Kaufman House,
TOA
VOLUME – it is a plane
extended in a direction other
than its intrinsic direction.
Conceptually, has
three dimensions, length,
width, depth.
RHYTHM – it is a
movement characterized by
a patterned repetition or
alternation of formal
elements or
motifs in the same or a
modified form.
FORM – is the primary
identifying characteristics of
a volume. / a manner of
arranging and
coordinating the elements
and parts of a composition
so as to produce a coherent
image.
ANTHROPOMETRY – it
refers to the measurement
of the size and body
proportions of the human
body.
ARTICULATION – it is a
method of manner of joining
that makes the united parts
clear, distinct, and
precise in relation to each
other.
HUMAN SCALE – it is a
type of scale that based on
the dimensions and
proportions of the human
body.
SHAPE – it is the
preliminary identifying
characteristic of a plane.
TINTS – it is a mixture of a
color with white, which
increases lightness.
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT –
“Idea is salvation by
imagination”, designed the
COLOR – a phenomenon of
Guggenheim Museum in
New York.
VISUAL SCALE – It is a
type of scale that refers to
how small or large
something appears to be in
relation
to its normal size or to the
size of other things in its
context.
COLOR WHEEL – it is the
abstract illustrative
organization of color hues
around a circle, which
shows the
relationship between
primary, secondary, tertiary
colors and etc.
SHADE – it is a mixture of
black which reduces
lightness.
SIZE – it is the physical
dimensions of length, width,
and a depth of a form.
SCALE – it refers to how we
perceive or judge the size of
something in relation to
something else.
CONTRAST – it is an
opposition or juxtaposition
of dissimilar elements in a
work to intensify each
element’s
properties and produce a
more dynamic
expressiveness.
WARM COLORS – these
type of colors exhibit energy
and joy.
PLANE – it is an extended
line in a direction other than
its intrinsic direction.
OBLIQUE – it is a type of
approach that enhances the
effect of perspective on the
front façade and
form of a building.
light and visual perception
that may be described in
terms of an
individual’s perception of
hue, saturation, and tonal
value.
VISUAL INERTIA – it is the
degree of concentration and
stability of a form.
CIRCULATION – it is the
passage of persons or
things from one place to
another or through an area.
COMPLEMENTARY –
colors that are opposite to
each other on the color
wheel.
ANALOGOUS – a group of
three colors that are next to
each other on the color
wheel.
ORIENTATION – it is the
direction of a form relative to
the ground plane, the
compass points, other
forms, or to the
person viewing the form.
FRONTAL – it is kind of
approach leads directly to
the entrance of a building
along straight, axial
path.
SPIRAL – it prolongs the
sequence of the approach
and emphasizes the three-
dimensional form of a
building as we moved
around its perimeter.
SYMMETRY – it is the exact
correspondence in size,
form, and arrangement of
parts on opposite
sides of a
dividing line or plane, or
about a center or axis.
BILATERAL SYMMETRY –
refers to the balanced
arrangement of similar or
equivalent elements on
opposite sides of a median
axis so that only one plane
can divide the
whole into essentially
identical halves.
RADIAL SYMMETRY – the
balanced arrangement of
similar, radiating elements
such that the
composition can be divided
into similar halves by
passing a plane at any
angle around a center point
or along a central axis.
POSITION – it is the
location of a form relative to
its environment or the visual
field within which it
is seen.
HIERARCHY – it is the
articulation of the
importance or significance
of a form or space by its
size, shape,
placement relative to the
other forms and space of
the organization.
MENHIR – a prehistoric
monument consisting of an
upright megalith, usually
standing alone but
sometimes
aligned with others.
PASSIVE DESIGN - it is a
design that works with the
environment to exclude
unwanted heat or cold
and take
advantage of sun and
breezes and avoiding or
minimizing the need for
mechanical
heating or cooling system.
LUIS SULLIVAN – “form
follows function”.
SOCIOFUGAL SPACE – it
is a space which tend to
keep people apart and
discourage conversation.
AVOID HEAT GAIN – it is a
principle of passive design
that require the use of
materials with low
thermal mass as a general
rule.
CLUSTERED – it is an
organization of space that
relies on physical proximity
to relate its spaces to
one another. It often
consists of repetitive,
cellular spaces that have
similar functions
and share a common visual
trait such as shape or
orientation.
SOCIOPETAL SPACES – it
is a space which tend to
bring people together.
SPACE – it is space is the
three-dimensional field in
which object and vents
occur and have relative
position and direction,
especially a portion of that
field set apart in a given
instance or for a
particular purpose.
MONSOON – it is seasonal
shift in the prevailing wind
direction, that usually brings
with it a different
kind of weather.
INSULATION – it is a
passive design
consideration that controls
the rate at which a building
loses or
gains heat, keeping warmer
air in during winter and
excluding external heat in
summer.
BRUTALISM – it
emphasizes the aesthetic
use of basic building
processes, especially of
cast-in-
place concrete, with no
apparent concern for visual
amenity.
PHILIP JOHNSON –
“Architecture is the art of
how to waste space”.
ANTONI GAUDI – architect
of the La Sagrada Familia in
Spain.
ACTIVE COOLING – it is a
building design approach
that addresses the problem
of inducting comfort
by means of equipment that
consume energy.
FRANK GEHRY – architect
of the Guggeinheim
Museum in Bilbao, Spain.
ROMANESQUE – it is the
style that characterized by
massive articulated wall
structures, arches and
powerful vaults.
INTIMATE DISTANCE – it
is a level of distance
wherein vision is distorted
and any vocalization is a
whisper, moan, or grunt.
RADIAL – it is the
organization of space that
consists of a dominant
central space from which a
number
of linear organizations
extend in a radial manner.
SPACE LINKED BY A
COMMON SPACE – it is a
two space that are
separated by distance which
can be linked or related to
each other by a third,
intermediate, space.
JORN UTZON – Architect of
the Sydney Opera in
Australia?
PROXEMICS – it is the
study of the symbolic and
communicative role of the
spatial separation
individuals
maintain in various social
and interpersonal situation,
and how the nature
and degree of this spatial
arrangement relates to
environmental and culture
factors.
BULK INSULATION – it is a
type of insulation that acts
as thermal mass and resists
the transfer of
heat.
SPACE WITHIN A SPACE
– it is a type of spatial
relationship which the larger
enveloping space
serves as a three-
dimensional field for the
smaller space contained
with
it.
REFLECTIVE INSULATION
– it is a type of insulation
that are usually shiny
aluminum foil laminated
onto paper or plastic.
ROCOCO – a style that
associated with lightness,
swirling forms, flowing lines,
ornate stucco work,
and arabesque ornament.
LUDWIG MIES VAN der
ROHE – “God is in the
Details”. Designed the
Seagram building in New
York in collaboration with
Philip Johnson.
SOCIAL DISTANCE – it is a
level of distance where we
solely on what we can see
and hear. It is a
level of distance wherein
eyesight begins to focus,
and vocalization comes into
play.
NORMAN FOSTER –
architect of the 30 St. Mary
Axe in London, England.
PERSONAL SPACE – the
variable and subjective
distance at which one
person feels comfortable
talking to one another.
DECEMBER 21 – winter
solstice falls on.
JUNE 21 – summer solstice
falls on.
INTERLOCKING SPACES
– it is an interlocking spatial
relationship results from the
overlapping of
two spatial fields and the
emergence of a zone of
shared space.
TYPHOON – a great portion
of the rainfall, humidity, and
cloudiness.
WINDOWS – it is the
important way to encourage
and direct air flow into a
building.
LE CORBUSIER – architect
of Notre Dame du Haut in
France.
MICHAEL GRAVES –
architect of Humana
building in Louisville,
Kentucky.
ART DECO – a style that
marked by geometric motifs,
streamlined and curvilinear
forms, sharply
defined, outlines, often bold
colors.
THERMAL MASS – it is the
ability of building materials
to absorb, store, and
release heat.
PUBLIC DISTANCE – is the
zone where we can no
longer pick up subtle
nuances of meaning from
the
face or tone of voice.
KENZO TANGE – architect
of St. Mary’s Cathedral in
Tokyo.
GRID – an organization of
space which consists of
forms and spaces whose
positions in space and
relationship with
one another are regulated
by three-dimensional grid
patterns or field.
NEOCLASSICISM – a style
that characterized by
monumentally, strict use of
the orders, and spacing
application of ornament.
ART NOUVEAU – a style of
fine and applied art
characterized by fluid,
undulating motifs, often
derived
from natural forms.
GOTHIC – a style that
characterized by a delicate
balance of forces, with
thrusts directed throughout
a rigid structural
lattice.
LINEAR – it is a type of
organization consists
essentially of a series of
spaces which directly
related to one another or
be linked through a
separate and distinct linear
space.
RENAISSANCE – a style
that characterized by the
use of classical orders,
round arches, and
symmetrical proportions.
CLASSICAL – it is derived
from the principles of Greek
and Roman architecture.
I.M PEI – Bank of China
Tower in Hong Kong.
TROMBE WALL – it is a
passive solar building
design where a wall is built
on the winter sun side of a
building
with a glass external layer
and a high heat capacity
internal layer
separated by a layer of air.
HUMIDITY – it refers to the
moisture content of the
atmosphere.
BAROQUE – a style that
attempt to impress, and was
lavish of all style, both in its
use of materials
and the effects it achieves.
TEXTURE – it is the visual
and especially tactile quality
given to a surface by the
size, shape,
arrangement, and
proportion of the parts.
WALTER GROPIUS –
architect of the Bauhaus
School and Faculty in
Germany.
STYLE – it is a particular or
distinctive form of artistic
expression characterized of
a person, people, or
period.
OSCAR NIEMEYER –
architect of the Brasilia
Cathedral in Brasilia.
ADJACENT SPACES – it is
the most common type of
spatial relationship.
NETWORK – a
configuration consists of
paths that connect
established points in space.
COMPOSITE – employing a
combination of the
preceding patterns.
PROPORTION – the proper
harmonious relation of one
part to another or to the
whole.
GOLDEN SECTION – can
be defined as the ratio
between two sections of a
line, or the two
dimensions of a plane
figure, in which the lesser of
the two is to the greater as
the
greater is to the sum of
both.
MODULOR – developed by
Le Corbusier to order the
dimensions of that which
contains and that
which is
contained.
BALANCE – a state of
equilibrium between
contrasting, opposing, or
interacting elements.
REPETITION – the act or
process of repeating formal
elements or motifs in a
design.
EXPRESSIONISM –
building were treated not
only as functional structures
but also as sculptural
objects.
INTERNATIONAL STYLE –
functional architecture
devoid of regional
characteristics, by simple
geometric forms, large
untextured, often white
surfaces, large areas of
glass, and general use of
steel or reinforced concrete
construction.
BAUHAUS – the concept
and ideas were
characterized chiefly by the
synthesis of technology,
craft, and design
aesthetics.
POST-MODERNISM –
encourages use of elements
from historical vernacular
styles and often playful
illusion,
decoration, and complexity.
ORGANIC
ARCHITECTURE –
expression of personal
freedom; harmony between
structures and the
environment.
DECONSTRUCTION – neo
modern or post-
structuralism; questions
traditional assumptions and
takes modernist abstraction
to an extreme and
exaggerates already known
motifs.
EVOLUTIONARY
ARCHITECTURE – design
that grows and develops
based on climatic and
ecological elements, as well
as advances in technology.
CONCEPTUAL
ARCHITECTURE –
“invisible” or “imaginary”
architecture.
CLIMATE – a measure of
the average pattern of
variation in temperature,
humidity, atmospheric
pressure, wind,
precipitation, atmospheric
particle counts and other
meteorological
variables in a given region
over long periods of time.
SEASONS – using
temperature and rainfall as
bases, the climate of the
country can be divided into
two major
seasons: rainy and dry.
PASSIVE COOLING – the
tropics results in a building
that is comfortable, energy
efficient and results
in substantial savings
running costs of both
cooling and lighting.

LANDSCAPING – reducing
the extent of paving and
other hard surfaces with
vegetation.

NATURAL LIGHTING –
maximizing the amount of
natural light that enters the
building can lead to
significant energy savings
by reducing the need for
artificial lighting.

SKYLIGHTS – provide good

quality light to work spaces
that are away from
windows. But they need
to be shaded and glazed to
prevent heat transfer.

ATRIA – an atrium is a
large open space, often
several stories high and
having a glazed roof and/or
large windows.

LIGHT SHELVES – an
architectural element that
allows daylight to penetrate
deeper into a building.

CLERESTORY WINDOWS
– these are high, vertically
placed windows that are
ideally north facing.