CHEMICAL REACTIONS

AT THE END OF THIS SECTION, STUDENTS ARE

EXPECTED TO:
a.Recognize that energy is either released
or absorbed in a chemical reaction
b.Define catalysts and how they affect
chemical reaction
c. Use collision theory to explain rate of
reaction
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
The generalized chemical equation is given by:
A+B C+D
Substances A and B are called reactants
Substances C and D are called products
The arrow sign indicates the direction of the reaction
“A reacts with B to form C and D”
CONSEQUENCES OF CHEMICAL REACTION
➢Reactants either disappear or are diminished
➢New substances appear as products with
chemical and physical properties different
from the original reactants
➢Energy is either released or absorbed,
although in some reactions the energy released
is too small to be detected
BASIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS

➢Combination
➢Decomposition
➢Single displacement
➢Double displacement
➢Combustion
COMBINATION REACTION
➢Two substances
combine two form a
single substance
➢An equation is
balanced when the
number of element in
both sides of the
equation is equal
COMBINATION REACTION
Reaction
A+BAB
Unbalanced
Mg + O2  MgO
Balanced
2Mg + O2  2MgO
DECOMPOSITION REACTION
➢Occurs when a substance
is broken down into smaller
chemical species
➢An example of this is
when water is broken
down into hydrogen and
oxygen. This process is
called electrolysis of water
DECOMPOSITION REACTION
Reaction
AB  A + B
Unbalanced
H2O  H2 + O
Balanced
2H2O  2H2 + O2
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION
➢One element takes
the place of another
in a compound, and
the one which had
been removed is set
free
➢Also called
substitution reaction
SINGLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION
Reaction
A + BC  AC + B
Unbalanced
Zn + HCl  ZnCl2 +H2
Balanced
Zn +2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2
DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT REACTION

➢Occurs when
two elements
from separate
compounds
replace each
other
DOUBLE REPLACEMENT REACTION
Reaction
AB + CD  CB + AD
Unbalanced
NaCl + AgNO3  NaNO3 + AgCl
Balanced
NaCl + AgNO3  NaNO3 + AgCl
COMBUSTION REACTION
➢Occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen to produce
carbon dioxide and water
➢It is a chemical reaction involving a combustible material
(fuel) and an oxidizer (a compound that releases an oxygen)
that results in the formation of an oxidized product
➢The combustible material takes the form CmHn(O), it may or
may not contain an oxygen atom
➢The chemical symbol CmHn is the generic symbol for many
hydrocarbons
COMBUSTION REACTION
Reaction
CmHn(O2) + O2  CO2 + H2O
Unbalanced
C7H16 + O2  CO2 + H2O
Balanced
C7H16 + 11O2  7CO2 + 8H2O
EXAMPLE 1 IDENTIFYING THE TYPE OF REACTION

Air bags in cars are inflated when an

electrical ignition causes sodium azide
NaN3 to produce nitrogen gas
NaN3  Na + N2
Identify the type of chemical reaction
and balance the chemical equation
EXAMPLE 1 IDENTIFYING THE TYPE OF REACTION
Solution:
This is a decomposition reaction because by
applying an electric current, sodium has been
separated from nitrogen in NaN3. The equation is
not yet balanced because nitrogen has 3 atoms on
the left side but has only 2 atoms on the right side.
The balanced equation is
2NaN3  2Na +3N2
EXAMPLE 2 IDENTIFYING THE TYPE OF REACTION
Identify the type of reaction and balance the
equation if necessary
a. CH4(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(l)
b. Fe2O3(s) + C(g)  Fe(s) + CO2(g)
c. BaCl2(s) + Na2SO4(s)  BaSO4(s) + NaCl(s)
EXAMPLE 2 IDENTIFYING THE TYPE OF REACTION
Solution
a.It is a combustion reaction. Methane gas
CH4 reacts with O2 to produce carbon
dioxide and water. The balanced
equation is
CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O
EXAMPLE 2 IDENTIFYING THE TYPE OF REACTION
Solution
b. Single displacement. In this reaction oxygen is
removed from hematite ore Fe2O3 and reacts
with carbon to produce carbon dioxide.
Clearly, the equation is not balanced because
iron has 2 atoms on one side but has only 1
atom on the other side of the equation. The
balanced equation is
2Fe2O3 + 3C  4Fe + 3CO2
EXAMPLE 2 IDENTIFYING THE TYPE OF REACTION
Solution
c. This is a double displacement reaction.
Barium replaces sodium in NaSO4 and
sodium replaces barium in BaCl2. The
balanced equation is
BaCl2 + Na2SO4  BaSO4 + 2NaCl
NEXT TOPIC:
ENERGY AND
RATE OF
REACTION