Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Managing Emotions: What and Why of Emotions
Managing Emotions: What and Why of Emotions
o biological.
o gathering data about the world through the senses and organizing that data
Facilitate development
vary along a number of dimensions: intensity, type, origin, arousal, value, self-regulation, etc.
have a central place in moral education and moral life through conscience, empathy, and
many specific moral emotions such as shame, guilt, and remorse;
Fear
Anger
Guilt
Depression
Jealousy
Self-pity
Anxiety
Resentment
Frustration
Shame
Envy
Pride
Just how many emotions are there?
Theories of Emotions
James-Lange theory of emotion
Theories of Emotions
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
Cognitive labeling and action would follow consciousness of feeling and physiological
arousal
Theories of Emotions
o A two-stage theory stating that for an emotion to occur, there must be (1)
physiological arousal and (2) an explanation for the arousal
o Does not account for specific physiological states associated with some emotions
o Primary (relevance)
o Secondary (options)
Body/Physical
o blood pressure
o heart rate
o posture
o tears,
o perspiration
Behavior
o facial expressions
o activity level
o alertness
o screaming
o laughing
o smiling
aggression
approach/avoidance
attention/distraction
insomnia
anhedonia
The brain structure most closely associated with fear is the amygdala
When the emotion of fear first materializes, much of the brain’s processing is nonconscious
Researchers using electro-encephalographs to track mood changes have found that reductions in
both anxiety and depression are associated with a shift in electrical activity from the left to the right
side of the brain
Basic Emotions
Basic emotions
o Emotions that are found in all cultures, that are reflected in the same facial
expressions across cultures, and that emerge in children according to their biological
timetable
Ekman
o Suggested considering emotions as families
o The anger family might range from annoyed to irritated, angry, livid, and, finally,
enraged
o If perceived as a family, anger should also include various forms of its expression
Protypical Behavior
Expression of Emotion
Range of emotion
Claim there are subtle distinctions in the facial expression of a single emotion
that convey its intensity
o Like the motor skills of crawling and walking, facial expressions of emotions develop
according to a biological timetable of maturation
Expression of Emotion
Believed that the facial expression of emotion was an aid to survival because
it enabled people to communicate their internal states and react to emergencies
before they developed language
Maintained that most emotions, and the facial expressions that convey them,
are genetically inherited and characteristic of the entire human species
Expression of Emotion
Also found important cultural differences in the ways emotions are elicited
and regulated and in how they are shared socially
Expression of Emotion
o Display rule
Cultural rules that dictate how emotions should be expressed and when and
where their expression is appropriate
Cole
Found that 3-year-old girls, when given an unattractive gift, smiled
nevertheless
They had already learned a display rule and signaled an emotion they very
likely did not feel
Davis
Found that among first to third graders, girls were better able to hide
disappointment than boys were
o Not only can emotions be displayed but not felt, they can also be felt but not
displayed
o Most of us learn display rules very early and abide by them most of the time
Experiencing Emotion
Facial-feedback hypothesis
o Sylvan Tomkins
Claimed that the facial expression itself – that is, the movement of the facial
muscles producing the expression – triggers both the physiological arousal and
the conscious feeling associated with the emotion
Researcher found that both anger and fear accelerate heart rate, but fear
produces colder fingers than does anger
Experiencing Emotion
Facial-feedback hypothesis
o Izard
o Emotion allows us to detect risk more quickly than we could with rational thought
alone
Emotional understanding
Liking (I)
GETS YOU
GETS YOU
HIRED
FIRED/PROMOTED
THE PROFESSIONAL SUCCESS
The HEAD
The HEART
IQ
EQ
THE PERSONALITY
THE PERSONALITY
Thinking Part
Feeling Part
EQ
Kohlberg’s Three Levels and Six Stages of Moral Development
Self-
Awareness
Reading one’s own emotions
and recognizing their impact
Social
Awareness
Ability to attune to how others feel,
and to “read” situations
Self-
Management
Keeping disruptive emotions
& impulses under control
Social
Skills
Ability to guide the emotional
tone of the group
Emotional awareness
Accurate self-assessment
Self-confidence
Self-Management
Adaptability
Self-control
Conscientiousness
Initiative
Achievement Orientation
Trustworthiness
Social-Awareness
Empathy
Service Orientation
Organizational awareness
Social skills
Leadership
Develop others
Change catalyst
Conflict management
Influence
Building bonds
Communication
Teamwork
Defining Group EI
Individual Emotional Intelligence
Emotional Arousal
Awareness of Situation
Behavior
Group
Emotional
Intelligence
Group EI Model