Verb To Be

(Am – Is – Are)

 Positive:
 I am a student (Yo soy un estudiante)
 She is a teacher (Ella es una profesora)
 They are ill (Ellos están enfermos)
 You are a nourse (Tu eres una enfermera)
 Negative:
 I am not a doctor. (Yo no soy doctor)
 He is not a lawyer. (El no es abogado)
 We are not from Argentina (Nosotros no somos de Argentina)
 Questions:
 Are you a football player? (¿Eres tu un jugador de futbol?)
 Are they at home ? (¿Estan ellos en casa?)
 Why are you in my chair? (¿Por qué estas tu en mi silla?)

In speech and informal writing, we usually use short form. For negative questions with I am, we
use aren´t I : Why aren´t I on the list?

Uses

 People and things:

 This is Michael Jackson
 He is John my cousin.
 Anna is very attractive.
 Ruth my girlfriend is very beautiful.
 Current states:
 It is really cold at the moment.
 It is raining very hard now.
 He is married.
 She is my sister.
 I´m homesick
 I´m a religious.
 Qualities (adjetives):
 My car is italian.
 My wife is french.
 My children aren´t nude.
 My cousin aren´t tall.
 I´m 1,75 metres tall.
 I´m 22 years old.
 Options:
  This book is boring
 Musical is very popular.
 Position, location and time:
 My flat is close to the city center.
 The hospital is near the shop.
 It´s two o´clock
 It´s three o´clock in the morning.
 Someone´s job / position:
 Karren Blady is a bussiness person
 My mu mis a dentist.
 We are students.
 I am a student.

Have and Have got

Positive I have two brothers
She has a beautiful car
They have a huge house
Negative I do not (don´t) have a phone.
He does not (doesn´t) have a bike
We do not (don´t) have a department.
Questions Do you have a niece? (Yes, I do)
Does she have a cat? (No, she doesn´t)
Why do they have two cars?
I have (ve) got two brothers
She has (s) got a sport car
They have (ve) got a huge house
I have not (haven´t) got a phone.
He has not (hasn´t) got a bike
We have not (haven´t) got a
department.
Have you got a niece? (Yes, I have)
Has she got a cat? (No, she hasn´t)
Why have they got two cars?

Have and Have got

(Possession, relationship, illness, etc)

 You can use HAVE and HAVE GOT. There is no difference in meaning:
 They have a new house or they have got a new house.
 I have a headache or I´ve got a headache.
 He has some problems or He´s got some problems.
 With these meanings (possession, etc), you can not use continuous forms (am having, etc) :
 We are enjoying our party. We have/ we have got good food and drink.
NOT : We are having good food and drink.
 Fort the past we use HAD (without got):
 Lisa had short hair when she was a child.

NOT: Lisa had got short hair.

 In the past questions and negative sentences we use did/ didn´t:

 Did you have a big house when you were living in New York?
 I didn´t have my phone, so I couldn´t call you.
  Lisa had long hair, didn´t she?
 We use forms of HAVE with past future tense:
 When I was a child I had much toys.
 One day we will have our own house.

Present Simple
Positive I live in London. My sister lives in Madrid.
My parents live in Glasgow.
Negative I do not (don´t) live in an apartament.
He does not (doesn´t) live in a house.
We do not (don´t) live in a block of flats.
Questions Do you work in an office? (No, I don´t)
Does she work from home? (Yes, she does)
Where do they work?

Uses

 Regular actions, habits and routines.

 We use the present simple for things that are often repeated or that happen regulary:
 He Works there once a month. Do the children go out in the evenings? No, they watch TV.
 Tos ay how often the action happens, we use adverbs of frequency (e.g. always, often) after be or before a
main verb:
 Angelo is often late for work. He always climbs to the top.
 Do you drive to work? Not really we usually use public transport. We rarely drive.
 Other time expressions. They usually go at the end of the sentence:
 Do you come to the studio every day? I go on holiday once a year.
 We go to our grandparents for lunch on Sundays.
 These can also go at the beginning for more emphasis.
 Every morning, I start to work at 8:30.
 Describing film, plays and books.
 Cronica de una muerte anunciada is very interesting to read.

Present Continuos
Positive I´m having lunch.
He´s watching TV.
They are running away.
Negative I´m not watching TV.
She isn´t having lunch.
We aren´t staying there.
Questions Are you watching TV? (No, I´m not)
Is she running away? (Yes, she is)
What are they having for lunch?
Uses:

Actions happening now around now.

We use the present continuous for:

 Actions happening around the time of speaking:

Hurry up!! The taxi is waiting. Are you watching TV?
 Actions happening around the time of speaking:
Trudi´s studying animal behaviour.
 Temporary situations:
We are staying at the mother´s while the builders are repairing the roof of our house.
 Uses, we often use time expressions like now, at the moment, today, this week.
Joe isn´t working at home this week.
 We sometimes we use the present continuous with always to criticise another person´s actions.
Yolanda´s always calling me late at night.
 Changes and trends.
We use the present continuous to talk about things that are changing as we speak.
More people are talking their get to the vet with behaviour problems these days.
 Describing pictures.
We use the present continuous to describe what is happening in pictures and photos.
In the photo on page 81, the scientists are tasting food.

Present Simple Present Continuos

Permanent situations, things we don´t
expected to change.
Regular actions, habits and routines.
To describe events in book, play or film.
Temporary situations for limited period of
time.
Actions that are happening at around time
we are speaking.
To describe what is happening in a photo or
picture.