GOOD DAY!

LET US START WITH AN ACTIVITY

DIRECTIONS:
1. Work with your research partner.
2. Prepare ½ sheet of paper.
3. Write the following on the upper right-hand corner of
your paper:
• Complete Name
• Grade and Section (Grade 12- Dela Costa)
• Complete Date (Month, Date, Year)
• Complete Name of Teacher ( Given Name/s,
Middle Name, Surname)
• Subject (Eng 122- Qualitative Research)
DIRECTIONS:
4. Two situations will be projected on the LED Screen.
5. For both situations, you will be provided with the
same set of questions to answer.
6. The situations will be reflective of the possible
extent and constraints of doing a research paper,
while the questions will try to test your critical
thinking skills
7. The questions will be projected beside the column
for the situations.
 ACTIVITY I
SITUATION
Students from a barrio school in
Zamboanga City need to come up
with a research that involves the
experiences of Visayan speaking
natives from Pagadian City when
they are in a Non-Visayan
speaking setting.
QUESTIONS
1. What could be the possible
extent or the factors that
should be involved in this
endeavor and what should
not be involved?
2. What are the possible
problems or occurrences that
might cause problems or
failure to collect requisite
data for this study?
 ACTIVITY I
SITUATION
HUMSS students want to study
the experiences of husbands on
how they deal with their
pregnant wife’s pregnancy pains
during the first six months of
pregnancy.
QUESTIONS
1. What could be the possible
extent or the factors that
should be involved in this
endeavor and what should
not be involved?
2. What are the possible
problems or occurrences that
might cause problems or
failure to collect requisite
data for this study?
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
YAMBO (2012)
Prepared by Elijah Marvin Santos Guangco
In the process of making a research paper, confusion usually
surrounds the composition of the Scope and Limitations.

Scope

Limitations

Confusion
What is the Scope and Limitations Collectively?
According to an article published online by the IAC Publishing through
reference.com, they it defined the Scope and Limitations of the study
as the following:

1. Is the extent to which the study will reach

2. Factors that may widen or shorten the time of the research
3. Reasons for not being able to cover some areas of the research
4. The narrowing of factors and possibilities in a research
5. Is essential to the planning of a research as many aspects of the
mobilization will depend on it
WHAT IS THIS? WHAT IS THE USE OF THIS?

This is a Tactical Rifle Scope which

consists of an OCULAR LENS. This
lens magnifies the target to match
a particular vision that enables the
shooter to view a crisp and clear
sight picture of their target.
THE SCOPE
The Scope of a research functions like a Tactical Rifle Scope because it

1. Clarifies those who are only involved;

2. See only the necessary things that should be considered in the
research;
3. And gives the researcher a clearer view or end goal of the study.
THE SCOPE
According to Yambo (2012), the scope has the following main functions:

1. Effectively proportions the totality of the study, especially in

qualitative research.
2. States what the researcher intends to cover or actually cover.
3. Discusses specific aspects of the study in terms of the following:
a) Time
b) Space
c) Number of Factors of Respondents
4. The aforementioned factors involve the following:
a) Social-Stratum, Occupational Group, or any Category
b) Age-Group or Gender Group
YOUR TASK/S AS RESEARCHERS (SCOPE)

According to Yambo (2012), researchers should specify the

criteria and reasons for choosing each aspect
(e.g. respondents, setting, situation) for this will help with
the understanding of the sampling frame above all else.
THE LIMITATIONS
The Limitations of a research also functions like a Tactical Rifle Scope
because it

1. Safely magnifies the concerned to prevent collateral damage;

2. Zeroes in on a target that effectively differentiates it from the others;
3. And magnifies the possible hindrances that might block the shooter’s
view.
THE LIMITATIONS
According to Yambo (2012), the limitations are described and function as
the following:

1. Indicates why the scope may not be fully realized

2. Puts a barrier/boundary to which the study cannot control; thus, not
being able to include a certain aspect to the study
3. Might arise in the analysis itself
4. It may arise from constraints in tolls and equipment
which causes failure to collect data or realize a certain research
goal
5. Generally, these are factors that the researchers did not foresee; thus,
making the composition of the limitations proper when done during or
after the analysis
WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE LIMITATIONS?

1. Time Constraints
2. Budget
3. Lack or Faulty Tools or Equipment
4. Limited Access to Resources (Depending on Context) that hinder
researchers gather requisite data.
5. Context (Reaching a greater area, but due to constraints in 1, 2, and 3,
it is quite impossible)
6. Qualitative Researches usually are limited due to not being able to
extend results to a larger segment of the population
7. Language, Religious, Cultural, and Belief Barriers
YOUR TASK/S AS RESEARCHERS (LIMITATONS)

1. Always remember that ALL STUDIES HAVE LIMITATIONS.

2. List all limitations
3. Limitations serve as avenues to locate new research problems
4. Acknowledging limitations show that the researchers understand the
problem
5. Sometimes, subject areas are new, which can itself be a limitation
6. The limitations should also be limited only to the scope of the study.
7. If the former does not deal with the latter, then the limitation is not
relevant.
 ANY QUESTIONS?

WAIT! THERE’S MORE.

You might have heard of the term DELIMITATION
What is a Delimitation?
Limitations are different from delimitations, which are known
parameters that a researcher identifies prior to the study to narrow do
wn the topic. Delimitations explain why a researcher has chosen to do
or not do something.

Example:

When studying the effects of smoking on an aging population, for

instance, the researcher might narrow the scope of research by
choosing to study the population only in select countries due to lack of
financial resources or time constraints.
A more relatable Example

Example:

When opting to study the ideas of school administrative officials on

not having a uniform for a particular school, the researcher may opt
to only include the Principal and Assistant Principal for Formation only
due to the following limitations:
1. The Assistant Principal for Curriculum and Instruction has no
administrative concerns over the school dress code, though has the
power to influence.
2. The Assistant Principal for Supervision has administrative powers
that concern more the faculty, staff, and offices of the school.
EXAMPLES
 EXAMPLE 1
EXPERIENCES OF RELATIVES WITH POST-TYPHOON ATTITUDE PROBLEMS
OF VICTIMS IN BRGY. RIOHONDO, ZAMBOANGA CITY
Scope and Limitations

This study involves only direct relatives of typhoon victims who are of
the 1st and 2nd degree. Also, relatives must not be victims of the typhoon. In
terms of the victims, they must have residency for at least one (1) year in
Brgy. Riohondo, Zamboanga City. Victims must also be within the “teen-years”
or from thirteen (13) to nineteen (19) years old following the suggestion of
Margot (2012) that categorizes these ages to have a heavier emotional
response to distress. This study will not involve any prior experiences of
relatives with the concerned victims like personal grudges, relationship gaps,
and misunderstandings.
 HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES
EXPERIENCES OF RELATIVES WITH POST-TYPHOON ATTITUDE PROBLEMS
OF VICTIMS IN BRGY. RIOHONDO, ZAMBOANGA CITY
Continuation…

This study is limited due to three main reasons. First, this study is two
(2) years after the typhoon occurred; thus, there is a possibility that the
descriptions of the victims’ attitudes towards the respondents (relatives) will not
be as vivid as expected. Second, there is a possibility that the exposure of the re
spondents to the victims’ have not been too long to fit with the criteria of this s
tudy. Third and lastly, some of the respondents might not be comfortable with r
evisiting some experiences that might trigger unexpected events that might har
m the respondents and the researchers both physically and emotionally.
 EXAMPLE 2
THE IMPORTANCE OF MANGYAN BURIAL RITUAL PRACTICES IN THE LENS
OF GENERATION Z MANGYAN COMMUNITY MEMBERS
Scope and Limitations

The scope of this study extends only up to burial ritual practices only, i
ncluding superstitious beliefs that are observed when there is a funeral. This stu
dy will also involve only full-blooded Mangyan community members born from
1988-2007, considering that their age will already make them fit to answer the q
uestions relating to the problem. This study will also involve before, during, and
after burial ritual practices. This study will not involve other rituals and superstiti
ous beliefs that are not burial-related. This researchers would also like to draw a
clear line that this study is not religion-related, but would be viewed in the lens
of culture no matter how one affects the other.
 HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES
THE IMPORTANCE OF MANGYAN BURIAL RITUAL PRACTICES IN THE LENS
OF GENERATION Z MANGYAN COMMUNITY MEMBERS
Continuation…

This study is limited due to three main reasons. Firstly, the researchers
assumed that most of the respondents will be available during the morning or
afternoon, but most of them where only available at night because most of
them where in school; thus, allowing us to interview on a handful of the target
number of respondents. Second, the language barrier caused many translation
problems; thus, responses are just possible translations of the actual answers
and are not definite representatives. Third and lastly, is consent from parents. It
was not expected that during the interview, parents from the tribe sought it as
important to be by the side of their child during the interview; thus, making the
responses short an making the respondents quite hesitant and conscious.
ANY QUESTIONS?

THANK YOU!
Activity 2
Directions:

1. You will be working by pair

2. You will need 1 whole sheet of paper
3. Write the following on the upper right-hand corner of your
paper:
-Complete Name
-Grade and Section (Grade 12- Dela Costa)
-Complete Date (Month, Date, Year)
-Complete Name of Teacher ( Given Name/s, Middle Name,
Surname)
-Subject (Eng 122- Qualitative Research)
Activity 2
Directions:
4. Two titles will be provided on the LED screen
5. Each title comes with three entries for scope and three
entries for limitations
6. Entries are mixed and it is up to you to locate which
belong to the scope and which belong to the limitations
first
7. For each title, use the provided entries to be able to come
up with a Scope and Limitations entry
8. Grading will follow the Content-5, Organization-5, and
Mechanics-5 Rubric used to grade all your written
activities
 A. The Terrors of the Marcos Administration that Urged
the Youth to Fight Back

• Negative emotional response from some respondents

• Student activists from State Universities in Mindanao
• Have made a significant contribution to the toppling down of the
Marcos administration
• Most are now members of the New People’s Army
• Includes military abuse and injustice
• Privacy of respondents
 A. The Perceptions of OFWs Who Worked in South Korea
on the Possibility of Working in North Korea

• OFW who are house helpers, welders, sales representatives, and

assistants only.
• Rare exposure of North Korean defectors
• Have been employed for not less than one (1) year in a Korean-owned
company or Korean household
• Sensitive issue to South Koreans, especially when interviewed by a
foreigner
• Has experienced working with or living with a North Korean Defector
• Low number of respondents that fit the criteria for the needed OFW-
respondent
Activity 3
Directions:

1. Using the worksheet given to you, complete the task by

composing the scope and limitations for your study.
2. As of the moment, you may use the delimitations.