sand
19
Direct Shear
Clay
20
Direct Shear
Pros:
Simplest and most economical for sandy soil
Applicable for soil/structure interface
Cons:
Soil not allowed to fail along the weakest plane.
Shear stress distribution is not uniform.
21
Triaxial
impervious
membrane
soil sample at
failure porous
perspex cell stone
water
cell pressure
pore pressure or
back pressure
pedestal volume change
22
Triaxial
Triaxial
24
Triaxial
For unconsolidated
undrained test, in
terms of total
stresses, φu = 0
25
Triaxial
CD, CU and UU Triaxial Tests
Consolidated Drained (CD) Test
no excess pore pressure throughout the test
very slow shearing to avoid build-up of pore
pressure
Can be days!
∴ not desirable
gives c’ and φ’
26
Triaxial
Triaxial
28
Triaxial
29
Triaxial
gives c’ and φ’
30
Triaxial
31
Triaxial
32
Triaxial
33
Triaxial
34
The φ=0 concept
36
35
Triaxial
Triaxial
Triaxial
37
Stress Path
Stress Point
σv
σh X
τ t stress point
stress point
(σv-σh)/2
σh σv σ s
(σv+σh)/2
σv −σh
t=
2
σv +σh
s=
2
38
Stress Path
Stress Path
During loading…
Stress path is
the locus of
τ t stress points
Stress path
σ s
39
Stress Path
Failure Envelopes
τ t failure
φ tan-1 (sin φ)
σ s
40
Pore Pressure Parameters
41
B = f (saturation,..)
For saturated soils, B ≈ 1.
42