TELAAH KRITIS JURNAL

UNTUK ARTIKEL REVIEW SISTEMATIS

QUESTION GUIDANCE

Yes Cant’t Tell No

What is the background of this article?
What is the main problem of this article?
What is the objective of this article?

KELENGKAPAN REVIEW

4.Sistematika Yes Cant’t Tell No

1. Tinjauan Pustaka
2. Kerangka Berfikir
3. Metode Penulisan
4. Hasil
5. Pembahasan
6. Kesimpulan dan Saran
7. Daftar Pustaka
5.Did the author look for the appropriate sort of Yes Cant’t Tell No
papers?
The best sort of studies would
Address the review question
Have an appropriate study design

ARE THE RESULT IF THIS REVIEW VALID:

6.Do you think the important, relevant studies Yes Cant’t Tell No
were includes?
Look for
Which bibliographic database were used
Personal contact with experts
Search for unpublished as well as published
studies
Search for non-English language studies

WHAT ARE THE RESULTS? : ...............................

9.How precise are the results? Yes Cant’t Tell No

Give your comment on summary, whether it is
representing be content of the article?
10.What is your suggestion to make this article
more useful
11.

1
 TELAAH KRITIS JURNAL UNTUK ARTIKEL
TENTANG PENELITIAN POTONG LINTANG

QUESTION GUIDANCE

Yes Cant’t Tell No

Is the background of the study clearly stated?
What is the main problem of this research?
What is the objective of this research?
What is the type of the study?

Yes Cant’t Tell No

5.How is the study population selected? Are
procedures for sampling within this population
clearly defined?
6.Were they choosen in a manner that avoids
selection bias?
7.How to determine the prevalence of alcohol
and drug users?

WHAT ARE THE RESULTS?

Yes Cant’t Tell No

8. What is descriptive analysis which be
obtained?
Apa bahasan deskripsi, tabel, prevalen
9.What are conclusion of this study?
Apa temuan kesimpulan

2
 TELAAH KRITIS JURNAL UNTUK ARTIKEL
TENTANG PENELITIAN KASUS KONTROL

QUESTION GUIDANCE

Yes Cant’t Tell No

1. Is the background of the study clearly stated?
2. What is the main problem of this research?
3. What is the objective of this research?
4. Was a hypothesis clearly stated?

IS THE STUDY DESIGN VALID?

Yes Cant’t Tell No

5. What is the population, ca you explain?
6. Was the sample size be determined?
7. How tcase and control can be chosen?
8. Were the confounding factors adjusted and
how they can be explained?
9. When case was determined? What kind of bias
could be happened

ARE THE RESULTS IMPORTANT?

Outcome Totals
Present Absent
(Case) (Control)
Yes a b a+b
Risk Factor
No c d c+d

Odds Ratio (OR) = ad/bc

Yes Cant’t Tell No

10. How strong is the association between
exposure and outcome, i.e. the estimate of risk?
11. How precise is the estimate of risk?
Were the results presented with confidence
intervals?

3
 TELAAH KRITIS JURNAL UNTUK ARTIKEL
TENTANG PENELITIAN UJI DIAGNSOTIK

QUESTION GUIDANCE

Yes Cant’t Tell No

1. Is the background of the study clearly stated?
2. What is the main problem of this research?
3. What is the objective of this research?

ARE THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY VALID?

Yes Cant’t Tell No

4. Was there an independent, blind comparison
with a reference (“gold”) standard of
diagnosis?
5. Was the diagnsotic test evaluated in an
appropriate spectrum of subjects (like those to
whom it would be offered in practice)?
6. Was the reference standard applied
regardless of the diagnsotic test result?

ARE THEVALID RESULTS OF THIS DIAGNSOTIC STUDY IMPORTANT?

Result of gold standard test Totals

Disease Present Disease Absent
True positive False positive
Result of Yes a+b
a b
diagnostic or
False negative True negative
screening test No c+d
c d
a+c b+d a+b+c+d

Yes Cant’t Tell No

7. What were the result? Consider . How were
the resluts expressed (sensitivity, specificity,
PPV and NPV)
8. How precise were the results? Were the
results presented with a range or confidence
intervals

4
 TELAAH KRITIS JURNAL UNTUK ARTIKEL
TENTANG PENELITIAN UJI PROGNOSTIK

QUESTION GUIDANCE

Yes Cant’t Tell No

1. Is the background of the study clearly stated?
2. What is the main problem of this research?
3. What is the objective of this research?

ARE THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY VALID?

Yes Cant’t Tell No

4. Was a defined, representative sample of
patients assembled at a common (ussually
early) point in the course of their disease?
5. Was the follow-up of these patients sufficient;y
long and complete?
6. Were objective and unbiased outcome criteria
used?
Consider: Did the individual assessing the
outcome criteria know whether or not the
patients had a potential prognostic factor, i.e.
were they blinded?
7. Was there adjusment for important prognostic
factors?
Consider: was there standardization for
potentially important prognsotic factor e.g.
age? Were different sub-groups compared?
Was there validation in an independent group
of patients?

WHAT ARTE THE RESULTS?

8. How likely are the outcome event(s) over a specified period of time?

9. How precise are the estimates of this likelihood?

5
 TELAAH KRITIS JURNAL UNTUK ARTIKEL
TENTANG PENELITIAN UJI KLINIK

QUESTION GUIDANCE

Yes Cant’t Tell No

1. Is the background of the study clearly stated?
2. What is the main problem of this research?
3. What is the objective of this research?
4. Was a hypothesis clearly stated?

A. THE MAIN QUESTION TO ANSWER:

Yes Cant’t Tell No

5. Was the assignment of patients to treatments
randomized?
6. Was the randomisation list concealed? Can you
tell
7. Were all subjects who entered the trial accounted
for it’s conclusion?

B. SOME FINER POINTS TO ADDRESS:

Yes Cant’t Tell No

8. Were subjects and clinicians “blinds” to which
treatment was being received, i.e. could they tell?
9. Aside from the experimenta; treatment, were the
groups treated equally?
10. Were the groups similar at the start of the trial ?

Outcome event Totals

Yes No
Experimental Group a b a+b
Control Group c d c+d

Yes Cant’t Tell No

11. How large was the treatment effect?
12. How precise were the result?
a. Were the results presented with confidence
interval?
b. Did the results of the study prove the
hypothesis?

6
 TELAAH KRITIS JURNAL UNTUK ARTIKEL
TENTANG PENELITIAN KUALITATIF

QUESTION GUIDANCE

Yes Cant’t Tell No

1. Is the background of the study clearly stated?
2. What is the main problem of this research?
3. What is the objective of this research?

ARE THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY VALID?

Yes Cant’t Tell No

4. Was the sampling strategy clearly defined and
justified? In particular,
Consider:
 Has the method of sampling (for both the
subjects and the setting) been adequately
described?
 Have the investigators studied the most
useful or productive range of individuals
and settings relevant to their question?
 Have the characteristic of the subjects
been defined?
 It is clear why some participants chose no
take part?
5. What methods did the researcher use for
collecting data?
Consider:
 Have appropriate data sources been
studied?
 Have the methods use for data collection
been described in enough detail?
 Was more than one method of data
collection used?
 Were the methods used reliable and
independently verifiable (e.g audiotape,
videotape, fieldnotes)?
 Were observations taken in a range of
circumstances (e.g at different times)?
6. What methods did the research use to analyse
the data, and what quality control measures
were implemented?
Consider:
 How were themes and concepts derived
7
 from the data?
 Did more than one researcher perform the
analysis, and what method was used to
resolve differences of interpretation?
 Were negative or discrepant results fully
addressed, or just ignored?
Yes Cant’t Tell No
7. Was relationship between the researcher(s)
and participant(s) explisit?
Consider:
 What was the researcher perspective?
 Had the researcher critically examined his
or her own role, potential bias and
influence?
 Was it clear where the data were collected
and why that setting was chosen?
 how was the research explined to the
participant?
8. What are the results, and do they address the
research question?
9. Are the result credible? For example
Have sequences from the original data been
include in the paper (e.g direct quotation)?
 Is it possible to determine the sourche of
data presented (e.g by numbering of
extracts)
 How much of the information collected is
available for independent assessment?
 Are the explainations presented plausible
and coherent?
10. What conclusions were drawn and are they
justified bye the results? In particular, have
alternative explanations for the result been
explored?

8
 TELAAH KRITIS JURNAL UNTUK ARTIKEL
TENTANG PENELITIAN KOHORT

QUESTION GUIDANCE

Yes Cant’t Tell No

1. Is the background of the study clearly stated?
2. What is the main problem of this research?
3. What is the objective of this research?
4. Was a hypothesis clearly stated?

Yes Cant’t Tell No

5. Was the exposure factor defined?
6. Were the cohort groups recruited according to the
existence of exposure factor?
7. Was the sample size determined? How it could be
calculated
8.How and when subjects were follow up?
9.Was the follow up subjects long enough
10.Was the exposure accurately measured to
minimized bias
11.Was the follow up of exposure patients
sufficiently long for the outcome to occur

ARE THE RESULTS OF THIS REVIEW VALID?

Yes Cant’t Tell No

12. Was the validity of the data can be verified

WHAT ARE THE RESULTS?

Yes Cant’t Tell No
13. What kind of association analysis was obtained?
Was RR can be explained

Adverse outcome Totals

Present Absent
Exposed to the Yes (Cohort) a b a+b
treatment/harmful agent No (Cohort) c d c+d

Estimating the risk.

If the study is a cohort sutdy:
Risk (chance) in group exposed = a / (a + b)
Risk (chance) in group not exposed = c / (c + d)

Relative risk =
a /( a  b)
c /(c  d )
9
 TELAAH KRITIS JURNAL UNTUK ARTIKEL
TENTANG PENELITIAN UJI DIAGNOSTIK

QUESTION GUIDANCE

Yes Cant’t Tell No

1. Is the background of the study clearly stated?
(Apakah latar belakang dinyatakan dgn jelas)
2. What is the main problem of this research?
(Apa masalah utama penelitian?)
3. What is the objective of this research?
(Apa tujuan penelitian?)

ARE THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY VALID?

(APAKAH HASIL PENELITIAN IN VALID?)

Yes Cant’t Tell No

4. Was there an independent, blind comparison
with a reference (“gold”) standard of diagnosis?
(Apakah independent, “blind comparison”
dengan standar diagnosis?)
5. Was the diagnsotic test evaluated in an
appropriate spectrum of subjects (like those to
whom it would be offered in practice)? (Apakah
diagnosis test dievaluasi sesuai dengan subjek?)
6. Was the reference standard applied regardless
of the diagnsotic test result? (Apakah
penggunaan “reference standar” dilaksanakan
tanpa melihat hasil test diagnosis)

ARE THEVALID RESULTS OF THIS DIAGNOSTIC STUDY IMPORTANT?

(APAKAH VALIDITAS HASIL TEST PERLU?)

Result of gold standard test Totals

Disease Present Disease Absent
True positive False positive
Result of Yes a+b
a b
diagnostic or
False negative True negative
screening test No c+d
c d
a+c b+d a+b+c+d

Positive predictive value = a/(a+b) Sensitivity = a/(a+c)

Negative predictive value = d/(c+d) Specificity = d/(b+d)

10
 Yes Cant’t Tell No
7. What were the result? Consider . How were
the resluts expressed (sensitivity, specificity,
PPV and NPV)
8. How precise were the results? Were the
results presented with a range or confidence
intervals? (Bagaimana ketepatan hasil,
apakah hasil disampaikan dengan range
atau CI)

11
 TELAAH KRITIS JURNAL UNTUK ARTIKEL
TENTANG PENELITIAN UJI KLINIK

QUESTION GUIDANCE

Yes Cant’t Tell No

1. Is the background of the study clearly stated?
(Apakah latar belakang studi dinyatakan dengan
jelas)
2. What is the main problem of this research?
(Apa masalah utama penelitian)
3. What is the objective of this research?
(Apa tujuan penelitian)
4. Is the hypothesis/research question clearly stated?
(Apakah hipotesis/pertanyaan penelitian jelas

A. THE MAIN QUESTION TO ANSWER:

Yes Cant’t Tell No

5. Was the assignment of patients to treatments
randomized?
(Apakah treatment dilakukan secara acak)
6.Was the randomisation list concealed? Can you tell
(Apakah daftar randomisasi tertutup/rahasia?
Jelaskan?
7.Were all subjects who entered the trial accounted for
it’s conclusion?
(Apakah semua subjek yang masuk dalam trial ini
dihitung dijadikan kesimpulan)

B. SOME FINER POINTS TO ADDRESS:

Yes Cant’t Tell No

8. Were subjects and clinicians “blinds” to which
treatment was being received, i.e. could they tell?
(Apakah subjek dan klinisi melakukan dengan
‘blind’ dalam treatment, dijelaskan tidak?)
9. Aside from the experimenta; treatment, were the
groups treated equally?
(Dalam treatment eksperimental apakah kelompok
dilakukan sama?)
10. Were the groups similar at the start of the trial ?
(Apakah group sama pada mulai trial

12
 Outcome event Totals
Yes No
Experimental Group a b a+b
Control Group c d c+d

Yes Cant’t Tell No

11. How large was the treatment effect?
12. How precise were the result?
a. Were the results presented with confidence
interval?
b. Did the results of the study prove the
hypothesis?

13