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“ Broadcast Journalism”

TOPIC:
“Radio and TV Talk Shows”
SUBMITTED BY:
Asma Maqsood 510
Harmain Akhtar 499
Tayyaba Yousaf 485
SUBMITTED BY
Mam Sana Fatima
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Content

1. What is talk show?

2. History of talk shows
3. Classification According to Medium
 Radio talks
 TV talk shows

4. TV Talk shows
 Categories of TV talk shows According to Timing
 Types of TV talk shows
 Production of TV talk shows
 Equipment required for TV production
 Top rated TV talks shows
 Flaws in TV Talk shows

5. Radio Talks
 Definition
 Production of Radio Talks
 Types of Radio Talk Production
 Equipment required for Radio talks
 Formats of radio talk

6. Impact of talk shows

7. Conclusion
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What is talk shows?

“A television or radio show in which various topics are discussed to inform or

educate the listens.”
It is usually hosted by one person that focuses on interviews or audience
participation. In talk shows guests are those people who are learned, highly
educated or who have great experience in relation to whatever issue is being
discussed.
“Talk Show” is basically the word of American & Australian English. In British
English it is know by “Chat Show”.

History
The talk show is one of the most popular types of TV programs. This type of show
has a long history which goes back to the time that every home got a television in
the 1950’s. TV talk show has seen the role and characteristics of the host change
throughout its history. As the TV talk show has evolved, it has developed its
special format, and the role of the host has changed with the passage of the time.
Basically The talk show has been evolved from a radio station to a television as a
TV talk show.

First TV talk show

Joe Franklin, an American radio and television personality, hosted the first
television talk show
First Radio Talk
Steve Allen was the first host of The Tonight Show, which began as a local New
York show, being picked up by the NBC network in 1954. It in turn had evolved
from his late-night radio talk show in Los Angeles. First known use of talk radio in
1972.
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Television talk show

The talk show has been an important programming format for television and radio
since its earliest origins. On television, the earliest such program was Meet the
Press, which first aired in 1947.
The original host, Martha Rountree, was also the only woman in the program's
history to moderate discussion as politicians and other public leaders made
appearances. As television's ability to impact society grew, so did the need for
expansions of the talk show format.
In 1952, the Today show made its first appearance on NBC with host Dave
Garroway, Soon other networks followed with similar programs.
A variety of daytime talk shows have covered a number of issues with very distinct
methods of delivery. Serious, issue-oriented programs have been important
vehicles for the discussion of important social issues. Other television talk
programs have featured hosts interjecting their personal opinions to guests while
fielding questions from the audience.
The growth of "trash TV" began in the early 1980s.
National Public Radio, founded in 1970, serves over fifteen million listeners.

Classification According to the Medium Two

Types Of Medium.
Radio:
No doubt the talk show is emerged due to this medium but now a days it is not
worthy to put any impact to the audience as compare to the TV. There is short list
of the talk shows in radio like the live shows wethere it is in evening or in
morning. In this live show the host just chit chat on a particular topic most
probably in funny way.
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TV Talk shows: As we know that he impact of the TV is more than the radio.
Because we can see who is speaking and what is happening. With the developing
in media lots of the categories are evolved in talk shows

TV Talk Shows
Categories According to the timing Day timing
Afternoon Evening
Day Time
Day time is a time which mostly targets the house wives. There are also many
types of shows in that time. Like Morning shows, Cooking shows, TV Magazine
show i.e Geo Shaan Say, Utho Jago Pakistan, Subha Sawery Maya Kay Sath
Subh

Afternoon
This is the time when there is less viewership of tv channels In this time TV
Channels mostly on air the repeated telecast of live shows of the last day. i.e
Repeated Telecast of the Capital Talk on Geo News
Evening
This is basically the time when most of the People are free from their work places.
So they spend most of their time on watching the TV shows. Thus, there is more
viewership at this time so the most important or top rated shows of any TV channel
on air their programs at evening time. Political shows are more common at this
time because of the interest of the people.
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Types of TV talk shows

There are many types of talk show programs on television. These talk show
programs are produced by the production staff to deliver viewing pleasure to a
variety of audience. Most audiences love to follow a broadcast news program
because everyone wants to be up-to-date on today’s events. In addition, news
programs allow their viewers to experience many headlines around the world.
Some viewers are into sports, too, as these programs are exciting and fascinating.
On the other hand, some prefer a much lighter content and decide to watch popular
entertainment programs.

News talkshows
The first category of talk show is the news program. A news talk show is a
program that analyses the information in current reports or events. There are many
headlines to debate or discuss in this kind of talk show. For instance, political,
business and stock market, educational, and cultural talk shows are those with the
top ratings. Sometimes the anchor is joined by a specialist to provide an in depth
discussion on important topics. News talk shows are broadcast during prime time,
which usually takes place during the morning and evening hours. These shows
are usually televised in half- to an hour-length segment. The morning segment is
typically broadcast in the morning and is narrated by one host or a small team of
journalists consisting of at least a male and female news anchor. These shows are
either live or taped. The late night program has a statelier format than the morning
show and is usually hosted by one person. The night shows always deal with a
specific topic, and the host is then joined by experts who were invited to discuss
the topic of the day. These types of shows are aimed toward adults and older- aged
viewers.

Sports talkshows
The second type of talk show is the sports talk show. These shows are broadcasted
regularly on FOX Sports Network, ten sports and ESPN, respectively. Just like a
regular talk shows, sports talk shows are produced by the production staff and
consist of the host and the guest of the show. These shows are relatively concise
and usually last for thirty minutes. The format of the show usually contains a
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discussion of several headlines in sports ranging from the nation’s favorites to

Olympic sports. Moreover, many are specialized shows that devote all of their
resources to specific sports. The host of sports talk show also provides a daily
updates and conducts an interview with famous athletes .

Entertainment talk shows

The third type of talk show is the entertainment talk show. Entertainment talk
shows are created to bring a very light content to audience. Therefore, these shows
are all about enjoyment factors. People in an entertainment talk show usually
consist of the host, whose function is to interview the guests who were invited to
share their stories. The shows can be categorized into a daytime and a night-time
segments. Daytime viewers are composed of women or housewives. Thus, daytime
entertainment talk shows focus on home daily activities. This show has a casual
style and talks about general topics but manages to grab viewer’s attention. Other
shows such as cooking, homemaking, home repair, and fashion are among the
favorites of the day time entertainment talk show. Most of the more popular
evening and night or late night shows are televised in an hour length. The structure
and the format of most evening show usually features a high caliber host and
famous guest. The show often features several one-on-one interview, comedy, and
live musical performance. The top rating evening shows are The Oprah Winfrey
Show, late night with Begum Nawazish Ali
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Production of Television Talk Shows:

There are generally three main stages of television production:

 Pre-production,
 Production
 Post-production.
In each stage, different departments have different tasks. Organizing and
coordinating each element of the show's production.
1. Pre-production:
Pre-production is the first stage of television production. This is when scripts are
written, story lines are crafted and a storyboard is developed. Producers will do
research, location scouting, casting and budgeting. Actors will rehearse and the
director will plan his approach. This is more or less a planning stage, making sure
that all the elements are in place for production and post-production. A timeline
will be established and producers will coordinate different elements of both
production and post-production to ensure the most efficient workflow.
2. Production:
Production is the actual taping of the TV show or shoot. Cast and crew are
assembled, and the director will orchestrate the taping and work to shoot as quickly
as possible. Production may take place in a studio or on location. Location
shooting is almost always more work, as production equipment needs to be brought
to the location along with the cast and crew. Most TV shows prefer to use
established sets since this makes the production process easier.
3. Post-Production:
Post-production can occur after production or simultaneously during production,
depending on the planned approach for workflow. Post-production involves video
editing, titling, sound editing and mixing, dubbing, visual effects and processing.
This process can occur simultaneously with production. As soon as raw footage is
taken, the post-production team can begin to process and edit it. Depending on the
nature of the show, post production can be tedious. There may be hours of footage
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to go through. If any visual effects or computer-generated graphics (CGI) are

needed, they can slow the process down significantly.
4. Duplication and Distribution:
Once a final copy of the show is ready, it must be duplicated or copied so the staff
can send it to stations or affiliates. The show is packaged with cover art and sent
out to distributors so that it is available to a wide viewing audience

Equipment for T.V production


Multiple Cameras
 Tripod for each camera
 A video switcher that can handle every single video source you have (or
computer system)
 Multiple microphones
An audio switcher that can handle every audio source you have (or computer
system)

 Graphics generator
 Multiple TV Monitors, minimum of one per video source
 Video tape/DVD decks
 CD/audio tape players
 Cables and connectors to piece it all together
 Lights
 Set furniture- usually something homey. Avoid detailed patterns. Go for solid
colors that blend.

Top Rated TV Talk Shows

Capital Talk Hosted by Hamid Mir.
It is broadcast four days a week (Monday to Thursday) in the timing of 8:05pm.
Launched in 2002. Capital talk is the longest run TV show in Pakistan history
which is aired from geo news. In capital talk, Hamid Mir invites renowned
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political figures from different political parties of Pakistan and various national and
international level issues are discussed.

Kal Tak Kal tak

Is a political talk show. Aired from Express News. Hosted by a well known
anchor and columnist Javed Chaudhry. Show revolves around the political issues
of Pakistan. Language Urdu

Off the record Kashif abbasi

is an anchor person on ary news. His program is known because of his bold steps
and unbiased approach. He invites key politicians from various parties in his show
and discusses political situation in the country and all around the world with his
guests .

Aapas ki baat Najam sethi

is a well known political analyst, known for his valuable political analyses host this
show. Aired from geo TV. This program is very popular among public and people
give due respect to his views.

Bolta Pakistan
Popular program Aired from AAJ TV. Originally hosted by two well known
analysts Nusrat Javed and Mushtaq Minhas. It is Pro PMLN. Show aims to keep
track of open discussions over subsequent shows.

Hasb-e-Haal Hasb-e-Haal is a political comedy show Airs on Dunya TV at

11:05 pm from Thursday to Sunday. It stars Sohail Ahmed, Junaid Saleem and
Najia Baig. Languages: Urdu, Punjabi Genres: Comedy, humorous

Khabarnaak
Geo News TV Program Pakistani Comedy television show. Airs on 11:05pm on
Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays. Hosted by Aftab Iqbal With Amanullah
Sakhawat Naz and Mir Mohammad Ali. Seemab Umar Imam is the co-hos t.
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Flaws in Tv Talk Shows

Political Talk Shows

 Political talk shows are the most watched TV shows in Pakistan. Their ratings
are above any other kind of entertainment shows on the television right now. It
has become a form of entertainment. The anchor persons these days have
claimed to become public spokesperson.

 Create Negativity
Some of them are doing a very good job but some take full advantage of such
situation in creating negativity in the minds of people. Anchor persons and
some investigative journalists instead of being analytical, which is their job as a
journalist, start giving strong views against or in favor of someone or
something, and make sure that everyone believes in whatever they say.

 Anti Government Talks Shows

These are one of the non-state actors that our govt reminds us about every other
day. Some of the talk shows namely “CAPITAL TALK “hosted by Mr.Hamid
Mir and “ KAL TAK WITH JAVED CHOUDHARY “ by Mr.Javed
Choudhary are thought to be anti- government talk shows. It is said that such
talkshows and their hosts are paid by antigovernment organization and sometimes
even by the some opposing political forces.
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What is Radio talks:?

“Talk radio is a radio format containing discussion about topical issues and
consisting entirely or almost entirely of original spoken word content rather than
outside music”
Most shows are regularly hosted by a single individual, and often feature
interviews with a number of different guests. Talk radio typically includes an
element of listener participation, usually by broadcasting live conversations
between the host and listeners who "call in" (usually via telephone) to the show.

Stages of Production of Radio Talks:

1.Pre-Production:

During pre-production at Youth Radio, young people identify story topics,

characters, sounds, and scenes. They prepare a 3-4 sentence ?pitch? for their
stories to present at an editorial meeting attended by peers and adult producers.
To get clarity on their own investments in the topics they?ve selected, they often
free-write on their story ideas. Research in this phase goes beyond web searches;
having actual conversations usually leads to new angles and ideas. Young
producers set up interviews, come up with questions, and prep and practice with
their equipment until they’re ready to start gathering tape.

2. Production:
During production, students interview characters and analysts. They record
ambience (naturally occurring sound) as well as scenes where something
meaningful happens, advancing rather than simply illustrating the story.
Sometimes producers collect?found audio? (e.g., voicemail messages, clips from
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home videos) and create or download music that resonates with the themes they’re
exploring in their stories, to add texture and mood.

3.Post-Production
In post-production, young people log all recordings? The interviews, scenes,
beds of ambient sound, even the music. With guidance from peer educators and
adult producers, they comb through logs to? pick their best clips,? And then
arrange those elements in an order that makes sense logically and narratively.
Next, they simply? Write around the clips??In other words, compose their own
narration in such a way that introduces each character and scene, makes
transitions, fills in missing information, and draws the story to conclusion. Once
the script is written, critiqued, and approved, young people record their narration
(a process called? tracking?) and then?dump? All the audio elements into a
digital editing computer program. They use that system to? Mix? Their stories,
arranging and layering the audio bits to match the script.

4. Distribution:
Youth Radio stories air on various local and national outlets, as well as through
online channels including our own website, MySpace, podcasting, and iTunes
radio. Particularly with national outlets like NPR, with its audiences that number in
the tens of millions, getting a Youth Radio story on the air can entail several
rounds of editing with the outlet’s show producers. It’s not easy to get stories on
national radio. And yet, significant audiences (27 million for public radio
nationally) can motivate and intensify learning, and through public release young
people can influence pressing social, cultural, and policy-level debates. That said,
today’s media landscape offers a proliferating array of distribution options: for
example, social networking and peer-to-peer websites, blogs, public access
stations, the school newspaper, and community events. A key dimension of
distribution entails preparing for and handling audience response, repurposing
material for multiple outlets, and priming stories for ?extended use? (e.g., when
policy-makers, advocates, educators, health providers, and peers apply youth-
produced content to their own agendas).
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Types of radio production:

There are different types of radio production so let?s be clear about each:

Audio Production:
It is an audio producer creates jingles, sweepers, promos and station imaging. The
role involves scripting audio, creating audio and inventing new creative ways to
get a message across in a limited amount of time.

Show Production:
Radio show producers work closely with the presenter of a radio show to come up
with interesting content including researching topics, features, call in ideas and
looking after the live show by watching song timings, choosing callers to put on air
and keeping the presenter on topic. Producers of radio shows will often do a little
audio production in their role too. Tasks can include creating daily promos for the
show and writing scripts.

Equipments Require for Radio Talk:

 Transmitter
 Receiver
 Antenna
 Transmission lines
 Audio process
 Mixer
 Speakers
 Cable
 Audio playback component
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Types of radio talks

Hot Talk

Hot talk", also called "FM talk" or "shock talk] is a talk radio format geared
predominantly to a male demographic between the ages of 18–49. The subject
matter generally consists of subjects pertaining to pop culture rather than the
political talk found on AM radio. Hosts of hot talk shows are usually known
as shock jocks.

Liberal talk radio

Politically liberal talk radio aimed at a national audience also emerged in the mid-
2000s. Air America, a network featuring The Al Franken Show, was founded in
2004. It billed itself as a "progressive alternative" to the conservative talk radio
shows .

Some prominent examples of liberal talk radio shows either previously or currently
in national syndication include: Dial Global talk show hosts Ed Schultz (left his
radio show and is currently on MSNBC)

Sports talk

Sports talk radio can be found locally and nationally in the US; as of 2013, five
national full-time sports talk networks exist. The oldest existing network, dating to
1991, is SB Nation Radio (although it has only been branded as such since 2016).
Market leader ESPN Radio followed shortly thereafter in 1992, followed by Fox
Sports Radio ca. 2000 and the near-concurrent entries of CBS Sports
Radio and NBC Sports Radio in late 2012 and early 2013
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Impact of talk shows

 Political Talk shows have become quite popular in Pakistan. They have given
rise to awareness. It helped much in changing the political scenario. The
contribution of the Talk shows on many important issues cannot be ignore.
 Every person has some affiliation and biasness in him/her. But the best person
is the one who keep his biasness out of argument & discussion and talks on
merit with logic and facts & figures and listen without pre-judging and pre-
labeling anyone and any argument. Its based upon the public interest.
 Talk shows make easy the understandings of the people
 Talk shows provide us information on various aspects of the event
 .News just tell us the event happening but talk shows give us the detail and
what is the background of the story.
 Now a days talk shows are generating political awareness among the people.
 A person can learn how to communicate? with the help of talk shows .and how
to convince others?
 Now every person can give his own analysis on any event which is happened.
Viewers now become opinion makers.
 Talk shows influences the persons life and become the source of social change.

Conclusion
Talk shows are the beauty of democracy. Public opinion must be involved in talk
shows like kamran shahid and Asma sherazi. Planted talk shows must be banned
by the Govt. Media organizations like PEMRA should have check and balance on
the talk shows and anchors should also be accountable to the law More over the
contribution of the Talk shows on many important issues cannot be ignored. But
some talk shows themselves are becoming "mafias" although it’s a hard word to
use, but it’s the reality. They have huge impact in creating a noise on the scene
about any issue or diverting the public’s attention from any critical issue. So it’s
very important to know the biases of the political anchor so we do not accept
everything they say but apply our own common sense and understanding to the
issues and the host from which background he is coming.
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