Examples of A-B Crossplots for Top Sand

in Brine and Oil Cases

A
Examples of A-B Crossplots for Top Sand
in Brine and Oil Cases

A
Definition of classes in A/B crossplot
(Castagna, Swan, Foster (1998))
Definition of classes in A/B crossplot

(Castagna, Swan, Foster

(1998))
 Fluid factor

„ Background trend α A+B=0

• pass through the origin
• slope (B/A) varies according to - background assumption
- Vp /Vs

α is empirically adjusted to mimimize αA+B in non-pay zone

„ ∆F =α A+B is an AVA indicator that shows deviation

from background trend, it can reveal the presence of
gas but also oil or anamalous lithology
 OUTLINE

 Basics in rock physics

 AVA theory

 Measurement of AVA attributes

 Classification & interpretation of AVA attributes

 Examples

 Conclusions
 1.2 s

1.5 s
1000 ft

1.4 s

1.6 s

Two geologically similar prospects resulted in a gas discovery and a dry hole. Structure maps
and conventional migrated sections are shown
(The Leading Edge, Nov. 2000)
 GR Rt Vp Vs ρb ρV σ

5600

5700

5800

Log curves in the gas discovery well illustrating low acoustic impedance (ρV)
and high Poisson’s ratio (σ) contrasts of the gas sand to encasing shales
(The Leading Edge, Nov. 2000)
 GR Rt ρV σ
1.1 s

1.3 s

1.4 s

1.6 s

Modeled CDP gathers at the two tests wells predict that the gas reservoir will generate a Class
2 AVO anomaly
(The Leading Edge, Nov. 2000)
 GR Rt

1.1 s

1.4 s

1.3 s

1.6 s

Reprocessed CDP gathers at the two test wells with (a) nonhyperbolic moveout and (b)
conventional normal moveout reveal a Class 2 AVO anomaly at the gas reservoir. The best-
developed part of the anomaly would be muted on a stack processed with conventional normal
moveout

(The Leading Edge, Nov. 2000)

 1.2 s

1.4 s

1.4 s

1.6 s

Near- (0 -16°) and far-angle (26 - 45°) stacks through the two test wells exhibit a Class 2 AVO
anomaly at the gas reservoir

(The Leading Edge, Nov. 2000)

 (a) Structure map, (b) conventional NMO section, (c) far-angle (26°-45°) stack, and (d) CDP
gather at the discovery well of the first AVO-supported wildcat. The field has a stratigraphic
trapping component as illustrated by the AVO anomaly that terminates along strike of a well in
which the sand is absent

(The Leading Edge, Nov. 2000)

 The low risk indicated by the AVO analysis turned these small traps into economic targets: (a)
structure map on the deeper of the two levels, (b) conventional NMO section, (c) far-angle (26 -
45°) stack, (d) and (e) CDP gathers at the two discovery wells.

(The Leading Edge, Nov. 2000)

A clean sand with low gas saturation caused this anomaly: (a) structure map, (b) conventional
NMO section, (c) far-angle (26 - 45°) stack, and (d) CDP gather at the dry hole.

(The Leading Edge, Nov. 2000)

 OUTLINE

 Basics in rock physics

 AVA theory

 Measurement of AVA attributes

 Classification & interpretation of AVA attributes

 Examples

 Conclusions
 CONCLUSION

 AVA requires true amplitude processing (hard in

complex geology)

 AVA indicators are qualitative attributes that shows

anomalous Poisson's ratio (or VP/VS)

 AVA is usefull for delineation and as an exploration

tool
 AVA is now extended to AVAZ (fractures detection)

 Elastic inversion performs a quantitative AVA

 Need of well calibration and feasibility study

(modelling)
Detection des zones fracturées : principe
AVAZ
Example (pinedale anticline)
THANKS