REVIEWER in Earth and Life Science

 Steady State Theory suggests that the universe will stay the same throughout time
 The universe resulted from a series of Big Bang and Big Crunch is true about the Oscillating Universe Theory
 Atomic particles combine with other atomic particles happens during nucleosynthesis
 The aftermath of the explosion caused by Big Bang is true about cosmic background radiation
 As proposed by the Encounter Theory, a near collision between the sun and a passing star events led to the formation of the
solar system
 The temperature away from the sun was cool enough for gases to condense explains the placement of the Jovian planets in the
outer solar system
 Encounter Theory suggests that the solar system formed after a star passed near the Sun
 According to the Nebular Theory, hydrogen particles comprises the nebula
 Earth permits growth and life
 .Nitrogen is the most abundant in Earth’s atmosphere
 How do oxygen and carbon dioxide carbon dioxide is used by photosynthetic organisms in photosynthesis, and the oxygen is
used by humans and animals for respiration make the earth habitable
 Soil is a living medium for growth of all kinds of vegetation.
 Photosphere is not included in Earth’s subsystems
 Earth’s subsystems interact with each other making life possible on earth is true about the Earth’s subsystems
 It is the habitat for some species of plants and animals is true about the geosphere
 Ultraviolet rays will easily penetrate the earth will happen if the atmosphere on Earth is removed
 Pluto is a dwarf planet
 Eris in Kuiper belt discoveries led to the questioning of Pluto’s status as a planet
 As planned by Mars One Program, it takes one year for humans to travel to Mars from Earth
 The clustering of six objects in the Kuiper Belt observations led to the assumption of Mike Brown and Konstantin Batygin about
the ninth planet in our solar system
 James Lovelock proposed the Gaia hypothesis
 James Hutton is the father of modern geology
 bacteria modified the Earth’s atmosphere during the Precambrian times
 the earth’s work as a self regulating system is the basic idea of the Gaia hypothesis
 magma material makes up the mantle
 the inner core solid, but the outer core liquid, if both regions have very high temperatures because the pressure in the outer core
is lower than the inner core
 inner core and outer core layers generate the Earth's magnetic field
 behavior of rocks is the main difference between the asthenosphere and the lithosphere
 mineral is a solid, inorganic, naturally occurring substance with a fixed structure and a definite composition.
 hardness is the ability of a mineral to resist scratches.
 luster describes how the mineral sparkles in light.
 feldspar mineral is almost as hard as quartz
 Sander found an unknown mineral that has not been reported before. He observed the behavior of the mineral when he tried to
cut and crush it. Tenacity is a physical characteristic of the mineral was examined by Sander
 Hank, together with his colleagues, is in search for a mineral that is typically black in color. Its crystal form is short and thick, with
two cleavages that are nearly a right angle. They are looking for pyroxene rock-forming mineral
 metamorphic rocks are formed from pre-existing rocks exposed to extreme heat and pressure in the Earth’s interior
 extrusive igneous rocks are formed by the solidification of lava
 fine – grained describes the texture of a volcanic rock
 an igneous rock become a metamorphic rock when it is subjected into high pressure and temperature.
 a metamorphic rock transform into an extrusive igneous rock when it melts and then cools on the earth surface
 basalt is a mafic extrusive igneous rock
 sedimentary rock is formed by the lithification of sediments
 calcite is the dominant mineral in limestone
 superficial is not a type of weathering
 weathering is the process of breaking rocks into smaller pieces called sediments.
 wind erosion is a type of erosion happens when light materials, such as small rocks and pebbles, are carried by the wind to
different places.
 mountains is not an example of areas where the sediments are deposited
 magma is a semi-liquid mixture of rocks found in the lower portion of the crust and upper part of the mantle.
 volcano is an opening on the Earth’s crust where magma and gases are being released.
 magma reach the Earth’s surface thru uplifting
 the difference between the magma and the lava,the magma is found in the crust and the mantle while the lava is found on the
earth’s surface.
 Alfred Wegener proposed that in the beginning the Earth has only one giant landmass that slowly broke apart into smaller land
pieces
 Pangaea is the giant landmass that is present on the Earth in the beginning
 glossopteris is a fernlike plant whose fossils were found distributed in all the continents
 convection currents in the earth’s interior moves the crust is best explains how the continents move
 convergent type of boundaries are colliding plates found
 transform is associated with plates that slide past each other
 During a field trip, you observed that the cross-section of a mountain is U- shaped. syncline a type of fold is most likely happened
to the mountain
 Atlantic Ocean is at a divergent boundary where the seafloor spreads. expanding is happening to the Atlantic Basin
 What does the farther the ocean floor to the oceanic ridge, the older it is, the seafloor spreading suggest on the ocean floor age
 On a diving activity that you participated in you were able to get near an oceanic ridge. The temperature of the water near it is
higher than the rest which best describes the temperature of the water near the oceanic ridge.