-Rhapsody in Blue (1924)

Avant Garde Music

-An American in Paris (jazz rhythms with classical

-closely associated with electronic music forms, 1928)

-dealt with the parameters or the dimensions of sound in -Porgy and Bess (1934)

space
-influenced by Ravel, Stravinsky, Berg, and Schoenberg,

-order of note groups could be varied so that musical and “Les Six”

continuity could be altered

-“crossover artist”

Improvisation -“Father of American Jazz”

-necessary in this style of music, for the musical scores -369 orchestral musics
were not necessarily followed as written
-died in Hollywood, California (July 11, 1937)

COMPOSERS:

 Truly unconventional composition techniques

Leonard
-George Gershwin and John Cage

 Famed stage musicals and music lectures for

Bernstein
young people
-born in Massachussetts, USA
-Leonard Bernstein
-charismatic conductor, pianist,
 Minimalist compositions composer, and lecturer

-Philip Glass -substitute to Bruno Walter

 Unconventional methods of sound and form -New York Philharmonic Orchestra (November 14, 1943)

 Absence of traditional rules

-“universal language of music is basically rooted in

-Olivier Messiaen, John Cage, Philip Glass, Leonard tonality

Bernstein, George Gershwin, and Pierre Boulez

-conducting and composing for Broadway musicals,
dance shows, and concert music
George
-West Side Story (1957)

Gershwin -American version of Romeo and Juliet

-Candide (1956)
-born in New York to Russian
Jewish immigrants -Mass (1971)

-oldest brother was IRA -On the Waterfront (1954)

-La La Lucille (first Broadway musical, 119)

-“Young People’s Concerts (1958-1973)

-“Harvardian Lectures”

-90 musical compositions

-died in New York City, USA (October 14, 1990)

Philip Glass
-ballet, opera, theatre, film,
and television jingles

-cell-like phrases emanating

from bright electronic sound
from the keyboard with slow
patterns

-born in New York, USA

-Music in Similar Motion (1969)

-Music in Changing Parts (1970)

Combined rock-type grooves with perpetual patterns

played at extreme volumes

-collaborated with Robert Wilson

-four-hour opera Einstein on the Beach (1976)

-Satyagraha (1980)

-Akhnaten (1984)

-170 musical compostions

-lives in Nova Scotia and New York, USA